MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE

Question 1

In a refrigeration cycle, what does EER stand for?

Answer 1

Energy Efficiency Ratio

EER is a measure of the efficiency of a cooling system.

Question 2

In a refrigeration cycle, what does COP stand for?

Answer 2

Coefficient of Performance

COP is the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required.

Question 3

1 EER is equal to:

Answer 3

3.41 COP

This relationship indicates how energy efficiency ratings compare.

Question 4

What is the base unit breakdown of 1 lux?

Answer 4

1 candela per square meter

Lux is a unit of illuminance.

Question 5

What is the base unit breakdown of 1 footcandle?

Answer 5

1 lumen per square foot

Footcandle is used to measure light intensity.

Question 6

This process is used to store perishable foods such as eggs, dairy products, meat, seafoods, vegetables, and fruits for a limited time.

Answer 6

Cooling

Cooling preserves food quality by slowing down spoilage.

Question 7

It is the rapid removal of field heat from freshly harvested fruits and vegetables before transport, storage, or processing.

Answer 7

Precooling

Precooling helps maintain the quality of produce.

Question 8

It is the ratio of the actual pressure of the water vapor in a space to the saturation pressure of pure water at the same temperature.

Answer 8

Humidity Ratio

This ratio is crucial in understanding moisture content in the air.

Question 9

Component of the refrigeration system that provides a heat transfer surface through which heat can pass from the refrigerated space or product into the vaporizing refrigerant.

Answer 9

Evaporator

The evaporator absorbs heat from the environment.

Question 10

The following are inorganic compound refrigerants except:

Answer 10

Water

Water is not typically used as a refrigerant.

Question 11

Seeds generally benefit from low temperatures and low humidity storage. High temperatures and high humidity favor loss of:

Answer 11

Viability

High temperatures and humidity can damage seeds.

Question 12

The amount of foreign materials in a sample of grains.

Answer 12

Dockage

Dockage affects the quality of grain samples.

Question 13

The following are characteristics of a good refrigerant in a refrigerator, except.

Answer 13

High Boiling Point

A good refrigerant should have a low boiling point.

Question 14

Define as the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of unit mass through 1 degree.

Answer 14

Specific Heat

Specific heat is a property of materials that affects heating and cooling.

Question 15

Is a piping line that carries high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant vapor from the compressor to the condenser.

Answer 15

Discharge Line

This line is crucial for the operation of the refrigeration cycle.

Question 16

After passing the evaporator the refrigerant is

Answer 16

Low Pressure, Low Temperature, Vapor

The state of the refrigerant changes as it absorbs heat.

Question 17

In refrigeration cycle, at which part the refrigerant is at its lowest temperature?

Answer 17

After Expansion Valve

The expansion valve reduces the refrigerant pressure.

Question 18

In refrigeration cycle, at which part the refrigerant is at its highest temperature?

Answer 18

After Compressor

The compressor increases the refrigerant’s temperature and pressure.

Question 19

It carries the liquid refrigerant from the receiver tank to the refrigerant flow control.

Answer 19

Liquid Line

The liquid line is essential for the refrigeration system’s operation.

Question 20

Engr. Malbas who works in an electric-generation station claims that the plant is 80% efficient. During your inspection, the flames in the boiler reach a temperature of 920°C and the cooling water coming from the nearby river measures 27°C. Engr. Malbas’ claim is?

Answer 20

Invalid

Efficiency claims should be based on actual performance measurements.

Question 21

Recommended stacking density per cubic meter of space for palay.

Answer 21

15 bags

Proper stacking density ensures better storage conditions.

Question 22

Recommended stacking density per cubic meter of space for corn.

Answer 22

12 bags

Stacking density varies based on the type of grain.

Question 23

It is the process of preserving food materials in hermetically-sealed container which has been sterilized with the use of heat.

Answer 23

Canning

Canning is a common method of food preservation.

Question 24

A building used for storing paddy rice in bulk or in bag form.

Answer 24

Silo

Silos are designed to protect stored grain.

Question 25

In refrigeration systems, the ___ increases the temperature and pressure of the gaseous refrigerant, thereby increasing its thermal energy.

Answer 25

Compressor ## Footnote The compressor is a key component in the refrigeration cycle.

Question 26

What is the purpose of the expansion valve in a refrigeration cycle?

Answer 26

To control refrigerant flow from the high-pressure condensing side of the system into low-pressure evaporator. ## Footnote The expansion valve regulates the refrigerant flow.

Question 27

In a refrigerating machine, heat rejected is ___ heat absorbed.

Answer 27

Equal to ## Footnote The laws of thermodynamics govern heat transfer.

Question 28

This is one of the components of the refrigeration system wherein it provides the flow resistance necessary to maintain the pressure difference between the two heat exchangers.

Answer 28

Expansion Valve ## Footnote The expansion valve plays a critical role in maintaining system pressure.

Question 29

Which of the following compound is not a refrigerant?

Answer 29

Carbon monoxide ## Footnote Carbon monoxide is toxic and not used as a refrigerant.

Question 30

Which of the following refrigerant is highly toxic and flammable?

Answer 30

Ammonia ## Footnote Ammonia requires careful handling due to its properties.

Question 31

In a refrigeration cycle, the flow of the refrigerant is controlled by ___.

Answer 31

Expansion valve ## Footnote The expansion valve is essential for system efficiency.

Question 32

In a vapor compression system, the condition of the refrigerant is dry saturated vapor ___.

Answer 32

Before entering the compressor ## Footnote This condition is critical for effective compression.

Question 33

During a refrigeration cycle, heat is rejected by the refrigerant in a ___.

Answer 33

Condenser ## Footnote The condenser cools and condenses the refrigerant.

Question 34

Where does the lowest temperature occur in a vapor compression cycle?

Answer 34

Evaporator ## Footnote The evaporator absorbs heat from the surroundings.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 35

Infiltration load is a part of the building load. ## Footnote Infiltration load impacts energy efficiency.

Question 36

This is the amount of heat that must be removed from the product to lower its temperature to the room in which it is to be stored.

Answer 36

Product load ## Footnote Understanding product load is essential for storage design.

Question 37

Component of total refrigeration load which refers to the heat transferred into the refrigerated space through its surface.

Answer 37

Transmission load ## Footnote Transmission load must be managed for effective refrigeration.

Question 38

What is the NFA recommended standard pallet size (square) for storing grains?

Answer 38

162 cm x 61 cm ## Footnote Standard pallet sizes are important for uniform storage.

Question 39

This type of material handling involves conveying granular materials in a closed duct by a high velocity air stream.

Answer 39

Pneumatic conveyor ## Footnote Pneumatic conveyors are efficient for specific material types.

Question 40

With regards to power transmission in product handling, which has the highest transmission efficiency?

Answer 40

Direct Coupling ## Footnote Direct coupling minimizes energy losses.

Question 41

The storage area of a primary processing plant for fruits and vegetables shall have a capacity of for temporary storage of raw materials for how many days?

Answer 41

1-2 days ## Footnote Short-term storage is critical for fresh produce.

Question 42

Bayaw Paps is planning to build a fruits and vegetables primary processing plant for the production of his Lettuce Chips. If he intends to process 15 tons of produce, how much floor area should they allocate?

Answer 42

300 m² ## Footnote Adequate floor area is necessary for processing operations.

Question 43

How much warehouse is needed having a dimension of 20m x 60m in order to store 200000 bags?

Answer 43

4 ## Footnote Storage capacity must be calculated based on bag size.

Question 44

A silo that has an aspect ratio greater than 1.0 and less than 2.0.

Answer 44

Intermediate ## Footnote Silo aspect ratios affect storage efficiency.

Question 45

Why is the evaporator used in the refrigeration system?

Answer 45

To absorb heat ## Footnote The evaporator plays a key role in cooling.

Question 46

What is chilling injury in fruits?

Answer 46

Caused by temperature below freezing point ## Footnote Chilling injury affects fruit quality.

Question 47

Which if the following is not the advantage of using a closed Air Refrigeration system?

Answer 47

Lower COP ## Footnote Closed systems typically have higher COP.

Question 48

What is the purpose of refrigeration?

Answer 48

Removal of unwanted heat from the product ## Footnote Refrigeration is essential for food preservation.

Question 49

He is considered as the father of thermodynamics.

Answer 49

Carnot ## Footnote Carnot's work laid the foundation for thermodynamics.

Question 50

With great power, comes great ______.

Answer 50

Responsibility ## Footnote This phrase emphasizes the ethical use of power.

Question 51

The heart of the vapor compression system is the _____.

Answer 51

Compressor ## Footnote The compressor is essential for the system's function.

Question 52

The process in which air moves through stored grains at a low rate to maintain its quality.

Answer 52

Aeration ## Footnote Aeration helps prevent spoilage in stored grains.

Question 53

In large scale storage of bagged grains, this method of stacking provides ventilation space between bags and allows circulation of convective air currents that provide a medium for heat dissipation.

Answer 53

Japanese Method ## Footnote This method is effective for grain storage.

Question 54

A storage structure with continuously wetted walls.

Answer 54

Drip Cooler ## Footnote Drip coolers maintain a lower temperature for stored items.

Question 55

A coarse cloth made of jute, flax or hemp.

Answer 55

Burlap ## Footnote Burlap is commonly used for packaging agricultural products.

Question 56

Warehouse dimension with 500,000 bags (1 bag= 50 kg).

Answer 56

75 m x 142 m ## Footnote Proper warehouse dimensions are critical for storage efficiency.

Question 57

Materials used to prevent migration of moisture into a storage area.

Answer 57

Vapor Barrier ## Footnote Vapor barriers are essential for maintaining storage conditions.

Question 58

An action of releasing a toxic chemical in the gaseous state to control a targeted pest.

Answer 58

Fumigation ## Footnote Fumigation is a pest control method used in storage.

Question 59

Cartons in which the cover is separate and fits snugly over the bottom part.

Answer 59

Telescopic Carton ## Footnote Telescopic cartons are commonly used for packaging.

Question 60

It is a medium of heat transfer which absorbs heat by evaporating at a low temperature and gives up heat by condensing at a high temperature and pressure.

Answer 60

Refrigerant ## Footnote Refrigerants are crucial for refrigeration systems.