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ERP > Materials Management > Flashcards

Materials Management Flashcards

1
Q

Ziele von MM

A

Sicherstellen der benötigten Materialien (pünktlich, richtige Qualität, richtiger Ort, minimale Kosten)

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2
Q

Procure-To-Pay Prozess

A

Create demand (MRP) - Process purchase request (Purchasing) - Create purchase order (Purchasing) - Create sales order (Vendor) - Monitor purchase order (Purchasing) . Deliver goods (Vendor) - Receive goods (Inventory Mngmt.) - Create Invoice (Vendor) - Verify Invoice (Accounts payable) - Trigger payment (Accounts payable)

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3
Q

Wo can MM helfen

A
  • Geringe Vertikale Integration in der Produktion
  • Minimierung von Sicherheitsbeständen
  • Outsourcing
  • Kosteneinsparung für externe Beschaffung
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4
Q

Wer ist am Procure to Pay Prozess beteiligt

A

Client, Purchasing organization, Storage Location, Plant, Company Code

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5
Q

Procure to Pay - Client

A

Hat Master Data und Gestaltungsbedarf (Customizing), repräsentiert Corporate Group, in der Hierarchie oben

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6
Q

Procure to Pay - Company Code

A
  • Kleinste organisatorische Einheit für Buchaltung, hat eigene Bilanz und GV Rechnung, in der Hierarchie unter Client
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7
Q

Procure to Pay - Purchasing group

A

Einkauf, Verträge + Vertragskonditionen

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8
Q

Procure to Pay - Plant

A

Produktionsstätte, Instandhaltung, Produktioneinheit mit Standardpreis, in der Hierarchie unter Company Code

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9
Q

Procure to Pay - Storage Location

A

Materiallagerung und Inventar, in der Hierarchie unter Plant

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10
Q

Unterschied plant specific purchasing organization und cross plant purchasing organization und cross company code pur. org.

A
  • specific: Jede Plant hat eine Pur. Org.
  • cross plant: Mehrere Plants haben eine Pur. Org.
  • cross company: Mehrere Plants bei Pur. Org. und plants sind bei verschiedenen company codes
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11
Q

Views for Material Master

A
  • Basic data
  • Sales data
  • Purchasing data
  • Work scheduling
  • Forecasting
  • MRP data
  • QM data
  • Material Accounting
  • Stock
  • Storage
  • Warehouse Management
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12
Q

Arten von Materialien

A

Endprodukte, Komponenten, Betriebsstoffe

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13
Q

Wer kann was im Material Master sehen?

A
  • Client: Basic Data
  • Plant: Purchasing, MRP / Forecasting, Stock quantities, Material accounting, Quality management
  • Storage location: MRP / forecasting, Stock quantities, Storage
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14
Q

MRP Prozess

A

Sales History Forecasts -> Sales & Operations -> Demand Planning (based on sales orders) -> MRP -> Production ORders External Procurement Orders

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15
Q

Welche Faktoren beinhaltet MRP?

A

MRP parameter of material, Available stock quantities, planned receipts / issues, demands for material (quanity, date, source of supply=

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16
Q

Unterprozess “Create Demand” vom Procure to Pay Prozess

A

Perform MRP Run & Create Demand -> Decide Make or Buy -> Process internal planned order & Check purchase requisition

17
Q

Unterprozess “Create MRP run” vom Create Demand Prozess

A

Run mass MRP in batch mode & Run MRP for main products in batch mode (Rework MRP run) -> Run MRP for single material

18
Q

MRP methods in SAP ERP

A

MRP (single/mass)

  • > Plan driven (Relies on known future demand): Planning critical parts / With BOM (bill of materials = Stückliste) resolution / Without BOM resolution
  • > Consumption driven (Relies on consumption): Manual reorder point (=Bestellpunkt: wenn verfügbaare Menge unter dem Bestellpunkt liegt) / Automatic reorder point / Stochastical planning (forecast)
19
Q

EPK for MRP Run in SAP ERP (external procurement)

A

Parameter für MRP run sind definiert -> MRP run -> Pur. Req. is created / Delivery sched. is created / Result MRP run is stored / Planned order is created / MRP list is created

20
Q

Was ist eine Purchase Requisition (=Bestellanforderung)?

A
  • Internes Dokument
  • Nachfrage, die gedeckt werden soll, muss definiert werden
  • Kann auslösen: Bestandsbeschaffung, Beschaffung für Konsumierung (externe services), Lierferplanerstellung, Bestandsumlegung
21
Q

Subprozess “Process Purchase Requisition”

A

Check if redetermination of SOS is required -> ggf. determine SOS -> ggf. release Pur. Req.

22
Q

Purchasing Master Records für SOS in SAP ERP (Angaben)

A
  • Vendors: Beschreibung und bestehende Verbindlichkeiten
  • Conditions: Preis, Rabatt, Menge, …
  • Purchasing info records
  • Quota arrangements: Welcher demand von welcher SOS
  • Source lists: Define preferred SOS or exclude SOS
  • Contracts
  • Scheduling agreements
23
Q

Subprocess “Create purchase order”

A

Convert pur. req. to pur. order X Convert RFQ (Angebotsanfrage) to pur. order X Create pur. order manually -> Release pur. order. -> send pur. order -> create sales order (vendor)

24
Q

Subprocess “Monitor purchase order”

A

check receipt of PO confirmation -> send reminder of delivery date (goods not received before delivery date) -> send reminder of delivery date (goods not received after delivery date)

25
Q

Was ist MRP?

A
  • Planung von Produktion (Materialbedarf ür Produktion, Lieferzeiten)
  • > Bedarfsplanung + Effizienzsteigerung
26
Q

Procure to Pay Prozess

A

Create demand (MRP) -> Process pur. req. (Purchasing) -> create pur. order (Purchasing) -> create sales order (vendor) -> Monitor pur. order (Purchasing) -> deliver goods (vendor) -> receive goods (inventory management) -> create invoice (vendor) -> verify invoice (accounts payable) -> trigger payment (accounts payable)

27
Q

Subprozess “Receive goods”

A

Create sales order (vendor) -> create ASN (vendor) -> receive ASN (Advance Shipping Notice - Versandvorabmitteilung) -> deliver goods (vendor) -> receive delivery (inventory management) -> start qm -> transport goods to warehouse

28
Q

Inventory Categories for Goods Receipt for a Stock Material (=Lagermaterial)

A

Goods receiving area has to do:

Stock in quality inspection, Blocked Stock, Unrestricted stock use

29
Q

Documents for a Goods Movement

A

Inventory Management has Goods Receipt, Goods Issue, Transfer posting -> Material Document with material quantity and movement type
Finance has accounting document with key and G/L account and amount based on material document

30
Q

Effects of Goods Receipt Posting

A
  • Update of quantities and values
  • Movement documentation
  • Update G/L accounts
  • Open an inspection lot to trigger the quality inspection
  • Transfer requirement for WM
  • Printout
  • Message to ordering party
  • Update of pur. order/order history
31
Q

Subprocess “Verify invoice”

A

Vendor: Create sales order -> create ASN -> Deliver goods -> create invoice .> accounts payable: enter invoice -> check invoice -> block invoice for payment -> release invoide

32
Q

Subprocess “Release Invoice”

A

Accounts payable: Check blocking reason -> ggf. trigger reconciliation -> remove blocked reason

33
Q

Material Valuation - Moving average price

A

Durchschnitt vom Preis des bestehenden Inventars und des neu dazu gekauften Materials

34
Q

Material Valuation - Standard price

A

Werden nach standard price bewertet

35
Q

Special Procurement types

A
  • Procurement via stock transfer
  • Subcontracting
  • Vendor consignment
  • Procurement for stock vs. Procurement for consumption
36
Q

Procurement via stock transfer

A
  • Zwischen storage locations einer plant
  • Zwischen storage locations mehrerer plants
  • Zwischen storage locations verschiedener Unternehmen
  • > ausgeführt mit reservierungen, stock transfer orders oder ohne planung
37
Q

Subcontracting process

A

Eig wie procure to pay, wir brauchen aber nur Komponenten

38
Q

Vendor consignment stock (Konsignationslager, Ware bleibt so lange im Stock, bis Kunde sie aufbraucht)

A
  • Avaiable for consumption
  • Owned by the vendor
  • Liabilities only for consumed quantities
39
Q

Procurement for Stock bs. Procurement for Consumption

A

1) Material braucht Master Record

ERP (4 decks)

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