Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > MCM- TCA Cycle > Flashcards

MCM- TCA Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What precursors can be broken down into Acetyl CoA

A

Fats, Polysaccharides, Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the high energy bond in Acetyl CoA

A

SCoA bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What carrier takes pyruvate into the mitochondria

A

Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which enzyme decarboxylates Pyruvate

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Pyruvate get Decarboxylated into

A

Acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Pyruvate give off when getting Decarboxylated

A

NADH and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In a Phosphatase Deficiency what happens to the PDC

A

Is always phosphorylated and inactivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens when the PDC is inactivated

A

Constant Lactic Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does constant lactic Acidosis occur when the PDC is inactivated

A

Pyruvate gets turned into Lactate more favorably because Pyruvate cannot be Decarboxylated to Acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which area of the body is most affected by constant Lactic Acidosis

A

The CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Negatively regulates PDC

A

ATP
Acetyl-CoA
NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What Positively regulates PDC

A

ADP

Pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What Positively Regulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase

A

Calcium
And
Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Positively Regulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase

A

Acetyl CoA
NADH
ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Negatively Regulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase

A

Acetyl CoA
NADH
ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What Negatively Regulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase

A

Pyruvate
CoA
NAD+
ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase do to the PDC

A

Phosphorylates it; De-Activating the Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase do to the PDC

A

Dephosphorylates it; activating the Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which 3 steps of the TCA Cycle are regulated

A

Steps 1,3, and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which is the rate limiting step of the TCA Cycle

A

Step 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is step one of the TCA Cycle

A

Acetyl-CoA and Oxaloacetate Condensation to Citrate via Citrate Synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the second step of the TCA Cycle

A

Citrate to Isocitrate via Aconitase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the third step of the TCA Cycle

A

Isocitrate to Alpha-Ketoglutarate via Isocitrate dehydrogenase; at this point an NADH and CO2 are produced, this is the rate limiting step of the TCA Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the fourth step of the TCA Cycle

A

Alpha-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA via Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; at this point NADH and CO2 are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the fifth step of the TCA Cycle

A

Succinyl-CoA to Succinate via Succinate Thiokinase; at this point GTP is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the sixth step of the TCA Cycle

A

Succinate to Fumarate; at this point FADH2 is produced

27
Q

What is the seventh step of the TCA Cycle

A

Fumarate to Malate

28
Q

What is the eighth step of the TCA Cycle

A

Malate to Oxaloacetate; at this point NADH is produced

29
Q

What is the overall Production of the TCA Cycle

A

2 CO2
1 FADH2
1 GTP
3 NADH

30
Q

What are two major Anaplerotic Reactions that can replenish intermediates for the TCA Cycle

A
  1. Degradation of Amino Acids

2. Carboxylation of Pyruvate

31
Q

Which TCA Cycle intermediate can leave to go through Gluconeogenesis

A

Malate

32
Q

Which TCA Cycle intermediate can leave to go through Fatty Acid Synthesis

A

Citrate; also inhibits Glycolysis

33
Q

How many membranes do Mitochondria have

A

2

34
Q

Where does the Oxidative Phosphorylation take place

A

In the mitochondrial Intermembrane Space

35
Q

Where foes most of the TCA Cycle and Fatty Acid Oxidation take place

A

The Mitochondrial Matrix

36
Q

Where does the oxidant always go in a redox reaction

A

wherever the electrons are in the equation

37
Q

The Electric Transport Chain has a by product of RNS and ROS species, what happens to them if overproduced

A

Damage the cells around them

38
Q

3 Key goals of the Oxidative Phosphorylation

A
  1. To transfer electrons from NADH + FADH2 to O2 forming H20
  2. To establish a proton gradient across the inner membrane mitochondrial membrane
  3. To synthesize ATP
39
Q

Proton motor force is driven via the pumping of H+ ions from____ to the ____ ______ _____

A

Mitochondrial Matrix; inner-mitochondrial space

40
Q

What are two factors that drive the Proton Motor Force in Complex 5

A
  1. pH Gradient

2. Membrane Potential

41
Q

What inhibitor disrupts proton transport through the Complex 5 ATPsynthase channel

A

Oligomyacin

42
Q

How many Hydrogen Protons do you need to make one mole of ATP

A

4; 3 to create the gradient and one to pass through

43
Q

What are the steps of the Respiratory Chain

A

Complex 1 and Complex 2 give electrons to Ubiquinone
Ubiquinone gives electrons to Complex 3
Complex 3 gives electrons to Cycle-chrome C
Cytochrome C gives electron to Complex 4
Complex 4 reduces O2 to H20

44
Q

Which are the Mobile Carriers of the Respiratory Chain

A

Ubiquinone

Cytochrome-C

45
Q

Where is Ubiquinone in the Respiratory Chain

A

Embedded into the lipid membrane

46
Q

Where is Cytochrome C in the Respiratory Chain

A

In the Intermembrane Space

47
Q

Which mobile carrier can be released when the Mitochondria is unhealthy

A

Cytochrome C

48
Q

What inhibits Complex 1 of the ETC

A

Amytal
Rotenone
Myxothiazol
Piercidin A

49
Q

What inhibits Complex 2 of the ETC

A

Malonate

50
Q

What inhibits Complex 3 of the ETC

A

Antimycin

51
Q

What inhibits Complex 4 of the ETC

A

CO- Carbon Monoxide
Cyanide
H2S

52
Q

What inhibits Complex 5 of the ETC

A

Oligomycin

53
Q

What is another name of Complex 5 of the ETC

A

ATPsynthase

54
Q

What inhibits the formation of the proton gradient of the ETC

A

Dinitrophenol; DNP

55
Q

What happens to the proton gradient if it is disrupted

A

Protons enter the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space

56
Q

What happens if the protons enter the intermembrane space; (3)

A
  1. TCA Cycle and Electron to O2 are accelerated
  2. ATP Synthase is inhibited
  3. Heat Generation
57
Q

How do Electrons enter the Mitochondria

A

Malate-Aspartate Shuttle

58
Q

Why is the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle important

A

Because NADH cannot enter the Mitochondria

59
Q

What is the goal of the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle

A

Move the electrons from NADH to Malate, cross the Mitochondrial Outter and Inner membrane. Once inside the inner membrane add electrons to NAD+

60
Q

Where do the electrons go once NADH has been re-made inside of the mitochondria

A

Complex-1

61
Q

What happens to the Malate inside the Mitochondria

A

Converted to Oxaloacetate and then Aspartate; which is transported outside the cell

62
Q

Where does the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle Operate

A

Heart, Liver, and Kidneys

63
Q

What is the goal of the Glycerophosphate Shuttle

A

Get the electrons from FADH2 into the Mitochondria via Glycerol-3-P

64
Q

Where do the electrons from FADH2 join the ETC

A

CoQ; Ubiquinone

Biochemistry (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions