Mass and Balance Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

What does Basic Empty Mass not include?

A

Pilots and crew
Payload
Ballast
Usable fuel

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2
Q

How does Empty Mass differ from Basic Empty Mass?

A

BEM includes full oil rather than undrainable oil

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3
Q

BEM + items necessary for flight =

A

Operating Mass

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4
Q

What fuel does Zero Fuel Mass include?

A

Unusable fuel

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5
Q

What kind of mass is always greatest? Structural or performance?

A

Structural

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6
Q

The lower of a maximum structural mass and performance-limited mass is called the…

A

Regulated mass

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7
Q

Fuel gravity

A

0.72 Avgas

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8
Q

Oil gravity

A

0.96 synthetic and 0.90 mineral

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9
Q

1 USG equals how many pounds?

A

6lb

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10
Q

Turning moment of a force depends on?

A

Size of the force
Moment arm (length)

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11
Q

Turning moment equation

A

Force x Distance

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12
Q

How is an Index Unit composed?

A

Mass.length (Pound.Inch)

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13
Q

Is the Index Unit a mathematical unit?

A

No, it is a convenient figure

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14
Q

1 Index Unit equals

A

1000 kg.mm

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15
Q

The lift force of a tailplane depends upon its…?

A

Airspeed

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16
Q

Forward CG affects stability how?

A

Stability is greater as tailplane has long moment arm

17
Q

Aft CG affects stability how?

A

Stability is less as tailplane has shorter moment arm

18
Q

Why are fuel tanks often designed to be near the CG?

A

As fuel is burnt, change in CG is kept to a minimum

19
Q

Normal category involves what max degree of bank?

20
Q

Utility category involves what range of bank degrees?

A

60 to 90 degrees

21
Q

What manouevre does utility category include that normal category doesn’t?

22
Q

What is the datum?

A

The point from which all items are measured

23
Q

When is the ‘+’ used for moment arms?

A

When mass is aft of the datum

24
Q

When is the ‘-‘ used for moment arms?

A

When mass is forward of the datum

25
What elevator force is insufficient if CG is too far forward?
Nose-up force
26
What elevator force is insufficient if CG is too far aft?
Nose-down force
27
Longitudinal stability is reduced = very sensitive to pitch control occurs when?
CG is too far aft
28
How does CG movement affect glide range?
CG too far aft reduces glide range
29
How does CG movement affect the flare?`
CG too far forward will mean not enough elevator nose-up force to flare
30
Why does drag generally increase if CG is too far forward?
A large balancing download is required from the tailplane, requiring large elevators deflections increasing DRAG
31
How is longitudinal stability affected if CG is too far forward?
Longitudinal stability increases
32
How is stick force affected if CG is too far forward?
Slow to respond to stick inputs hence an increase in stick force is required