Masty Equine Flashcards by Victoria Jezioro

term

what peritoneal pouch is located between the rectum & genital/reproductive organs?

rectogenital

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term

what peritoneal pouch is located between the urinary bladder and the uterus or genital fold?

vesicogenital

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term

what peritoneal pouch is located between the pubis and bladder?

pubovesical

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directional

which kidney pole is oriented toward the head?

cranial

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directional

which kidney pole is oriented toward the tail?

caudal

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capsule tissue type

___ tissue covers organ

connective

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capsule tissue type

___ surrounds organ

adipose capsule

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capsule tissue type

___ covered on one side by peritoneum

retriponeal

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topographic location

the right kidney is located under transverse processes

T16-18 and L1

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topographic location

the left kidney is located under transverse processes

T18 and L1-3

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part of kidney

the ___ is the topographic region for vessels and ureters to enter and leave

renal hilus

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part of kidney

the ___ indented space where vessels are located in the region of the hilus

renal sinus

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part of kidney

the ___ is the funnel shaped beginning of the ureter

renal pelvis

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the renal pelvis normally produces this to add it to urine

mucus

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part of kidney

the ___ is a tubular extension of the renal pelvis into the kidney poles

terminal recess

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part of kidney

the ___ is a ridge of tissue that drains directly into the renal pelvis

renal crest

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ureter

mucus is produced in which portion of the ureter to be added to urine

proximal 1/3

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ureter

where is the male ureter contained?

genital fold

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ureter

where is the female ureter contained?

broad ligament of the uterus

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bladder parts

what is the round part of the bladder called?

apex or vertex

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bladder parts

what is the middle part?

body

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bladder parts

what is the junction with the urethra and middle portion called?

neck

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bladder parts

where is the trigone located?

dorsal wall

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bladder parts

what is the trigone formed by?

entrance of L & R ureters into neck of bladder
internal urethral orifice

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# urethra what is the entrance called?

internal urethral orifice

# urethra what is the exit called?

external urethral orifice

# condition what is the name for when young animals have urine dripping from their umbilical region?

patent urachus

# patent urachus is the vestige connection between what two things?

1. vertex of bladder 2. placenta

# location the adrenal gland is position where in relation to each kidney?

medial

# tissue structure what is the outer tissue of the adrenal gland called?

adrenal cortex

# tissue structure what is the inner tissue of the adrenal gland called?

adrenal medulla

# superficial perineum boundary what is the dorsal boundary of the perineum?

root of tail

# superficial perineum boundary what is the lateral boundary of the perineum?

semimembranous m.

# superficial perineum boundary what is the ventral boundary of the perineum?

scrotum or mammary gland

# deep perineum boundary what is the dorsal boundary of the perineum?

end of sacrococcygeal joint ## Footnote end of the sacrum

# deep perineum boundary what is the ventral boundary of the perineum?

ischial arch

# deep perineum boundary what is the lateral boundary of the perineum?

sacrosciatic ligament

# perinuem what are the 4 muscles associated with the perineum?

1. coccygeus m. 2. levator ani m. 3. retractor m. in penis & clitoris 4. constrictor m. in vestibuli & vulvae

# perineal body what type of muscle makes up the internal anal sphincter?

smooth

# perineal body what type of muscle makes up the external anal sphincter?

skeletal

# perineal body whta composes the rectovaginal septum

connective tissue

# perineal parturition issues what are laceration of varying degrees called

linear tears ## Footnote aka perineal laceration

# perineal parturition issues what is it called is there is a hole made through the perineum?

fistula ## Footnote clinical significance : fecal contamination

# lumbrosacral plexus the cranial gluteal nerve is where in the ligament | looking for locational

ventral

# lumbrosacral plexus the caudal gluteal nerve is where in the ligament | looking for locational

dorsal

# lumbrosacral plexus what nerve branches off the puedendal nerve?

dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

# lumbrosacral plexus what does the caudal rectal nerve inneravate?

anal sphincter & skin in perianal region

# pelvis the singular form of hip bone

os coxae

# pelvis the plural form of hip bone

ossa coxarum

# pelvis what parts make up a bony pelvis?

1. ossa coxarum (L & R hip bones fused) 2. sacrum 3. first 3 caudal vertebrae

# pelvis what makes up one individual hip bone when fused?

1. pubis 2. ischium 3. ilium

# slope of pelvis what are the landmarks for drawing a line?

from tuber coxae to ischiadic tuberosity

# slope of pelvis what is the clinical significance?

normal position of greater trochanter of femur

# pelvic inlet boundaries what is the dorsal boundary of the pelvic inlet?

cranial edge of sacrum

# pelvic inlet boundaries what is the ventral boundary of the pelvic inlet?

cranial edge of pubis

# pelvic inlet boundaries what is the lateral boundary of the pelvic inlet?

acrurate line of ilium

# pelvic inlet diameter what is the dorsal to ventral diameter of the pelvic inlet called?

conjugate diameter

# pelvic inlet diameter what is the widest lateral point of the pelvic inlet called?

transverse diameter

# pelvic outlet boundaries what is the dorsal boundary for the pelvic outlet?

caudal vertebrae # 1-3

# pelvic outlet boundaries what is the ventral boundary for the pelvic outlet?

ischial arch

# pelvic outlet boundaries what is the lateral boundary for the pelvic outlet?

sacrosciatic ligament ## Footnote differert than in canine

# sacrum what vertebrae is fused?

# sacrum prominences where is the promontory located?

ventral aspect of S1

# sacrum prominences what does the spinous processes form when fusion occur?

median sacral crest

# sacrum prominences what does fusion of the transverse processes create?

lateral sacral crest

# pelvis how many pairs of spinal nerves are found in foramina?

# pelvic foramina what are the three types of foramina?

1. dorsal 2. ventral (pelvic) 3. sacral canal (in sacrum)

# hip ligaments which ligament connects the tuber sacrale & lateral sacral crest?

sacroiliac ligament ## Footnote more dorsal

# hip ligaments which ligament connects the lateral sacral crest to the ischiadic spine & ischiatic tuberosity?

sacrosciatic ligament ## Footnote more ventral

# hip ligament notches where is the greater sciatic notch located to the ischiadic spine? ## Footnote locational

cranial

# hip ligament notches where is the lesser sciatic notch located to the ischiadic spine? ## Footnote locational

caudal

# hip ligament foramina the greater sciatic foramen is a passageway for what two things?

1. sciatic n. 2. cranial gluteal a.

# hip ligament foramina the lesser sciatic foramen is a passageway for what two things?

1. tendon of internal obturator

# vasculature what is the deep circumflex iliac a. a branch of?

external iliac a.

# vasculature where does the external iliac a. originate from along the spine?

L4 or L5

# vasculature where does the internal iliac a. originate from along the spine?

L5 or L6 ## Footnote last branch off aorta

# vasculature do equines have a median sacral artery?

# lymph nodes medial iliac lymph node has a ___ origin of deep circumflex iliac ## Footnote location

aortic

# lymph nodes what does the medial ilial lymph node drain?

1. pelvic viscera 2. testes

# lymph nodes what is the condition associated with medial iliac lymph nodes?

orchitis

# lymph nodes lateral iliac lymph node has a ___ origin of deep circumflex iliac

bifurcation

# lymph node what does the lateral ilial lymph node drain?

1. thigh 2. stifle

# lymph nodes what is the condition associated with medial iliac lymph nodes?

gonitis

# vasculature what are the four major branches of the vascular distribution?

1. external iliac 2. internal illiac 3. internal puedendal 4. caudal gluteal

# vasculature what is the branching of the external iliac in the male? ## Footnote hint there is 9 in total

1. cremaster 2. deep femoral 3. pudendoepigastric trunk 4. medial circumflex femoral 5. caudal epigastric 6. external puedendal **7. superficial caudal epigastric 8. cranial artery of penis 9. dorsal artery of penis** ## Footnote bolded are different in male & female

# vasculature what is the branching of the internal puedendal in the male? ## Footnote hint there's 7

1. umbilical **2. prostratic** 3. caudal rectal 4. perineal **5. artery of penis 6. artery of bulb of penis 7. dorsal artery of penis** ## Footnote bolded are different in male & female

# vasculature what is the branching of the caudal gluteal in the male? ## Footnote hint there's 7

1. cranial gluteal 2. iliolumbar 3. obturator 4. iliacofemoral **5. middle artery of penis 6. deep artery of penis 7. dorsal artery of penis** ## Footnote bolded are different in male & female

# vasculature what is the triple supple to the penis?

1. artery of penis 2. cranial artery of penis 3. middle artery of penis

# vasculature what is the branching of the external iliac in the female? ## Footnote hint there's 8

1. cremaster 2. deep femoral 3. pudendoepigastric trunk 4. medial circumflex femoral 5. caudal epigastric 6. external puedendal **7. cranial mammary 8. caudal mammary** | bolded are differernt in male & female

# vasculature what is the branching of the internal puedendal in the female? ## Footnote hint there's 6

1. umbilical 2. **vaginal 3. uterine branch of vaginal **4. caudal rectal 5. perineal 6. **artery of vestibular bulb** ## Footnote bolded are differernt in male & female

# vasculature what is the branching of the caudal gluteal in the male? ## Footnote hint there's 5

1. cranial gluteal 2. iliolumbar 3. obturator 4. iliacofemoral **5. artery of clitory + anastomosis w/ 8** ## Footnote bolded are different from male

# scrotum ___ is the skin with glands & fine hair, ___ on the midline

skin ; raphe

# scrotum what separates the scrotum into two separate compartments and is made of fibroelastic tissue?

dartos

# scrotum this fascia is continuous with the parietal peritoneum at vaginal ring

parietal vaginal tunic

# testis how are they oriented in reference to ground?

horizontal

# testis what muscle is attached to the parietal visceral tunic?

cremaster m.

# testis what tunic covers organ?

visceral vaginal tunic

# testis what is the white connective tissue of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle?

tunica albuginea

# epididymis what part is at the cranial pole of the testis?

head

# epididiymis what part is at the caudal pole and what does it become?

tail ; ductus deferens

# ligament of epididymis which ligament connects to the parietal vaginal tunic?

ligament of the tail of the epididymis

# ligament of epididymis which ligament connects to testis?

proper ligament

# spermatic cord what are the contents of the spermatic cord?

testicular nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics ## Footnote TNAVL

# spermatic cord which cross section of the spermatic cord becomes the visceral vaginal tunic & is the first infolding of the parietal vaginal tunic?

mesofuniculus

# spermatic cord which cross section of the spermatic cord wraps around TNAVL and is part of the visceral vaginal tunic?

mesorchium

# spermatic cord which cross section of the spermatic cord wraps around the ductus w/ its artery and vein?

mesoductus

# spermatic cord the ___ surrounds everything in the spermatic cord

visceral vaginal tunic

# speramatic cord the ___ is associated with its artery and vein in the spermatic cord

ductus deferens

# castration how to closed castrations occur?

crushing

# castration what is incised during open castration?

parietal vaginal tunic

# penis what is the name for the L & R crus?

root

# penis what is the name for the fusion of crura?

body

# penis what is the name for the distal tip with dorsal process?

glans penis

# cavernous tissue whta covers the L & R crus and body of the penis?

corpus cavernosum

# cavernous tissue what covers each cruse?

ischiocaverousus m.

# cavernous tissue what surrounds the urthera and is dilated at the beginning between crura?

corpus spongiosum

# cavernous tissue what is found inside glans and its dorsal process?

corpus spongiosum glandis

# glans what is the edge of the glandis going around the circumference called?

corona glandis ## Footnote it's like a crown!

# glans what is the name for the space surrouding terminal part of urethra?

fossa glandis ## Footnote fossils are the end of the existence

# glans what is the dorsal diverticulum of fosssa glandis called?

urethral sinus ## Footnote sinus is a pouch above the urethra

# prepuce the preputial ___ is the opening of the outer fold

orifice

# prepuce the preputial ___ is the opening of the inner fold

ring ## Footnote it's your inner ring of homies

# prepuce where does smega and bean collect?

preputial cavity and urethral sinus

# accessory genital glands which gland opens on the L & R midline of the ischial arch?

bulbourethral gland

# accessory genital glands which gland opens lateral to colliculus seminalis?

prostate gland

# accessory genital glands which gland opens with the ampullae?

seminal vesiscles

# accessory genital glands which gland opens on the ejacultory orifice on the colliculus seminalis?

ampulla (dilated ductus deferens)

# genital fold what does this relate to in the female body?

broad ligament of the uterus

# genital fold what are the four parts of the genital fold?

1. ampullae 2. cranial half of seminal vesicles 3. ureters 4. uterus masculinus

# penis muscles what muscle covers the pelvic portion of urethra?

urethralis

# penis muscles what muscle covers bulbourethral glands?

bulboglandularis

# penis muscles what muscle covers corpus spongiosum penis?

bulbospongiosus

# penis muscles what muscle covers crus of penis on L & R side?

ischiocavernosus

# penis muscles what muscle is paired is "skinny"?

retractor

# blood supply what is the branching off the internal puedendal?

1. middle artery of penis 2. deep artery of penis 3. anastomosis to form dorsal artery of penis

# blood supply what is the branching off the obturator?

1. middle artery of penis 2. deep artery of penis 3. anastomosis to form dorsal artery of penis

# blood supply what is the branching off the external puedendal?

1. cranial artery of penis 2. bifurcate to anastomose dorsal artery of penis

# blood supply how does venous return in the penis and where is it located to the penis?

large plexus ; dorsal

# male innervation what is the sympathetic innervation ## Footnote same for female

hypogastric nerve

# male innervation what is the parasympathetic innervation? ## Footnote same for female

pelvic nerve

# male innervation what is the innervation to the dorsal nerve of the penis ## Footnote same for female

continuation of puedenal nerve ## Footnote sensory to penis and prepuce

# male innervation what nerve is sensory to scrotum & medial aspect of thigh? ## Footnote same for female

genitofemoral nerve

# male innervation what innervation comes from caudal mesenteric ganglion? ## Footnote same for female

testicular nerve

# lymphatic drainage what drains the penis & scrotum?

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

# lymphatic drainage what drains the testes & epididymis?

medial iliac lymph nodes ## Footnote condition : orchitis

# lymphatic drainage what drains the stifle?

lateral iliac lymph nodes ## Footnote condition : gonitis

# broad ligament which ligament suspends uterus?

mesometrium

# broad ligament which ligament suspends ovary?

mesovarium

# broad ligament which ligament suspends uterine tube?

mesosalpinx

Masty Equine Flashcards

(151 cards)