Maths Flashcards

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1
Q

What is quantitative data

A

Data in numbers

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2
Q

Strength of quantitative data

A

Easier to analyse
Data is on numbers which can be summarised using descriptive stats

Easier to draw conclusions

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3
Q

Weakness of quantitative data

A

Can oversimplify human experience as it only suggests simple answers

Does not tell us why

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4
Q

What is qualitative data

A

Data in words or pictures. NOT numbers

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5
Q

Strength of qualitative data

A

Shows the true nature of human behaviour. Not reduced to numbers

Provides rich details

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6
Q

Weakness of qualitative data

A

More difficult to see patterns and draw conclusions

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7
Q

What is primary data

A

Collected by the researcher to use in the current study

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8
Q

Strengths and weakness of primary data

A

+ data collection can be designed to fit the aims of the study

  • lengthy and expensive. Recruiting participants, planning and car eh isn’t out studies take a long time
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9
Q

What is secondary data

A

Data was collected for another purpose e.g. government statistics

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10
Q

Strengths and weakness of secondary data

A

+ simpler, quicker and cheaper to use someone else’s data

+ statistical testing may already tell us whether data is significant

  • data may not exactly fit the the needs of the study
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11
Q

What is nominal data

A

Data is in separate categories

Examples:
Height- tall medium short
Gender
Hair colour
Nationalities

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12
Q

Strength and weakness of nominal data

A

+ easy to generate from closed questions, large amounts of data can be collected quickly

  • no linear scale, participant may be unable to express. Can’t use mode.
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13
Q

What is ordinal data

A

Data is ordered in some way

Example:
Each person lines up in order of height.
Places in a contest or race

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14
Q

Strengths and weakness of ordinal data

A

+ indicates relative values on a linear scale instead of a total, provided more info

  • gaps aren’t equal, so can’t use mean
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15
Q

What is interval data

A

Data is measured using units of equal intervals

Example:
Measuring everyone’s height in cm
IQ tests

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16
Q

Strengths and weakness of interval

A

+ more info as points are directly comparable as they’re all equal. Highly reliable

  • no absolute baseline if scientific methods.
17
Q

What is raw data?

A

Data that hasn’t been processed

18
Q

What is the mean

A

Add them all, then divide by how many there are

19
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of the mean

A

+ represents all of the data

  • highly affected by outliers (piece of data that does not fit the test.)
  • can’t be used on nominal data
20
Q

What’s the median

A

Place numbers from smallest to largest and look for the middle

21
Q

Strengths and weakness of the median

A

+ not affected by outliers

  • does not consider all data
22
Q

What’s the mode

A

The number that is present the most

23
Q

Strengths and weakness of the mode

A

+ not affected by outliers

  • may not be a mode or there’s several modes
24
Q

The Range

A

Highest score - lowest score

25
Q

Strengths and weakness of the range

A

+ easy to calculate

  • affected by extreme values
  • doesn’t really describe the spread of data
26
Q

Variance

A

_
∑ ( x - x )
S2= ———————-
n - 1

27
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of variance

A

+ a precise measurement of spread as all data is used

  • may hide characteristics such as extreme values
  • harder to calculate than the range
28
Q

Standard deviation

A

_
∑ ( x - x )
S2= ———————-
n - 1
But square root answer

29
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of standard deviation

A

+ a precise measure of spread as all data is used

  • may hide characteristics such as extreme values
  • harder to calculate than the range