Matching

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

neurotransmitter, activates muscle, PNS and CNS, opens Na+ channels

Question 2

Aldosterone

Answer 2

causes the seminiferous tubules to produce inhibin

Question 3

ATP synthase

Answer 3

enzyme, free energy of the electrochemical gradient is reduced, synthesis of ATP to ADP, 4 H+ to produce 1 ATP, creates ATP from ADP + P

Question 4

Beta pleated sheet

Answer 4

an example of a secondary structure

Question 5

Bond energy

Answer 5

measure of the stability of a chemical bond

Question 6

Calcitonin

Answer 6

controls level of calcium in blood

Question 7

Chemiosmosis

Answer 7

a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme

Question 8

Condensation reaction

Answer 8

results in the formation of water

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

short, branching terminals that receive impulses and relay the impulses to the cell body

Question 10

DNA polymerase I

Answer 10

proofread by excising incorrectly paired nucleotides, removes RNA primers and replaces them with the appropriate deoxyribosenucleotides during DNA replication

Question 11

DNA polymerase III

Answer 11

responsible for building new DNA strands during replication, enzyme responsible for synthesizing complementary strands of DNA during DNA replication, 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 12

Entropy

Answer 12

randomness or disorder in a collection of objects or energy

Question 13

Free energy

Answer 13

energy that can do useful work

Question 14

Glial cells

Answer 14

support neurons by nourishing them, removing wastes, defending against infection, function as structural support cells

Question 15

Gyrase

Answer 15

the bacterial enzyme that relives tension produced by the unwinding of DNA during replication

Question 16

Helicase

Answer 16

unwinds DNA

Question 17

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 17

requires water to proceed

Question 18

Insulin

Answer 18

increases uptake of glucose from the blood - decrease in blood sugar

Question 19

Isomerization

Answer 19

one molecule is formed into another, same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms

Question 20

Lactate fermentation

Answer 20

pyruvate gets converted into lactic acid

Question 21

Lagging strand

Answer 21

new DNA strand synthesized in fragments

Question 22

Leading strand

Answer 22

new DNA strand that is synthesized continuously

Question 23

Ligase

Answer 23

links sugars and phosphates together

Question 24

Light reactions

Answer 24

use light to generate ATP and NADPH2, Calvin cycle

Question 25

London dispersion forces

Answer 25

attraction between noble gases

Question 26

Metabolism

Answer 26

sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes in a cell/organism

Question 27

Motor neurons

Answer 27

transmit information from the CNS to effectors (muscles, glands, organs)

Question 28

Myelin sheath

Answer 28

protects neurons and increases the rate of nerve impulse transmission

Question 29

NAD and FAD

Answer 29

electron carriers, bring electrons to the ETC

Question 30

Okazaki fragment

Answer 30

short lengths of DNA produced during synthesis of lagging strand

Question 31

Oxaloacetate

Answer 31

can only be replenished by conversion of pyruvate, pyruvate resynthesizes oxaloacetate, metabolize lipids, Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA reacts with it to form citrate

Question 32

Photorespiration

Answer 32

Rubisco uses oxygen as a reactant with RuBP, only occurs on hot, dry days, energy is lost, phosphoglycolate converted back into useful molecules

Question 33

Primase

Answer 33

builds RNA primers

Question 34

Progesterone

Answer 34

promotes growth of uterine lining, prevents uterine muscle contractions

Question 35

Pyruvate oxidation

Answer 35

Co2 is removed, NAD+ is reduced, CoA is to the remaining acetyl group, 2 pyruvate molecules formed in glycolysis are transported through two mitochondrial membranes into the matrix

Question 36

RNA primer

Answer 36

a marker to identify the starting point for DNA polymerase III

Question 37

Single-strand binding proteins

Answer 37

keep newly separated strand of DNA apart

Question 38

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 38

the production of ATP as a direct result of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 39

Transition state

Answer 39

phase of a reaction when bonds are breaking (reactants) and forming (products)

Question 40

van der Waals forces

Answer 40

intermolecular bonding, London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole etc.