maturation

Question 1

What is Growth?

Answer 1

change in body size. physique and body composition

Question 2

What is maturation?

Answer 2

tempo or timing or progress to adulthood

Question 3

What is development?

Answer 3

qualitative changes in functional capacity

Question 4

How is physical maturity measured?

Answer 4

• skeletal age
• secondary sex characteristics
• age at menarche
• endocrine markers
• somatic growth

Question 5

What is puberty?

Answer 5

biological process child to adult capable of sexual reproduction

accompanied by physical,hormonal, neurobiological and psycho-behabioural changes

Question 6

puberty timing?

Answer 6

varies but 2 years earlier in girls

Question 7

maturity timing and athlete selection

Answer 7

sports/positions favour certain maturation characteristics

athlete within sports display similar physical characteristics and maturity timing

Question 8

What did Malina 2002 say about male selection in sports?

Answer 8

favours early maturing males

talent yet late maturing males overlooked

Question 9

What did Malina 2002 say about female selection in sports

Answer 9

size/strength etc- on time/early

endurance/ aesthetics- on time/late

Question 10

What did Cumming et al 2012 say about direct and indirect effects of maturation and selection socialisation?

Answer 10

direct- physical changes associated with maturation result in superior performance

indirect- athletes interpretation of pubertal changes
-social management of puberty

Question 11

Malina et al 2004 did a portugeuse football study saying?

Answer 11

60% squad penultimate stage of puberty

forwards and defenders most mature, heaviest, tallest etc

maturity predicts 20-50% of performance

Question 12

Institute of youth sports 2007 formed the relative age effect saying

Answer 12

greater proportion of male athletes been early school year

no RAE in females

Question 13

Bloom 1985 states indirect social manage effects of puberty as

Answer 13

• body holds stimulus value for athletes
• physical attributes ditch coaches favouritism
• selection may be formal or informal

Question 14

Cumming et al 2011 said early maturing females feel

Answer 14

less attractive, sports competence, physical fit, despite being stronger

Question 15

Monsma e al 2006 stated that post-monarchal skaters reported

Answer 15

higher social physique anxiety, body dissatisfaction, concerns of fatness and less sport competence

Question 16

Hartley 1987 found formal selection of young gymnasts was determined by (4)

Answer 16

1) morphology and health
2) physical and psychological ability
3) response to instruction; physical improvement and psychological assessment
4) formal training and competition

Question 17

Cumming et al 2005 found treatment of heavier gymnasts to be

Answer 17

• less encouraging
• more punitive
• more likely to ignore mistakes
• less communication
• less likeable

Question 18

Cumming et al 2017 came up with

Answer 18

biobanding

Question 19

Cumming et al 2015 used biobanding and found

Answer 19

• coaches and players rated tournament as beneficial to learning/performance
• focus groups suggested competition encouraged creative, technical and less physical style of play

Question 20

Lloyd and Oliver 2012 found biobanding

Answer 20

increased training effects and safety

Question 21

Blanchard 2015 found biobanding reduced

Answer 21

overuse injuries

Question 22

Gibbs et al 2012 came up with

Answer 22

underdog effect

Question 23

Wheeler et al 2015 suggested late maturing players

Answer 23

report higher levels of grit

Question 24

Searle et al 2016 reported late maturing players

Answer 24

possess more adaptive self regulation skills

Question 25

who reported players possess more adaptive self regulation skills?

Answer 25

Searle et al 2016

Question 26

who reported late maturing players had high levels of grit?

Answer 26

Wheeler 2015

Question 27

who divised underdog hypothesis?

Answer 27

gibbs et al 2012

Question 28

who found biobnading reduces overuse injures?

Answer 28

bianchard 2015

Question 29

who found biobanding increased training effect and increased safety

Answer 29

lloyd and oliver 2012

Question 30

who found biobanding increase players and coaches learning/performance rating of tournament

Answer 30

Cumming et al 2015

Question 31

who defined biobanding?

Answer 31

Cumming et al 2017

Question 32

Who suggested taller gymnasts were treated by coaches as -less encouraged by coaches -more punitive more likely to ignore mistakes -less communicative in general -less likeable

Answer 32

Cumming et al 2005

Question 33

Who came up with formal selection of athletes findings

Answer 33

Hartley 1987

Question 34

Who found early maturing females felt less attractive, sports competence, less physical fit yet stronger?

Answer 34

Cumming et al 2011

Question 35

Who reported post-menarcheal skaters reporting higher social physique anxiety?

Answer 35

Monsma et al 2006

Question 36

Who came up with athletes social management of puberty? saying body holds stimulus value for athletes coaches and official

Answer 36

bloom 1985

Question 37

who came up with Relative age effect?

Answer 37

Institute of youth sports 2007

Question 38

who studied portugeuse under 16

Answer 38

Malina et al 2004

Question 39

Who talked about direct and indirect of maturation and athlete socialisation

Answer 39

Cumming et al 2012

Question 40

who discussed athlete selection in males and females based on maturation status

Answer 40

Malina 2002

Question 41

who said sports positions favour specific maturation status

Answer 41

Malina 2004