mc Structure Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from prokaryotic cells.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The control center of the cell that contains the cell’s DNA and is enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
What is the nucleolus?
Dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
Network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm.
What distinguishes Rough ER from Smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface; involved in protein synthesis. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
Stack of flattened membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to targeted destinations.
What are mitochondria known as?
The powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration and energy (ATP) production.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis and contains the pigment chlorophyll.
What are lysosomes?
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
What is the role of peroxisomes?
Organelles involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances.
What is the cytoskeleton?
Network of protein filaments (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) that provides structural support and shape to the cell, and aids in intracellular transport.
What is the plasma membrane?
A lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the cell wall in fungi and algae composed of?
Composed of chitin in fungi and cellulose in algae.
What are cilia?
Short, hair-like structures used for movement or sensing the environment.
What are flagella?
Long, whip-like structures used for locomotion.
What are 80S ribosomes?
Larger ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells (composed of 60S and 40S subunits) involved in protein synthesis.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.
