Matching Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter, activates muscle, PNS and CNS, opens Na+ channels

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2
Q

Aldosterone

A

causes the seminiferous tubules to produce inhibin

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3
Q

ATP synthase

A

enzyme, free energy of the electrochemical gradient is reduced, synthesis of ATP to ADP, 4 H+ to produce 1 ATP, creates ATP from ADP + P

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4
Q

Beta pleated sheet

A

an example of a secondary structure

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5
Q

Bond energy

A

measure of the stability of a chemical bond

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6
Q

Calcitonin

A

controls level of calcium in blood

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7
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme

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8
Q

Condensation reaction

A

results in the formation of water

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

short, branching terminals that receive impulses and relay the impulses to the cell body

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10
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

proofread by excising incorrectly paired nucleotides, removes RNA primers and replaces them with the appropriate deoxyribosenucleotides during DNA replication

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11
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

responsible for building new DNA strands during replication, enzyme responsible for synthesizing complementary strands of DNA during DNA replication, 5’ to 3’ direction

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12
Q

Entropy

A

randomness or disorder in a collection of objects or energy

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13
Q

Free energy

A

energy that can do useful work

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14
Q

Glial cells

A

support neurons by nourishing them, removing wastes, defending against infection, function as structural support cells

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15
Q

Gyrase

A

the bacterial enzyme that relives tension produced by the unwinding of DNA during replication

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16
Q

Helicase

A

unwinds DNA

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17
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

requires water to proceed

18
Q

Insulin

A

increases uptake of glucose from the blood - decrease in blood sugar

19
Q

Isomerization

A

one molecule is formed into another, same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms

20
Q

Lactate fermentation

A

pyruvate gets converted into lactic acid

21
Q

Lagging strand

A

new DNA strand synthesized in fragments

22
Q

Leading strand

A

new DNA strand that is synthesized continuously

23
Q

Ligase

A

links sugars and phosphates together

24
Q

Light reactions

A

use light to generate ATP and NADPH2, Calvin cycle

25
London dispersion forces
attraction between noble gases
26
Metabolism
sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes in a cell/organism
27
Motor neurons
transmit information from the CNS to effectors (muscles, glands, organs)
28
Myelin sheath
protects neurons and increases the rate of nerve impulse transmission
29
NAD and FAD
electron carriers, bring electrons to the ETC
30
Okazaki fragment
short lengths of DNA produced during synthesis of lagging strand
31
Oxaloacetate
can only be replenished by conversion of pyruvate, pyruvate resynthesizes oxaloacetate, metabolize lipids, Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA reacts with it to form citrate
32
Photorespiration
Rubisco uses oxygen as a reactant with RuBP, only occurs on hot, dry days, energy is lost, phosphoglycolate converted back into useful molecules
33
Primase
builds RNA primers
34
Progesterone
promotes growth of uterine lining, prevents uterine muscle contractions
35
Pyruvate oxidation
Co2 is removed, NAD+ is reduced, CoA is to the remaining acetyl group, 2 pyruvate molecules formed in glycolysis are transported through two mitochondrial membranes into the matrix
36
RNA primer
a marker to identify the starting point for DNA polymerase III
37
Single-strand binding proteins
keep newly separated strand of DNA apart
38
Substrate-level phosphorylation
the production of ATP as a direct result of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
39
Transition state
phase of a reaction when bonds are breaking (reactants) and forming (products)
40
van der Waals forces
intermolecular bonding, London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole etc.