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MATERNAL ANATOMY Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

arranged transversely, Pfannensteil incision has superior cosmetic results

A

Langer lines

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2
Q

abnormally wide separation of rectus abdominis muscle

A

Diastesis Recti

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3
Q

maybe lacerated during a maylardincision during muscle transection(rectus sheath hematoma)

A

Inferior EpigastricVessels

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4
Q

can be severed during a low segment incision or entrapped during closure

A

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerve

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5
Q

EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS

A 
❖Mons pubis
❖Clitoris
❖Urinary meatus
❖Labia majora
❖Labia minora
❖Vestibule
❖Bartholin’sglands
❖Periurethralglands
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6
Q

INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS

A 
❖Vagina
❖Uterus
❖Cervix
❖Fallopian Tubes
❖Ovaries
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7
Q

❖Pair of cutaneous folds
❖Pigmented with hair, sweat & sebaceous glands
❖Size related to fat content
❖Homologous to scrotum

A

labia majora

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8
Q

❖Pair of small, red cutaneousfolds
❖Between the labia majora& hymen
❖Fuses anteriorlyto form prepuce of clitoris & inferiorly as its frenulum
❖Dense connective tissue, elastic fibers & sebaceous glands
❖Prominent in children & postmenopausal women

A

labia minora

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9
Q

Lowest portion of urogenital sinus
Cleft between labia minora
From clitoris to the posterior fourchette
Perforated by 6 openings: Orifices of the urethra, vagina, paraurethralglands & ducts of Bartholin’sglands open into it
With numerous small mucinous glands

A

VESTIBULE

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10
Q

❖Membranous conduit for urine from the urinary bladder to the vestibule
❖3.5 to 5 cm in length

A

URETHRA

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11
Q

mucosal lining of Urethra
❖Proximal 2/3
❖Distal 1/3
❖Distal orifice

A

stratified transitional epithelium
stratified squamous
4-6mm with everted mucosa

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12
Q

❖Paraurethral glands
❖Branched, tubular glands adjacent to the distal urethra
❖Parallel to the long axis of urethra
❖Ducts open into the area just outside the urethral orifice
❖Largest of paraurethral glands
❖Homologous to male prostate

A

SKENE’S GLAND

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13
Q 
❖May be infected
❖Chronic infection-one or more urethral diverticula;
❖symptoms like UTI
–Frequency
–Urgency
–Dysuria
A

SKENE’S GLAND

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14
Q

❖Vulvovaginal glands at postero ateral aspect of vaginal opening (4:00 & 8:00)
❖Pea-sized pair of lobulated racemous glands
❖Gland of cuboidal epithelium
❖2 cm long ducts are lined by transitional epithelium
❖Ducts open into a groove between hymen & labia minora

A

BARTHOLIN’S GLAND

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15
Q

labia majora homologues to male

A

scrotum

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16
Q

labia minora

A

penile urethra/ skin of penis

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17
Q

clitoris

A

penis

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18
Q

skene’s glands

A

prostate

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19
Q

Bartholin’s gland

A

Cowper’s gland

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20
Q

vestibular bulbs

A

bulb of penis

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21
Q
  • Most common large cystic structure of the vulva

- Cyst may become infected - May develop into abscess

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A

Bartholin’s gland cyst

22
Q

❖Perforated membrane at the entrance of the vagina
❖Variations in structure & shape
❖Stratified squamous epithelium, fibrous tissue & few small blood vessels

23
Q

small tags/ nodules of firm fibrous material as remnants in the adult

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A

Carunculae myrtiformes in Hymen

24
Q

❖Thin-walled, distensible, fibromuscular tube
❖Rugae
❖fornices

25
pelvic support for middle 3rd of Vagina
levator ani muscles and lower portion of the cardinal ligaments
26
pelvic support for upper 3rd of Vagina
upper portions of the cardinal ligaments
27
blood supply of PROXIMAL PORTION of vagina
Vaginal artery-directly from uterine a. or as a branch of the internal iliac artery with anastomosis to cervical branch of uterine artery to form the azygous artery
28
blood supply of POSTERIOR PORTION of vagina
middle rectal artery
29
blood supply of DISTAL WALLS of vagina
internal pudendal artery
30
lymphatic drainage of VAGINA UPPER 1/3 MIDDLE 2/3 LOWER 3RD
- external, internal and common iliac nodes - internal iliac nodes - inguinal lymph nodes
31
❖Thick-walled, hollow, muscular organ | ❖Inverted pear
UTERUS
32
lower uterine segment
Isthmus
33
dome-shaped top of uterus
Fundus
34
❖From the Latin word for neck ❖Shape: cylindrical to conical ❖Consist of fibrous tissue
CERVIX
35
cervix in nulliparous
Small, regular, oval opening
36
cervix in parous
the orifice is converted into a transverse slit that is divided into anterior and posterior lip
37
endocervical canal and glandular structures epithelium
single layer of columnar epithelium
38
ectocervix epithelium
non-keratinized stratified squamous
39
In early pregnancy, cervix is vascular and edematous which produces blue tint and softening characteristics called
Chadwick and Hegar signs
40
Rests in the ovarian fossa of waldeyer
OVARIES
41
ovarian surface epithelium
single layer of cuboida lepithelium -> germinal epithelium
42
ovarian histology
Outer cortex | Inner medulla
43
Extend 8-14 cm from the uterine serosa
FALLOPIAN TUBES
44
FALLOPIAN TUBES artery vein lymphatic
Arterial: terminal branches of the uterine and ovarian arteries Venous: runs parallel to the arterial supply Lymphatic: internal iliac and aortic node
45
majority of Ectopic pregnancies occur in
FT
46
in ectopic pregnancies, catastrophic bleeding occurs when the implantation site is in WHAT SEGMENT of the tube
intramural segment of the tube
47
in female sterilization, where is the preferred site to apply clip
isthmic segment
48
pelvic ligaments
uterosacral round cardinal
49
Important anastomoses of uterine and vaginal venous plexuses
1. Superior rectal v. --> Inferior mesenteric v. --> Portal circulation 2. Lateral sacral v. --> Perivertebral plexus venous --> sinuses of the brain
50
PELVIC INNERVATION arises from what level
T10 - S4
51
innervates the uterus; this actually the level of the spinal cord which is blocked during epidural anesthesia so that the mother would not feel any pain during labor contractions
T10 –L1
52
innervates the cervix, vagina and the vulva
S2 –S4

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