Matter And Mixtures

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

Is the amount of matter in an object

Question 3

3 states of matter

Answer 3

.Solids

.Liquids

.Gases

Question 4

Properties of solids

Answer 4

1. Solids have a definite shape.
2. Solids have a definite volume.
3. Solids cannot be compressed.
4. Solids cannot flow.

Question 5

Properties of liquids

Answer 5

1. Liquids have no definite shape.
2. Liquids have a definite volume.
3. Liquids cannot be compressed.
4. Liquids can flow.

Question 6

Gases

Answer 6

1. Gases have no definite shape.
2. Gases have no definite volume.
3. Gases can be compressed.
4. Gases can flow.

Question 7

Heat energy

Answer 7

In order for a substance to change state (from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to a gas) it needs heat energy.

Question 8

Latent heat

Answer 8

As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.

Question 9

Melting point

Answer 9

The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together (changing from a solid to a liquid).

Question 10

Boiling point

Answer 10

The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid (changing from a liquid to a gas).

Question 11

Condensation

Answer 11

Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid.

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration E.g. spray perfume in one corner of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the room.

Question 13

Mixture

Answer 13

A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined E.g. sand and water.

There are four methods of separating mixtures:
1. Filtration
2. Evaporation
3. Distillation
4. Chromatography

Question 14

Filtration

Answer 14

Used to separate small insoluble solids (do not dissolve in a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids.

Question 15

Evaporation

Answer 15

Used to separate soluble solids (dissolve in liquids) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids. E.g. salt water.

Question 16

Plasma - fourth state of matter:

Answer 16

Plasma is the fourth state of matter , like gas ,but can conduct electricity.

Question 17

Physical change

Answer 17

no change in particles, just
the particle arrangement and energy, easy to
reverse e.g. mixing water and salt.

Question 18

Chemical change

Answer 18

A chemical reaction takes
place and a new substance is formed, very
difficult to reverse e.g. burning a match

Question 19

During a chemical reaction

Answer 19

During a chemical reaction the atoms
rearrange to form a new substance. Might be
seen by colour change, temperature
change, light being emitted or bubbles.

Question 20

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 20

Matter can be changed from one form to another . During physical and chemical changes, there is no overall change in mass.

Question 21

Distillation

Answer 21

Used to separate two liquids with different boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78 degrees) and water ( boils at 100 degrees). Also used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid (E.g. seawater ) to give a pure sample of each.

Question 22

Chromatography

Answer 22

Used to separate a mixture of dissolved substances in a solution. E.g. the different colours in a black marker.

Question 23

Mixture

Answer 23

consists of two or more
substances mingled together but not
chemically combined

Question 24

Filtration

Answer 24

used to separate an
insoluble solid and a liquid

Question 25

Insoluble

Answer 25

does not dissolve in a liquid

Question 26

Soluble

Answer 26

dissolves in a liquid

Question 27

Residue

Answer 27

the soil left in the filter paper after filtration

Question 28

Filtrate

Answer 28

the clean water that comes after filtration

Question 29

Evaporation

Answer 29

used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid e.g. salt and water

Question 30

Solvent

Answer 30

the liquid that a solid is dissolved into

Question 31

Solute

Answer 31

the solid that is left behind after evaporation

Question 32

Distillation

Answer 32

method of separation used to separate a soluble solid and its solvent, or two miscible liquids with different boiling points

Question 33

Miscible

Answer 33

Liquids that mix together e.g. alcohol and water

Question 34

Liebig condenser

Answer 34

piece of equipment used in distillation in which cool water flows to condense steam to water

Question 35

Distillate

Answer 35

clean water at the end of distillation

Question 36

Chromatography

Answer 36

used to separate mixtures of substances that are in a solution e.g. dyes in ink

Question 37

Chromatogram

Answer 37

chromatography paper with separated ink

Question 38

Reactant

Answer 38

chemicals that react together in a chemical reaction

Question 39

Products

Answer 39

the substances formed after a chemical reaction