Mass Wasting

Question 1

Mass wasting is a slope _______, downslope movement of _____ or ____________ due to gravity

Answer 1

Failure
Rocks
Up consolidated materials

Question 2

______ is the process where materials are worn away and transported naturally by ____ or ______

Answer 2

Erosion
Water
Wind

Question 3

Sloped surface stability (2)

Answer 3

Angle of slope
Strength of underlying material

Question 4

Definition: strength of interaction between rock and surface
Definition: force component parallel to slope
Definition: force perpendicular to slope

Answer 4

Shear strength
Shear force
Normal force

Question 5

Steeper the slope, ______ the shear force

Answer 5

Greater

Question 6

Small slope, shear force is _____ than Shear strength

Answer 6

Less

Question 7

Younger mountains are _____ because they havent been eroded as much.

Answer 7

Steeper

Question 8

As rock strength increases, shear strength _______

Answer 8

Increases

Question 9

Definition: rock formed when molten material cools and solidifies
Name characteristics and two types

Answer 9

Igneous rock
No layers
Crystals
Intrusive or extrusive

Question 10

Definition: rocks formed from sediment
Name characteristics

Answer 10

Sedimentary rock
Gritty
Breaks easily
Layered

Question 11

Definition: igneous or sedimentary rock that has been transformed by high pressure/ heat
Name characteristics

Answer 11

Deep in the Earth
Denser
More compact rocks

Question 12

Rocks of crystallized molten material are very _______
Ex (3)

Answer 12

Strong
Granite
Basalt
Gneiss

Question 13

Crystals solids whose atoms are ______ _______

Answer 13

Highly ordered

Question 14

Strong sedimentary rock example (2)
Moderately strong sedimentary rock (1)
Weak strength sedimentary rock (1)
One that varies in strength

Answer 14

Dolostone - dolomite CaMg(CO3)2
Limestone - calcite CaCO3
-
Conglomerate - clastic rock made of chunks cemented together
-
Mudstone - shale, soft and brittle, clay silt and mud compacted and cemented together
-
Sandstone

Question 15

Definition: hard, solid rock under unconsolidated surface materials

Answer 15

Bedrock

Question 16

Definition: visible bedrock

Answer 16

Outcrop

Question 17

Rockfalls can be driven by? (6)

Answer 17

Hydrostatic pressure
Freeze/ thaw
Heavy snowfall and melt
Plantroots in cracked bedrock
Water erosion/ undercutting
Mining activities

Question 18

Definition: sliding encountered when thick layer (>__m) of unconsolidated material on a curved slope

Answer 18

Slump
10

Question 19

Definition: very slow movement of soil down a slope. Results in cracked roads and trees lean downhill

Answer 19

Creep

Question 20

Definition: creep triggered by freeze/thaw in colder climates

Answer 20

Solifluction

Question 21

Mudflow: flow of water and materials whose grains are _____ sized or _____

Answer 21

Sand
Smaller

Question 22

Debris flow: flow of matter and materials whose grains are ______ sized or _____

Answer 22

Gravel
Bigger

Question 23

Diameter of clay, silt, sand and gravel

Answer 23

Clay: <0.002mm
Silt: 0.002-0.05 mm
Sand: 0.05- 2mm
Gravel:>2mm

Question 24

Definition: mudflow or debris flow occurring on a volcano or associated with volcanic activity

Answer 24

Lahar

Question 25

Definition; forward rotation of movement of mass of rock out of a slope Triggered by: (4) Results in debris pile AKA?

Answer 25

Topple Thaw, weathering, undercutting, fluvial erosion Talus cone