MCN Flashcards
1
Q
FRAMEWORK: The primary goal of MCN
A
Promotion and maintenance of optimal family health
2
Q
FRAMEWORK: the 4 philosophies of MCN
A
- Family-centered
- Community centered
- Evidence-based
- Challenging role for nurses
3
Q
FRAMEWORK: MCN can be visualized within a framework in which nurses use the:
A
- Nursing Process
- Nursing Theory and
- Quality and Safety Education for Nurses ( QSEN )
- Four Phases of Health Care
4
Q
FRAMEWORK: What are the 4 phases of health care?
A
- Health Promotion
- Health Maintenance
- Health Restoration
- Health Rehabilitation
5
Q
FRAMEWORK:
1) a scientific form of solving a nursing problem.
2) serves as the basis for assessing, formulating a nursing diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluating care.
A
Nursing Process
6
Q
FRAMEWORK: are designed to offer helpful ways to view patients so nursing activities can be created to best meet patient’s needs
A
Nursing Theories
7
Q
FRAMEWORK:
1) the goal of this QSEN is to address the challenge of preparing future nurses with the abilities necessary
2) to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems in which they work
A
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
8
Q
FRAMEWORK: QSEN Competencies Required for MCN
A
- Patient-Centered
- Teamwork & Collaboration
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Quality Improvement
- Safety
- Informatics
9
Q
FRAMEWORK:
- the systematic investigation of problems that have implications for nursing practice usually carried out by nurses.
- ________ can influence nursing practice
A
Nursing Research
10
Q
FEMALE REPRO: process that permits two living beings to produce a third one that is different from each of them.
A
PROCREATION
11
Q
FEMALE REPRO:
- is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced.
- The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and asexual.
A
REPRODUCTION
12
Q
FEMALE REPRO:
- an individual can reproduce without involvement with another individual of that species.
A
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
13
Q
FEMALE REPRO:
1) Requires the involvement of two individuals, typically one of each sex.
2) During production in humans, each parent transmits to the child one of the two copies of his or her genetic material, located on the
parent’s 23 pairs of chromosomes.
A
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
14
Q
FEMALE REPRO: The external genetalia is collectively called ______
A
Vulva (Pudenda)
15
Q
FEMALE REPRO: fatty pad over the symphysis pubis; cushions & protects pubic bone
A
Mons Pubis (mons veneris)
16
Q
FEMALE REPRO: longitudinal folds of pigmented skin extending from mons pubis to the perineum; covered with thick, curly hair; Escutcheon
A
Labia Majora (labium majus)
17
Q
FEMALE REPRO: hairless folds of tissue within the labia majora, extending from clitoris to the fourchette
A
Labia Minora (smaller lips)
18
Q
FEMALE REPRO:
- small ( approx 1-2 cm ) rounded organ of erectile tissue at the upper end of labia minora
A
Clitoris
19
Q
FEMALE REPRO: Skin covering of the clitoris
A
prepuce
20
Q
FEMALE REPRO: epidermal secretion with strong odor
A
Smegma
21
Q
FEMALE REPRO: - almond-shape space between the labia minora, clitoris and fourchette
A
Vestibule
22
Q
FEMALE REPRO: The vestibule contains
A
urethral meatus
vaginal introitus
hymen
23
Q
FEMALE REPRO: The urethral meatus contains the
A
Skene’s glands (paraurethral glands)
24
Q
FEMALE REPRO: The vaginal introitus contains the
A
Bartholin’s glands (vulvovaginal glands)
25
FEMALE REPRO: Thin fold of tissue formed where labia minora meet and the site of episiotomy
Fourchette
26
FEMALE REPRO: How long is the vagina
(8-12 cm) 4cm diameter
27
FEMALE REPRO: Space surrounding the cervix
Fornix
28
FEMALE REPRO: Keeps the vagina acidic
Doderlein's bacilli
29
FEMALE REPRO: What are the three functions of the vagina
1. Organ of copulation
2. Passage in delivery & menstrual blood
3. Secretory duct during menstruation
30
FEMALE REPRO: aka the womb; pear-shaped, hollow muscular organ anteverted, directed forward 7-8 cm long
Uterus
31
FEMALE REPRO: How long is the uterus?
7-8 cm
32
FEMALE REPRO: Three functions of the uterus
1. menstruation
2. environment for pregnancy
3. labor & delivery
33
FEMALE REPRO: Three layers of the uterus
Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium
34
FEMALE REPRO: Main part of the uterus, forms bulk of muscles
Corpus (body)
35
FEMALE REPRO: The uppermost part of the uterus
fundus
36
FEMALE REPRO: In the cervix, it joins the corpus to the cervix & contains uterine canal.
Isthmus
37
FEMALE REPRO: forms the main opening of the uterus
cervix
38
FEMALE REPRO: how long is the cervix?
2-4 cm
39
FEMALE REPRO: a plug that fills and seals the cervical canal during pregnancy.
Operculum
40
FEMALE REPRO: Part of the cervix that opens into the uterine cavity.
internal os
41
FEMALE REPRO: part of the cervix that opens into the uterine cavity.
external os
42
UTERINE LIGAMENTS:
2 wing-like structures that extends from the lateral margin to the uterus to
the pelvic walls
BROAD
43
UTERINE LIGAMENTS: 2 fibrous cords from the uterine walls that helps hold the uterus in its forward position
ROUND
44
UTERINE LIGAMENTS: 2 cord-like folds of the peritoneum from the lower cervix to the sacrum.
UTEROSACRAL
45
UTERINE LIGAMENTS: Mackenrodt’s Ligaments (or Cardinal Ligaments)
TRANSVERSE
46
FALLOPIAN TUBE: aka "salphinges"
FALLOPIAN TUBES
47
FALLOPIAN TUBE:
part of tube that lies in the uterine wall
INTERSTATIAL
48
FALLOPIAN TUBE: part that is cut or sealed during tubal ligation; attach tube to uterus
ISTHMUS
49
FALLOPIAN TUBE: site of fertilization
AMPULLA
50
FALLOPIAN TUBE:
- most distal portion
- its funnel-shaped opening encircled.
INFUNDIBULUM
51
finger-like projections which anchor the ovary to the fallopian tube
FIMBRIAE
52
female gonads; the sex glands sized and shaped like almonds.
OVARIES
53
Hormones the ovaries secretes
estrogen and progesterone
54
PELVIS: The bones that make up the pelvis
1) ilium
2) ischium
3) pubis
55
PELVIS: wedge shaped, forms the back part of the pelvis
SACRUM
56
PELVIS: larger, shallow, lies above the inlet, aids in supporting abdominal viscera
FALSE PELVIS
57
PELVIS: low, deep
TRUE PELVIS
58
PELVIS: the pronounced line separating the greater and lesser pelvis, formed by the sacral promontory, the arcuate line, the pectineal line, and the pubic crest.
Linea Terminalis
59
PELVIS:
- anterior sacral promontory to the INFERIOR margin of symphysis pubis
- measurement: ______
Diagonal conjugate; 12.5 – 13 cm
60
PELVIS:
- Conjugate Vera
- from anterior sacral promontory to the SUPERIOR margin of symphysis pubis
- measurement: _____
True conjugate; 11 – 11.5 cm
61
PELVIS:
- Sacral promontory to INNER SURFACE of symphysis pubis
- measurement: ______
Obstetric Conjugate; 10.5 - 11 cm
62
PELVIS:
- distance between ischial spines
- measurement: ______
Biischial diameter; 10cm
63
PELVIS:
- transverse diameter of outlet
- measurement: ______
Tuberischial diameter; 8cm
64
Name the ff. parts of the mammary glands:
1) milk-producing cells: ______
2) collecting duct/ lactiferous duct
3) storage: ______
4) nipples
5) areola: _____
1) Acini Cells
3) Lactiferous sinus
5) Montgomery's Tubercles
65
1) _____ - hormone for milk _____
2) _____ - hormone for milk _____
1) prolactin; production
2) oxytocin; expression
66
MALE REPRO:
- area over symphysis pubis
MONS PUBIS
67
MALE REPRO: The penile shaft contains two corpuses:
corpus spongiosum & corpus cavernosa
68
MALE REPRO:
- wrinkled pouch of thin skin, covering a tight muscle
- protects the testes from trauma and changes in temperature
SCROTUM
69
MALE REPRO: Temp. of the testes must not go _____
2 degrees lower than body temp.
70
MALE REPRO: aka as male sex glands or gonads
TESTES
71
MALE REPRO: Size of the testes
2-3 cm
72
MALE REPRO:
1) _____ - site of spermatogenesis
2) _____ - secretes testosterone
3) _____ - provide nourishment to the sperm
1) semineferous tubules
2) Leydig’s / interstitial cells
3) Sertoli cells
73
MALE REPRO:
1) storage site for maturing sperm
2) approx. _____ long
3) it absorbs about _____ of the fluid secreted by the testis
4) sperm remain stored here for _____ and are absorbed if not ejaculated prior to that time.
1) EPIDIDYMIS
2) 20FT. LONG
3) 90%
4) 40-60 DAYS
74
MALE REPRO:
- Passage way for sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicles
Vas deferens/Ductus deferens
75
MALE REPRO:
- allows the sperm to enter the urethra and then exit the body
- passes the prostate gland
Ejaculatory duct
76
MALE REPRO: The 3 accessory organs of the Male Repro.
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland
77
MALE REPRO:
- located along the lower posterior surface of the bladder
- _____ semen produced
seminal vesicles; 30%
78
MALE REPRO:
- surrounds the prostatic urethra
- _____ semen produced
prostate gland; 60%
79
MALE REPRO:
- aka _____ gland
- located below the prostate
- _____ semen production
Cowper’s gland; 5%
80
MALE REPRO:
- passageway for urine and semen
- _____ hollow tube
URETHRA, 18-20cm
81
MALE REPRO:
- thick, whitish fluid ejaculated by the man during orgasm
- mixture of secretion from epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral gland.
SEMEN
82
MALE REPRO: Normal sperm count
50-120 million/ml
83
MALE REPRO: Infertility sperm count
<20-25 million/ml
84
MALE REPRO:
- produced by the prostate and seminal vesicles
- stimulate peristaltic contractions of the female reproductive tract that may help draw semen into the uterus.
Prostaglandins
85
MALE REPRO:
- is a base that reduces acidity of the female vagina, increasing the survival rate of sperm.
Spermine
86
MALE REPRO:
- Initiated by sympathetic nerve impulses
EJACULATION
87
MALE REPRO: How many sperms reach their destination?
100 sperms
88
MALE REPRO:
- a period following ejaculation and lasting anywhere from 10 minutes to a few hours
REFRACTORY PERIOD
89
PHYSIOLOGY: periodic shedding of blood, mucus & epithelial cells from uterus
MENSTRUATION
90
PHYSIOLOGY: Time between the beginning of one period & beginning of next period.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
91
PHYSIOLOGY: 4 structures involved
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, uterus
92
PHYSIOLOGY: the hypothalamus releases ____
GnRH
93
PHYSIOLOGY: produces a majority of all hormones in the Pituitary Gland
Adenohypophysis
94
PHYSIOLOGY: yellow body produces lutein which is rich with Progesterone
Corpus luteum
95
PHYSIOLOGY: If unfertilized the corpus luteum turns into _____
corpus albicans
96
PHYSIOLOGY:
o immediately after menstrual flow, first 4-5 days of the cycle
o also called Estrogenic, Follicular, or Postmenstrual.
First Phase (Proliferative)
97
PHYSIOLOGY:
o 6-14 days
o also termed as Progestational, Luteal, Premenstrual.
o the lining of the endometrium is rich with capillaries and spongy layers
Second Phase (Secretory)
98
PHYSIOLOGY:
o 15-28 days
o at 8- 10 days, the corpus luteum begins to regress
o the endometrium of the uterus begins to degenerate (app. at day 24 or 25 of the cycle)
o Capillaries rupture
Third Phase (Ischemic)
99
PHYSIOLOGY:
o actual menstrual flow - which is the end of a defined menstrual cycle
o the only external marker of the cycle,
Fourth Phase (Menses)
100
PHYSIOLOGY: The measure of average menstrual flow
30-80 ml
101
PHYSIOLOGY: The Average flow of menstrual blood
2-7 days
102
PHYSIOLOGY: marks end of reproductive life as a result of estrogen depletion
menopause
103
PHYSIOLOGY: transitional period during which ovarian function & hormonal production decline (35y/o)
climacteric
104
PHYSIOLOGY:
- expulsion of an ovum from the ovary on spontaneous rupture of a mature follicle as a result of cyclic ovarian and pituitary endocrine function.
- It usually occurs on the fourteenth day after the first day of the last menstrual period and often causes brief, sharp lower abdominal pain on the side of the ovulating ovary
OVULATION
105
WOMEN
* vaginal lubrication
* vaginal barrel lengthens and distends
* cervix and fundus are pulled upward
* clitoris increase in size
MEN
* erection
* scrotal skin becomes congested and thick
BOTH there is an increase HR, RR and BP
EXCITEMENT - 1st phase
106
WOMEN
* clitoris retracts under the hood
* vagina becomes greatly engorged along with labia minora
MEN
* pre-orgasmic emission
* testes continues to elevate until they are situated close to the body to facilitate ejaculatory pressure
PLATEAU – 2nd stage; the entry & coitus phase
107
WOMEN
* strong vaginal contractions
* (8-15 contractions at interval of 0.8’’ )
MEN
* occurrence of ejaculation (3-7 propulsive ejaculatory contractions at same interval with women)
* shortest stage of sexual response cycle
ORGASM - 3rd stage climax
108
WOMEN
* female has no refractory period
MEN
* REFRACTORY PERIOD: ( 30 min )
RESOLUTION - 4th stage - phase of relaxation
109
PREGNANCY: a woman who is or has been pregnant
Gravida
110
PREGNANCY: a woman who is pregnant for the first time
Primigravida
111
PREGNANCY: a woman who has given birth to one child past age of viability
Para
112
PREGNANCY: a woman who has been pregnant previously
Primipara
113
PREGNANCY: a woman who has carried five or more pregnancies
Grand multipara
114
PREGNANCY: a woman who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability
Multipara
115
PREGNANCY: a woman who has never been and is not currently pregnant
Nulliparous
116
PREGNANCY: The ff. are known as:
o Amenorrhea – no menstrual cycle
o Fatigue
o Uterine Enlargement
o Nausea & Vomiting
o Breast changes
o Urinary Frequency
o Darkening of face, breast and abdomen (chloasma, linea negra, stria gravidarum)
o Quickening
Presumptive Signs
117
PREGNANCY:
o Uterine changes: Chadwicks, Goodell’s, Hegar’s,
o Enlargement of uterus
o Ballottement
o Pregnancy Test
o Braxton Hicks
Probable Signs
118
PREGNANCY:
o Demonstration of a fetal heart separate from the mother’s
o Heart -Starts to beat as early as 24th day
o FHB - Audible at 10th to 12th week by doppler, 18th to 24th week by stet at 120-160 beats/ min.
o Other sounds: Funic Souffle and uterine Souffle
o Fetal movements felt by an examiner
o Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound
o Fetal Outline and Movement: UTZ and X-ray shows fetal skeleton 14th to 20th week of pregnancy.
Positive Signs
119
PREGNANCY:
o Ambivalence
o Fear
o fantasies about motherhood & about having a “dreamchild”
o possible decrease in sex drive
Tasks:
o accepting the pregnancy
o “I am pregnant”
First trimester
120
PREGNANCY:
o alternate feelings of emotional well-being and lability
o acceptance of pregnancy
o possible increase in sex drive
o adjustment to change in body image
TASK:
o accepting the fetus
o “A baby is growing inside me”
SECOND TRIMESTER
121
PREGNANCY:
o feelings of awkwardness & clumsiness
o fears & tension about labor
o spurt of energy during the last month.
TASK:
o preparing for parenthood
o preparing the baby and end of pregnancy
o arranging for infant’s care
o developing economic patterns
o reevaluation of household assignments
o acquisition of knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth and parenthood
o expectant Father
THIRD TRIMESTER
122
PREGNANCY: precolostrums can be expressed from nipples as early as
12th-14th weeks
123
PREGNANCY: During pregnancy, the uterus enlarges to _____
50 to 1000 grams
124
PREGNANCY: whitish, viscous vaginal discharge or an increase in the amount of normal vaginal secretions.
Leukorrhea
125
PREGNANCY:
o increase in blood volume
o increase in cardiac output
o varicosities
o ______ – rise slowly from supine
o edema of lower extremities
o palpitations
o physiologic anemia
o increase in WBC, fibrinogen
o heart rate increases 10- 15 beats / min.
Cardiovascular System; supine hypotension
126
PREGNANCY:
o increase O2 demand
o dyspnea
o displacement of the diaphragm
o nasal stuffiness & or congestion
Respiratory System
127
PREGNANCY:
o morning sickness and pyrosis
o ptyalism
o softening of gums
o pica
o constipation
Gastrointestinal System
128
PREGNANCY:
o urinary stasis
o urinary frequency
o asymptomatic bacteriuria
o reduced bladder tone
Urinary System
129
PREGNANCY:
o _____ aka (pride of pregnancy)
o characteristics waddle
o _____ – overstretching & separation of the abdominal vasculature.
Musculoskeletal System; Lordosis; diastasis recti
130
PREGNANCY:
o chloasma/melasma
o linea nigra
o striae gravidarum
o erythematous changes on palms and face
o diaphoresis
Integumentary System
131
PREGNANCY:
o secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum during the first 3 months
o slight hyperthyroidism and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
o increased size of parathyroid
o increased melanocyte stimulating hormone
o addition of the placenta as an endocrine gland
o gradual increase of Insulin
o increase BMR
o suppression of FSH/LH
o increase production of growth hormone
o production of Oxytocin late in pregnancy
o production of Prolactin
Endocrine System
132
PREGNANCY:
o group of physiological & behavioral manifestation experienced by the husband
o are often the result of stress, anxiety & empathy for the pregnant women
COUVADE SYNDROME
133
STAGES OF DEV: The 3 periods of fetal development and their weeks.
1. Preembryonic (1-2 weeks)
2. Embryonic (3-7weeks)
3. Fetal (8 weeks)
134
STAGES OF DEV:
1) _____ - from ovulation to fertilization
2) Zygote - from _____
3) _____ - from implantation to 5- 8 weeks
4) Fetus - from ______
5) _____ - developing embryo and placental structures throughout pregnancy
1) Ovum
2) fertilization to implantation
3) Embryo
4) 5-8 weeks until term
5) Conceptus
135
STAGES OF DEV:
- ovum moves to the ampulla by means of peristaltic movement
- sperms move into the ampulla by means of their tail
Prefertilization
136
STAGES OF DEV: physiologic removal of the acrosome
capacitation
137
STAGES OF DEV:
- proteolytic enzyme released by the ______
- acts to dissolve layer of cells protecting the ovum
HYALURONIDASE; spermatozoa
138
STAGES OF DEV:
* _____ – cells that encircles the zona pellucida
* _____ – protective covering of the ovum
corona radiata; zona pellucida
139
STAGES OF DEV: ovum becomes impenetrable to other sperm
zona reaction
140
STAGES OF DEV: fertilization is never a certain occurrence because it depends on at least three separate factors:
1) equal maturation of both sperms and ovum
2) ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
3) ability of the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane and achieve fertilization
141
STAGES OF DEV:
1) life span of ovum – _____
2) life span of sperm – _____
1) 24-48 hours
2) 48-72 hours
142
STAGES OF DEV: How many autosomes and sex chromosomes are needed for sex determination?
22 autosomes, 1 (x or y in males) sex chromosome (from each sex)
143
STAGES OF DEV:
o fertilized ovum to implantation
o single cell, the product of fertilization
Zygote
144
STAGES OF DEV: Takes 8-10 days after fertilization; the process wherein the zygote burrows into the endometrium.
Implantation
145
STAGES OF DEV:
a) ______ – 2nd day
b) ______ – 3rd day
c) ______ - 4th day
a) blastomere
b) morula
c) blastocyst
146
STAGES OF DEV:
1) the blastocyst brushes against the uterine endometrium called _____
2) then attaches to endometrium called _____
3) and finally settles down into the soft folds of the endometrium called _____
1) apposition
2) adhesion
3) invasion
147
FETAL STRUCTURES:
because of the influence of human chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG), a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells, the corpus Luteum continues to function after fertilization. The endometrium, instead of sloughing off, continues to grow
in thickness and vascularity. It is now called _____
Decidua
148
FETAL STRUCTURES:
o fingerlike projections that reach out from the trophoblast cells
into the uterine endometrium to begin formation of the
placenta.
o this is about the _____ day after fertilization
o at term nearly ___ are formed
CHORIONIC VILLI
11th or 12th day
200
149
FETAL STRUCTURES:
first hormone to be produced by placenta
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
150
FETAL STRUCTURES:
1) both growth-promoting and with lactogenic properties (milk producing)
2) regulates maternal glucose, protein and fat levels to ensure adequate amount of these are always available to the
fetus.
Human Placental Lactogen
151
FETAL STRUCTURES:
1. _____ - is a connection between the umbilical vein & ascending vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver.
2. _____ - a connection between the pulmonary trunk & aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs.
3. _____ - is an opening between the right & left atria during fetal life, also bypassing the fetal lungs.
1. DUCTUS VENOSUS
2. DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
3. FORAMEN OVALE
