Material categories and properties - polymers and textiles Flashcards by o o

what are thermoforming polymers

polymers that can be heated and reshaped repeatedly, they are pliable and recyclable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

examples of thermoforming plastics

Acrylic (PMMA)
High impact polystyrene (HIPS)
High density polythene (HDPE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of acrylic

hard
brittle
shiny
available in wide range of colours
scratches easily
used in baths, car lights

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of high impact polystyrene HIPS

rigid
cheap
available in lots of colours
used for CD cases and yoghurt pots

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of High density polythene (HDPE)

stiff
strong
lightweight
flexible
used for washing baskets, chairs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of Polypropylene (PP

easily coloured
tough and flexible
used for chairs and casings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

cheap
brittle but durable
used in blister packs and window frames

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

light
tough
strong
used for clothing and drink bottles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are thermosetting polymers

polymers that do not change shape when heated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties of thermosetting polymers

brittle
good insulators
resistant to heat and chemicals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

examples of thermosetting polymers

Epoxy resin (ER)
Melamine formaldehyde (MF)
Phenol formaldehyde (PF)
Polyester resin (PR)
Urea formaldehyde (UF)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of epoxy resin

rigid
durable
expensive
strong
used to bond materials and lamination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of Melamine formaldehyde

hard
brittle
printable surface
used for picnic wear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties and uses of Phenol formaldehyde

rigid
brittle
Easily injection moulded
good insulator
used for snooker balls and bottle caps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties of Polyester resin

strong
heat resistant
good insulator
used as waterproofing and for encapsulating items

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

properties of Urea formaldehyde

heat resistant
brittle
hard
easily injection moulded
used for electrical fittings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are natural fibres

fibres that come from plants or animals, they are renewable and biodegradeable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

examples of natural fibres

cotton
wool
silk

properties and uses of cotton

takes dye well
absorbent
strong
recyclable
used in clothing

properties and uses of wool

warm
crease resistant
can be thick or coarse
used in clothing and carpets

properties and uses of silk

soft
shiny
difficult to wash
creases easily
used in luxury clothing, underwear and bedding

what are synthetic fibres

fibres made from non renewable coal and oil refined into polymers, and do not degrade easily

examples of synthetic fibres

polyester
polyamide
elastane

properties and uses of polyester

strong
versatile
holds colour well
washes well
can be woven or knitted

properties and uses of polyamide (nylon)

- shiny - water resistant - hard wearing - used for parachutes, sports clothing, sports equipment

properties and uses of elastane

- smooth - stretchy - Hardwearing - quick drying but not biodegradable - used in sportswear and swimsuits

what are blended fabrics

mixtures of fibres which combine properties

examples of blended fabrics and uses and properties of this fabric

polycotton - easy to wash - cheaper than cotton - can be printed or dyed

what are woven fabrics

fabrics that use a warp and weft yarn on a loom to interlock fibres.

how to remember woven fabrics

woven in overlapping layers, (under one, over one)

properties of plain weave

- woven fabric -Simple and cheap - strong - available in different thicknesses - when torn it rips in a straight line

what are non woven fabrics

webs of fibres that are glued, compressed or melted together

examples of non woven fabrics

- felted fabrics - bonded fabrics

properties and uses of felted fabrics

- available in many thicknesses - Formed with moisture, heat and pressure - can be shaped as it has no elasticity or drape - used for hat making - Randomly matted fibres, often wool

properties and uses of bonded fabrics

- often have holes at the surface - Does not fray as it has no grain - not strong

properties of knitted fabrics

- made from a variety of fibres, not just wool - Can be warp knitted (straight lines) or weft knitted (knitted upwards) - Warm, - stretchy - strong, tend to unravel when a hole is made, - used in clothing and sportswear

how to remember weft knitted

in loops like an oxbow river

how to remember warp knitted

looks like broken glasses

how is wool made

(MADE FROM A SHEEPS FLEECE) - a sheep is sheared - the wool is then cleared and scoured to remove dry grease and sweat - the fibres are then combed using wire rollers (this is called carding)

how is cotton made

(MADE FROM THE SEED PODS OF THE COTTON PLANT) - before harvesting, plants are treated with chemicals to make the leaves fall off - fibres are cleaned to remove dirt - seeds are removed - carding

how is silk made

(FROM THE COCOON MADE BY SILK WORMS) - the cocoon protects the worm whilst it turns into a moth - the cocoon is one long piece of silk fibre which is stuck together with a hard gum called sericin - the gum is softened by soaking in warm water, then the filament is unwound (this is called reeling)

what are regenerated fibres

fibres made from natural materials which are chemically which are chemically treated to make fibres

examples of regenerated fibres

a viscose fibres which are made by dissolving cellulose in sodium hydroxide. the liquid is forced through tiny holes and hardened to form filament fibres