MATERNAL 9-25 Flashcards by Hanz Myko C. DIDULO

Major life changes that can affect your sexual
desire include:

-pregnancy
-partner changes (marriage or -divorce)
-physical or psychological disability
menopause
-Major life changes that can affect your sexual
desire include:
work and life imbalance

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Common
relationship factors that can impact sexual desire
include

conflict
toxic communication
controlling attitudes
contempt or criticism
defensiveness
breach of trust (infidelity)
lack of emotional connection
spending too little time alone

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libido

(sexual desire)

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Certain conditions can affect libido (sexual desire). The
most common of these are:

high blood pressure
cancer
coronary heart disease
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
neurological issues
diabetes
arthritis

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Women who have had breast or vaginal surgery may
experience ____ , poor body image, and
inhibited sexual desire.

sexual dysfunction

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inability to achieve an
erection of the penis. This can cause HSDD in the
person with the penis, who may feel a failure sexually.

Erectile dysfunction (ED)

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Erectile dysfunction isn’t necessarily due to aging.
It can be a sign of medical problems such as:

-diabetes
-heart disease
-clogged blood vessels
-In many HSDD cases, medical conditions aren’t
as influential as each partner’s attitude about
sexual intimacy.

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How Is Inhibited Sexual Desire Diagnosed?

-blood tests to check for diabetes, high
cholesterol, thyroid problems, or low
testosterone
-pelvic exam to check for physical changes,
such as vaginal dryness, painful areas, or
thinning of the vaginal walls
-blood pressure check
-tests for heart disease
-prostate gland examination

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B. Nursing Diagnoses

Knowledge deficit
Sexual dysfunction
Altered sexual function
Anxiety

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Planning and Outcome Identification

The client and her partner will be knowledgeable
about reproduction and sexuality.
The client and her partner will achieve optimal sexual
functioning,
The client’s and her partner’s anxiety will be
alleviated.

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producing new life or offspring; the
reproductive potential of a species is its relative
capacity to reproduce itself under optimal conditions;
the reproductive or generative organs, reproductive,
generative; fruitful – productive or conducive to
producing in abundance; “be fruitful and multiply”
having the power to procreate…

Procreative

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action of making a copy of something,
or the production of offspring by sexual intimacy…

Reproduction -

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roots sexuality and childbearing deeply
within with two relations: that of the man and woman,
and that between the couple and GOD (2006)

Procreation

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Procreation is the creation of humans. There are two
main theories:

Creation. Evolution

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God created the world an all that’s in it, including
humans, and they reproduce thorough sexual intercourse

Creation

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Darwin’s theory that humans evolved over the years
through natural occurrences and from the growth and
development of monkeys and other creatures.

Evolution

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creation of a new human person, by the
act of sexual intercourse, by a man and a woman.

Procreation

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making of all things from nothing by an act of
God at some time in the past. God’s action could have
taken a second, or 6 days, or a million years.

Creation

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all things came about by the
repeated random actions of natural selection, whereby:|
Life came into existence, and then
Primitive life evolved into more and more complex
organisms, and eventually producing mankind.

Evolutionary theory

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With the introduction of ____ to the
marital act, the procreative dimension is purposefully
suppressed and ignored.

artificial birth control

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Moreover, we must also consider the possible side
effects of these pills to the health of the woman. In
examining for various oral contraceptives, possible
health complications include,

thrombosis,
cerebrovascular disorders, birth defects and various
forms of cancer (breast, cervical, ovarian and
uterine).

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2 Purposes of Pleasure:

To strengthen the couple’s relationship
To give them the ability to share with God in the
creation of another human being

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is all those things that go with being male or
female–including physical and emotional differences.
They are all part of being human

Sexuality

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involves genital and erotic activity.
We are all sexual beings, but it isn’t necessary to become
involved in genital sex to be fully human

Sexual intercourse

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UNITIVE purpose of our sexuality

Two becoming one flesh

PRO-CREATIVE purpose

- Increase and multiply

Female Reproductive System: External Structures mound of fatty tissue over the symphysis pubis that cushions and protects the bone

Mons Pubis

Female Reproductive System: External Structures longitudinal folds of pigmented skin extending from the mons pubis to the perineum

Labia minora

Female Reproductive System: External Structures soft longitudinal skin folds between the labia majora

Labia minora

Female Reproductive System: External Structures is is erectile tissue located at the upper end of the labia minora. It is the primary site of sexual arousal

Clitoris

Female Reproductive System: External Structures small opening of the urethra; located between the clitoris and the vaginal orifice for the purpose of urination

Urethral meatus

Female Reproductive System: External Structures small mucus-secreting glands that open into the posterior wall of the urinary meatus and lubricate the vagina

Skene, paraurethral glands

Female Reproductive System: External Structures almond-shaped area between the labia minora containing the vaginal introitus, hymen, and Bartholin glands

Vestibule

Female Reproductive System: External Structures external opening of the vagina

Vaginal introitus

Female Reproductive System: External Structures membranous tissue ringing the vaginal introitus

Hymen

Female Reproductive System: External Structures mucus-secreting glands located on either side of the vaginal orifice

Bartholin or vulvovaginal glands

Female Reproductive System: External Structures composed of muscles and fascia that support pelvic structures

Perineal body

Female Reproductive System: External Structures area of tissue between the anus and vagina; an episiotomy is performed here

Perineum

Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures female organ of copulation and also serves as the birth canal; tubular musculomembranous organ that lies between the rectum and the urethra

Vagina

Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures hollow, muscular organ located between the bladder and rectum, and consists of the fundus, body (corpus), and cervix

Uterus

Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures Broad and round ligaments provide upper support for the uterus Cardinal, pubocervical, and uterosacral ligaments are suspensory and provide middle support. Pelvic muscular floor ligaments provide lower support

Uterine ligaments

Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures Extend from the upper outer angles of the uterus and end near the ovary. These tubes serve as the passageway for the ovum to travel from the ovary to the uterus and for the sperm to travel from the uterus to the ovary.

Fallopian tubes

Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures Female sex glands located on each side of the uterus.

Ovaries

Uterus is a hollow, muscular organ with 3 muscle layers

perimetrium myometrium endometrium

Ovaries Female sex glands located on each side of the uterus. The two functions of the ovaries are:

Ovulation (release of ovum) Secretion of hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Female Reproductive System: Pelvis bony ring in the lower portion of the trunk

Pelvis

Female Reproductive System: Pelvis held together by four joints (articulations) – symphysis pubis, two sacroiliac, and sacrococcygeal. Fibrocartilage between these joints provides movabilit

Pelvic bones

Pelvis bony ring in the lower portion of the trunk. It consists of:

3 parts ilium ischium pubis 4 bones two innominate bones or hipbones sacrum coccyx

Types of Pelves - typical female pelvis with a rounded inlet

Gynecoid

Types of Pelves - normal male pelvis with a heart-shaped inlet.

Android

Types of Pelves - “apelike” pelvis with an oval inlet

Anthropoid -

Types of Pelves - flat, female-type pelvis with a transverse oval inlet

Platypelloid

(the process of measuring the internal or external pelvis) is performed with radiography or by internal examination

Pelvimetry

Internal pelvic inlet measurements measures the diagonal conjugate, which is the lower margin of the symphysis pubis to the promontory of the sacrum; it is normally ___ cm or more.

11.5

Internal midpelvic measurements measures the distance between ischial spines and prominence or bluntness of spines; it is normally ___ cm

10.5

Internal pelvic outlet measurement is an estimation of the angle of the pubic arch (90 degrees), mobility of coccyx, intertuberous diameter (___cm), and posterior sagittal diameter (___ cm)

11 , 7.5

Female Reproductive System: Breasts (Internal) composed of acini (milk-producing) cells that cluster in groups of 15 to 20 to form the lobes of the breast

Glandular tissue (parenchyma)

Female Reproductive System: Breasts (Internal) form passageways from the lobes to the nipple

Lactiferous ducts or sinuses

Female Reproductive System: Breasts (Internal) provide the lative size and consistency of the breast

Adipose and fibrous tissues (stroma)

(mammary glands)

The female breasts

The female breasts (mammary glands) are specialized ____ that produce milk after childbirth (lactation).

sebaceous glands

Female Reproductive System: Breasts (External) a raised pigmented area of the breast

Nipple

Female Reproductive System: Breasts (External) pigmented skin around the nipple

Areola

Female Reproductive System: Breasts (External)

Montgomery tubercles

The breasts change in size and nodularity in response to cyclic ovarian hormonal changes, including: which produces tenderness

Estrogen stimulation

The breasts change in size and nodularity in response to cyclic ovarian hormonal changes, including: which causes increased tenderness and breast enlargement

Progesterone (postovulation)

Physical changes in breasts size and activity are at a minimum ___ days after menstruation stops; this is the best time to detect pathology changes through breast self-examination.

5 to 7

The ovaries produce mature gametes and secrete the following hormones: contributes to the characteristics of femaleness (eg. female body build, breast growth).

Estrogen

(onset of menstruation)

Menarche

Menarche (onset of menstruation) typically occurs between ___ years

10 and 13

The ovaries produce mature gametes and secrete the following hormones: quiets or decreases the contractility of the uterus.

Progesterone (hormone of pregnancy)

The ovaries produce mature gametes and secrete the following hormones: regulate the reproductive process by stimulating the contractility of uterine and other smooth muscles.

Prostaglandin

The menstrual cycle occurs on 4 levels:

-central nervous system (CNS; -hypothalamic-pituitary) -ovarian -endometrial (menstrual) -cervical

The hypothalamus stimulates the ____ gland by secreting

anterior pituitary, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

The anterior pituitary secretes two gonadotropins

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

prompts the ovary to develop ovarian follicles; the developing follicles secrete estrogen, which feels back to the anterior pituitary to suppress FSH and trigger a surge of LH

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

acts with FSH to cause ovulation and enhance corpus luteum formation

LH acts with FSH to cause ovulation and enhance _)__

corpus luteum formation

An oocyte grows within the primordial follicle in 2 phases:

: follicular and luteal.

Follicular phase days

(days 1 to 14)

Luteal phase days

(days 15 to 22)

An oocyte grows within the primordial follicle in 2 phases: - follicle matures due to FSH

Follicular phase (days 1 to 14)

An oocyte grows within the primordial follicle in 2 phases: the corpus luteum develops from a ruptured follicle

Luteal phase (days 15 to 22)

In the menstrual phase (days 1 to 5) the estrogen level is ___and cervical mucus is___

low , scanty.

Endometrial Response In the phase _____, the estrogen level is high, the endometrium and myometrium thicken, and changes in cervical mucous occurs. (Note: variations in the menstrual cycle are due to variations in the number of days in this phase.) On average, ovulation occurs on day 14of a 28-day cycle.

proliferative (follicular) phase (days 6 to 14)

Endometrial Response In the ____ phase , after release of the ovum, the estrogen level drops, the progesterone level is high, increased uterine vascularity occurs, and tissue glycogen levels increase

secretory phase (days 14 to 26)

Endometrial Response In the ____, estrogen and progesterone level recede, arterial vessels constrict, the endometrium prepares to shed, the blood vessels rupture, and menstruation begins.

ischemic phase (days 27 to 28)

Before ovulation, estrogen levels rise, causing cervical os ____ abundant liquid mucus, high spinnbarkeit, and excellent sperm penetration.

dilation,

After ovulation, progesterone levels rise, resulting in cervical os _____, scant viscous mucus, low spinnbarkeit, no ferning, and poor sperm penetration.

constriction

is a transitional period during which ovarian function and hormonal production decline.

The climacteric

refers to a woman’s last menstrual period;

Menopause

the average age of menopause is

51.4 years.

Menstrual Cycle & Hormones Average age onset, 12.4 years; Average range, 9-17 years

Beginning (Menarche)

Menstrual Cycle & Hormones Average 28 days, cycles of 23-35 days not unusual

Interval between cycles

Menstrual Cycle & Hormones Average flow, 4-6 days, Ranges of 2-9 days not abnormal

Duration of menstrual flow

Menstrual Cycle & Hormones Difficult to estimate, average 30-80 mL per menstrual period, saturating a pad or tampon in less than I hour as heavy bleeding

Amount of menstrual flow

Menstrual Cycle & Hormones Dark red, a combination of blood, mucus and endometrial cells

Color of menstrual flow

Menstrual Cycle & Hormones Similar to marigolds

Odor

Determination of Ovulation pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen experienced by some women midway in the intermenstrual interval. It occurs at or around the time of an egg is released from the ovaries (ovulation)

Mittelschmerz

Determination of Ovulation Ability of cervical mucus to stretch into long strands at the height of estrogen secretion. When progesterone is the dominant hormone cervical mucus is thick, viscous state.

Spinnbarkeit

Determination of Ovulation an interesting property of cervical mucus just before ovulation when estrogen levels are high is the ability to form fernlike patterns on a microscope slide when allowed to dry. When progesterone is the dominant hormone, just after ovulation, this fern pattern is no longer discernible

Ferning

Determination of Ovulation the lowest temperature reached by the body during one’s waking hours usually occurs immediately upon wakening in the morning The basal temp. drops before the day of ovulation and rises on the day after ovulation

Basal Body Temperature

Male Reproductive System: External Structures male organ of copulation; this cylindrical shaft c

Penis

To compute for the exact date of ovulation, count back ____ days from the first day of menstruation.

mucus can be examined at mid cycle to detect ferning

Fern Test

Male Reproductive System: External Structures male organ of copulation

Penis

Penis two lateral columns of erectile tissue

(corpora cavernosa)

Penis A column of erectile tissue on the underside of the penis ____ that encases the urethra

(corpus spongiosum)

Penis a cone-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum that is highly sensitive to sexual stimulus

The glans penis

Penis a skin flap that covers the glans penis in uncircumcised men

The prepuce, or foreskin

Male Reproductive System: External Structures pouch hanging below the penis that contains the testes. Internally, the medial septum divides the scrotum into two sacs, each of which contains a testicle

Scrotum

Male Reproductive System: External Structures 2 solid ovoid organs 4 to 5 cm long, divided into lobes containing seminiferous tubules.

Testes

The 2 functions of the testes are production of

testosterone and spermatogenesis

Male Reproductive System: External Structures tubular sac located next to each testis that is a reservoir for sperm storage and maturation

Epididymis

Male Reproductive System: External Structures duct extending from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct, which provides a passageway for sperm

Vas deferens

Male Reproductive System: External Structures canal formed by the union of the vas deferens and the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle. It enters the urethra at the prostrate gland

Ejaculatory duct

Male Reproductive System: External Structures passageway for urine and semen that extends from the bladder to the urethral meatus

Urethra

Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands located behind the bladder and in front of the rectum deliver secretions to the urethra through the ejaculatory ducts

Seminal vesicles

Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands surrounds the base of the urethra and the ejaculatory duct, secretes a clear fluid with a slightly acid pH rich in acid phosphatase, citric acid, zinc, and proteolytic enzymes

Prostate gland

Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands lie at the base of the prostate and on either side of the membranous urethra. They produce a clear, alkaline mucinous substance that lubricates the urethra and coats its surface. The alkalinity assists in neutralizing acidic female vaginal secretions, which otherwise would be detrimental to sperm survival.

Bulbourethral & Urethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

thick, whitish fluid ejaculated by the man during orgasm

Semen

It contains spermatozoa and fructose-rich nutrients. During ejaculation, semen receives contributions of fluid from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland.

Semen

Semen is ___and the average amount of semen released during ejaculation is __

alkaline (average pH, 7.5) 2.5 to 3.5 ml.

Male Reproductive System: Neurohormonal ControL At puberty, the ___ stimulates the ____ to produce FSH and LH

hypothalamus pituitary gland

Male Reproductive System: Neurohormonal ControL stimulates germ cells within the testes to manufacture sperm

FSH

Male Reproductive System: Neurohormonal ControL stimulates the production of testosterone in the testes.

Testosterone production occurs in the interstitial ____ in the _____

Leydig cells, seminiferous tubules.

Testosterone production slows after ____ years of age; by ____ years of age, production is only about one-fifth peak level.

40, 80

(sperm production) occurs continually after puberty, providing large numbers of sperm for unlimited ejaculations during the mature life span.

Spermatogenesis

Spermatozoa are released from the ____ walls of the

epithelial, Seminiferous tubules.

The entire period of spermatogenesis, from germinal cell to mature sperm, takes about ___ days.

Homologous Structures of the Human Male and Female Reproductive System Male Embryo Structure Female Testis Penis Scrotum Cowper’s gland Skin shaft of penis (ventral) Foreskin of penis

Embryo Structure Gonad Genital Tubercle Genital Swellings -SKIN SHAFT - Genital Folds Female Ovary Clitoris Labia majora Bartholin’s gland Labia minora Clitoral hood

Analogous Structures of the Human Male and Female Reproductive System Duct system

Male epididymis, urethra, & vas deferens - Wolffian duct Female Estrogen & Progesterone Corpus luteum & granulosa cells uterus, fallopian tube, & vagina - Mullerian duct

Analogous Structures of the Human Male and Female Reproductive System Hormone produced

m Testosterone f Estrogen & Progesterone

Analogous Structures of the Human Male and Female Reproductive System Hormones produced by

M Interstitial cells F Corpus luteum & granulosa cells

The human sexual response cycle, or how the human body responds to sexual arousal, is composed of 4 distinct phases:

A. Excitement B. Plateau C. Orgasm D. Resolution

The human sexual response cycle, or how the human body responds to sexual arousal: occurs with physical and psychological stimulation (i.e. sight, sound, emotion, or thought) that causes parasympathetic nerve stimulation. This leads to arterial dilation and venous constriction in the genital area. The resulting increased blood supply leads to vasocongestion and increasing muscular tension.

. Excitement

The human sexual response cycle, or how the human body responds to sexual arousal: ____ stage is reached just before orgasm.

Plateau

The human sexual response cycle, or how the human body responds to sexual arousal: occurs when stimulation proceeds through the plateau stage to a point at which the body suddenly dischargers accumulated sexual tension

. Orgasm

The human sexual response cycle, or how the human body responds to sexual arousal: The period during which the external and internal genital organs return to unaroused state.

Resolution

a person’s preference for heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual relationships.

Sexual orientation

- the activities that the individual chooses to give and receive physical love and gratification.

Sexual expressio

are produced mainly by the ovaries and the placenta during pregnancy

Estrogens

also acts as a hormone and neurotransmitter involved in functions such as movement, learning, milk production, memory, sleep or attention, although it is known above all because it provides pleasure and relaxation.

Dopamine

defines sexual orientation as "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic and/or sexual attractions to men, women or both sexes."

The American Psychology Association

is about who you’re attracted to and want to have relationships with.

Sexual orientation

Types of Sexual Orientation an individual feels attraction on an emotional, romantic or sexual level to people of the opposite sex.

Heterosexual

Types of Sexual Orientation refers to those with a sexual preference for people of the same sex

Homosexua

Types of Sexual Orientation one feels emotional, romantic, sexual, or affective attraction towards both sexes.

BisexuaL

Types of Sexual Orientation lack of sexual, social, physical, or affective attraction towards others

Asexual

Types of Sexual Orientation attracted to any sex or gender

Pansexual

Types of Sexual Orientation a sexual preference where the individual needs to establish an emotional bond with someone first before they feel attraction.

Demisexual

Types of Sexual Orientation a non-defined sexual orientation, which means that individuals that identify as- make connections with all different types of people Some might consider this type of sexual preference a sort of mix between bisexuality and pansexuality, althoug

Anthrosexual

Types of Sexual Orientation an individual feels sexually attracted to himself or herself, which means that they have autoerotic tendencies.

Autosexuality

Types of Sexual Orientation sexual preference that represents the most substantial part of the sexual desire continuum. a sexual orientation located between the two poles of desire: asexuality and sexuality

Graysexuality

Types of Sexual Orientation practically the same as asexuality (a lack of sexual, emotional, or affective attraction to anyone). The difference is that, while asexuality defines someone's sexual preferences as a norm, _____ is a consequence of external factors like too much stress at work, or even the result of a medical condition.

Hyposexuality

Types of Sexual Orientation the person feels physical and emotional attraction towards a person, regardless of whether this feeling is corresponded.

Lithsexuality

'sapio' comes from Latin and means

'wise

Types of Sexual Orientation a fixed attraction towards people that they consider intelligent.

Sapiosexuality

Types of Sexual Orientation The originally meant "strange" or "peculiar,"

Queer

Types of Sexual Expression the state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations

Celibacy

Types of Sexual Expression stimulation of the genitals with the hand for sexual pleasure act or practice of self-stimulation of one's sexual organs

Masturbation

Types of Sexual Expression The use of visual materials such as magazines or photographs for sexual arousal.

Erotic Stimulation

Types of Sexual Expression a form of sexual behavior in which gratification is strongly linked to a particular object or activity

Fetishism

Types of Sexual Expression the action or practice of dressing in clothes primarily associated with the opposite sex

Transvestism

Types of Sexual Expression practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activit

Voyuerism

Types of Sexual Expression giving and receiving of pleasure from acts involving the receipt or infliction of pain or humiliation

Sadomasochism

Other Types of Sexual Expression revealing one’s genital in public

Exhibitionism

Other Types of Sexual Expression individuals who are interested in sexual encounters with children

Pedophiles

Other Types of Sexual Expression an unsolicited telephone call where a person uses foul or sexual language to interact with someone who may be known to them or who may be a complete stranger

Obscene Phone Calling

Other Types of Sexual Expression From the viewpoint of the recipient of the calls, obscene calls may be considered to be a form of sexual harassment, stalking, or both.

Telephone Scatologia

Other Types of Sexual Expression sexual intercourse between a person and an animal

Bestiality

Other Types of Sexual Expression sexual intercourse with or attraction towards corpses

Necrophilia

Disorders of sexual functioning Healthy sexual activity can include a wide range of desires and activities, which, when fantasized about or experienced between consenting adults as part of a fulfilling relationship, bring people pleasure, even if others may prefer to live their sex lives in a different way

Sexual Desire Disorders

Disorders of sexual functioning a medical condition with only one symptom: low sexual desire

Inhibited sexual desire (ISD)

MATERNAL 9-25 Flashcards

(178 cards)