Flashcards in Matching Deck (40):
1
Acetylcholine
neurotransmitter, activates muscle, PNS and CNS, opens Na+ channels
2
Aldosterone
causes the seminiferous tubules to produce inhibin
3
ATP synthase
enzyme, free energy of the electrochemical gradient is reduced, synthesis of ATP to ADP, 4 H+ to produce 1 ATP, creates ATP from ADP + P
4
Beta pleated sheet
an example of a secondary structure
5
Bond energy
measure of the stability of a chemical bond
6
Calcitonin
controls level of calcium in blood
7
Chemiosmosis
a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme
8
Condensation reaction
results in the formation of water
9
Dendrites
short, branching terminals that receive impulses and relay the impulses to the cell body
10
DNA polymerase I
proofread by excising incorrectly paired nucleotides, removes RNA primers and replaces them with the appropriate deoxyribosenucleotides during DNA replication
11
DNA polymerase III
responsible for building new DNA strands during replication, enzyme responsible for synthesizing complementary strands of DNA during DNA replication, 5’ to 3’ direction
12
Entropy
randomness or disorder in a collection of objects or energy
13
Free energy
energy that can do useful work
14
Glial cells
support neurons by nourishing them, removing wastes, defending against infection, function as structural support cells
15
Gyrase
the bacterial enzyme that relives tension produced by the unwinding of DNA during replication
16
Helicase
unwinds DNA
17
Hydrolysis reaction
requires water to proceed
18
Insulin
increases uptake of glucose from the blood - decrease in blood sugar
19
Isomerization
one molecule is formed into another, same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms
20
Lactate fermentation
pyruvate gets converted into lactic acid
21
Lagging strand
new DNA strand synthesized in fragments
22
Leading strand
new DNA strand that is synthesized continuously
23
Ligase
links sugars and phosphates together
24
Light reactions
use light to generate ATP and NADPH2, Calvin cycle
25
London dispersion forces
attraction between noble gases
26
Metabolism
sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes in a cell/organism
27
Motor neurons
transmit information from the CNS to effectors (muscles, glands, organs)
28
Myelin sheath
protects neurons and increases the rate of nerve impulse transmission
29
NAD and FAD
electron carriers, bring electrons to the ETC
30
Okazaki fragment
short lengths of DNA produced during synthesis of lagging strand
31
Oxaloacetate
can only be replenished by conversion of pyruvate, pyruvate resynthesizes oxaloacetate, metabolize lipids, Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA reacts with it to form citrate
32
Photorespiration
Rubisco uses oxygen as a reactant with RuBP, only occurs on hot, dry days, energy is lost, phosphoglycolate converted back into useful molecules
33
Primase
builds RNA primers
34
Progesterone
promotes growth of uterine lining, prevents uterine muscle contractions
35
Pyruvate oxidation
Co2 is removed, NAD+ is reduced, CoA is to the remaining acetyl group, 2 pyruvate molecules formed in glycolysis are transported through two mitochondrial membranes into the matrix
36
RNA primer
a marker to identify the starting point for DNA polymerase III
37
Single-strand binding proteins
keep newly separated strand of DNA apart
38
Substrate-level phosphorylation
the production of ATP as a direct result of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
39
Transition state
phase of a reaction when bonds are breaking (reactants) and forming (products)
40