Take-Off and Landing Performance

Question 1

Performance group for most light aircraft in the UK?

Answer 1

Group E

Question 2

What safety factor should be applied to take-off according to the CAA?

Answer 2

1.33

Question 3

What safety factor should be applied to landing according to the CAA?

Answer 3

1.43

Question 4

1.33 safety factor is for?

Answer 4

Take-offs

Question 5

1.43 safety factor is for?

Answer 5

Landings

Question 6

What term is given for a mandatory limitation placed by the CAA on an aircraft’s performance data?

Answer 6

Performance writedown

Question 7

What is the TOSS?

Answer 7

Takeoff Safety Speed

Question 8

TOSS is otherwise known as?

Answer 8

V2

Question 9

What does the measured takeoff distance measure?

Answer 9

Starting point to screen height of 50 feet at V2 or greater

Question 10

Measured takeoff distance ends at what height?

Answer 10

50 feet

Question 11

What does the TOSS denote?

Answer 11

20% margin over the stall

Question 12

What is greater? Ground-run or take-off distance?

Answer 12

Take-off distance

Question 13

How do flaps affect a ground run?

Answer 13

Decrease it (with lower level of flaps)

Question 14

How do flaps affect take-off distance?

Answer 14

Does not reduce it as significantly as ground run due to reduced climb performance

Question 15

How does increased weight increase take-off distance (in two components)?

Answer 15

Weight increases ground run (slower acceleration)
Weight worsens climb performance

Question 16

How is friction involved in weight and ground run?

Answer 16

Greater weight means the frictional forces are increased and resist acceleration

Question 17

Take-off factor: weight

Answer 17

1.2

Question 18

10% increase in weight means _% increase of take-off distance?

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

What two factors decrease air density?

Answer 19

Lower air pressure
Higher temperatur

Question 20

On take-off, how will rotation speed based in IAS on ASI change with density altitude?

Answer 20

It will not change as IAS is a function of dynamic pressure

Question 21

Factor to remember for density altitude and temperature increase for take-off distances?

Answer 21

1.1

Question 22

A 1000ft increase in pressure altitude will affect take-off distance how?

Answer 22

Increase it by 10%

Question 23

A 10 degrees increase in air temp will affect take-off distance how?

Answer 23

Increase it by 10%

Question 24

How does headwind affect take-off distance?

Answer 24

It reduces it

Question 25

How does tailwind affect take-off distance?

Answer 25

It increases it

Question 26

Tailwind take-off distance factor

Answer 26

1.2

Question 27

A tailwind increase of 10% will increase take-off distance by how much?

Answer 27

20%

Question 28

Ideal tailwind limit?

Answer 28

5 knots

Question 29

How does a tailwind affect ground run?

Answer 29

Acceleration is reduced due to drag increase from crosswind deflections

Question 30

Impact of short, dry grass on take-off distance?

Answer 30

Increase of 20%

Question 31

Impact of long, dry grass on take-off distance?

Answer 31

Increase of 25%

Question 32

Impact of long, wet grass on take-off distance?

Answer 32

Increase of 30%

Question 33

How does runway surface affect ground run?

Answer 33

The poorer the runway surface, the greater the ground run

Question 34

If grass is greater than ____ (length) then takeoff should not be attempted

Answer 34

10 inches

Question 35

A take-off distance increase of 20% due to runway surface means the runway surface is...?

Answer 35

Short, dry grass

Question 36

A take-off distance increase of 25% due to runway surface means the runway surface is...?

Answer 36

Long, dry grass

Question 37

A take-off distance increase of 30% due to runway surface means the runway surface is...?

Answer 37

Long, wet grass

Question 38

How does runway slope affect take-off distance?

Answer 38

An upslope will increase take-off distance

Question 39

What are WAT limits?

Answer 39

Take-off/landing weights that should not be exceeded at specific combinations of altitude and temperature

Question 40

When WAT limits are not given, what climb rate is expected as a minimum?

Answer 40

500 ft/min

Question 41

What runway distance corresponds to the physical length of the runway?

Answer 41

TORA

Question 42

What term is given to the obstacle-free zone at the end of a runway?

Answer 42

Clearway

Question 43

TORA + clearway =

Answer 43

TODA

Question 44

TODA should not exceed TORA by how much?

Answer 44

1.5

Question 45

How do TORA and TODA differ?

Answer 45

TORA is for ground-run TODA is for take-off distance

Question 46

A rejected take-off is otherwise known as what?

Answer 46

Accelerated stop

Question 47

What is the emergency distance?

Answer 47

TORA + stopway

Question 48

How do stopways and clearways differ?

Answer 48

Stopways must be physical Clearways can be ground or water

Question 49

Published TORA, TODA, LDA, ED and ASDA are known as what?

Answer 49

Declared distances

Question 50

Measured Landing Distance starts and stops when?

Answer 50

50ft over the runway at >1.3 V-Stall to a full-stop

Question 51

Landing Distance involves what configuration and landing?

Answer 51

Full-flap, no-power approach and maximum braking

Question 52

1.3 V-Stall provides what safety margin for speed in landing?

Answer 52

30% safety margin

Question 53

How does weight affect landing distance?

Answer 53

The greater the weight, the greater the landing distance

Question 54

How does weight affect landing distance in two ways?

Answer 54

Stalling speed is increased so landing speed is increases Higher weight means brakes must work harder to absorb greater kinetic energy

Question 55

Landing weight factor

Answer 55

1.1

Question 56

An increase of 10% in aircraft weight affects landing distance how?

Answer 56

Increase of 10%

Question 57

How does density altitude affect landing distance?

Answer 57

The greater the density altitude, the greater the landing distance

Question 58

In what way does density altitude increase landing distance?

Answer 58

Greater density altitude means a greater approach TAS

Question 59

Density altitude landing factor

Answer 59

1.05

Question 60

A 1000ft density altitude increase or 10 degrees celsius increase has what effect on landing distance?

Answer 60

5%

Question 61

Why does a headwind reduce landing distance?

Answer 61

GS is reduced for the same TAS

Question 62

Tailwind landing factor

Answer 62

1.2

Question 63

A 10% tailwind increase will have what effect on landing speed?

Answer 63

20%

Question 64

What may occur during landing on wet surfaces?

Answer 64

Aquaplaning

Question 65

What happens to friction in aquaplaning?

Answer 65

Friction is zero

Question 66

When is aquaplaning likely to occur?

Answer 66

Higher groundspeeds

Question 67

How can aquaplaning be prevented if landing on a wet runway?

Answer 67

Landing into-wind so groundspeed is kept to a minimum

Question 68

How does a downslope affect landing distance?

Answer 68

It will increase landing distance

Question 69

Downslope landing distance factor

Answer 69

1.1

Question 70

A 2% downhill slope will have what effect on landing distance?

Answer 70

Increase it by 10%

Question 71

How should multiple landing factors be dealt with?

Answer 71

They are cumulative so should be multiplied

Question 72

How to calculate runway slope?

Answer 72

Altitude difference from each end/runway length