MCN Flashcards by john yap

What is the Primary Goal of MCN?

-To promote and maintain optimal family health
To promote and maintain optimal family health

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Goal of MCN?

To promote health for the next generation

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Scope of MCN?

Preconception healthcare
* Care of women during three trimesters of pregnancy
and the puerperium (the 6 weeks after childbirth).
* Care of infants during the perinatal period (the time
span beginning at 20 weeks of pregnancy to 4 weeks
[28 days] after birth).
* Care of children from birth through late adolescence.
* Care in a variety of hospital and home care settings

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Is MCN family centered? true or false?

True

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Is MCN community centered? true or false?

True

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Is MCN evidence based? true or false?

True

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Maternal Role Attainment was founded by which theorist?

Romana Mercer

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What are the Stages of Maternal Role Attainment?

1.Anticipatory
2.Formal
3.Informal
4.Personal

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Ensuring high-quality prenatal care can help
expectant mothers in the Philippines prepare for their
maternal role. This includes educating them about pregnancy,
childbirth, and infant care, which aligns with the anticipatory
stage of Mercer’s theory.

Prenatal Care

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: Providing support to new mothers
through community health programs can help them transition
through the formal and informal stages of maternal role
attainment. This support can include home visits by nurses,
breastfeeding support groups, and parenting classes.

Postnatal Care

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Understanding and integrating cultural
practices and beliefs into maternal care can enhance the
personal stage of maternal role attainment. In the Philippines,
where family and community play a significant role, involving
extended family members in the care process can be
beneficial.
©LPD

Cultural Sensitivity

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The theory is also applicable to
nontraditional mothers, such as adoptive or foster
mothers, who may need additional support to develop a
strong maternal identity. Programs tailored to these
mothers can help them bond with their children and feel
confident in their maternal role.

NonTraditional mothers

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Ongoing research and
education on maternal role attainment can help
healthcare providers in the Philippines better support
mothers. Studies, such as those conducted at the
University of the Philippines, highlight the importance of
prenatal care and maternal-fetal attachment

Research and Education

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Who founded the “Maternal Identity” Theory

Reva Rubin

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➢ Emotional Support: Nurses can provide emotional
support to expectant mothers, helping them
navigate the psychological changes and anxieties
associated with pregnancy.
➢ Education: Educating mothers about the physical and
emotional changes during pregnancy can help them
prepare for motherhood.

Antepartum Care

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➢ Labor Support: Integrating Rubin’s framework with
social support theory, nurses can offer continuous
support during labor, which has been shown to
improve labor outcomes.
➢ Empathy and Communication: Effective
communication and empathy are crucial during labor
to help mothers feel understood and supported.

Intrapartum Care

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➢ Facilitating Maternal Role Attainment: Nurses can
assist new mothers in bonding with their infants and
developing confidence in their maternal role.
➢ Support Groups: Encouraging participation in
support groups can help mothers share experiences
and gain support from others in similar situations.

Postpartum Care

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➢ Preterm Births: Nurses can provide specialized
support to mothers of preterm infants, helping them
navigate the unique challenges and emotional stress
associated with preterm births.
➢ Mothers of Infants with Health Issues: Tailored
support and education for mothers of infants with
anomalies or chronic illnesses can help them cope
and develop a strong maternal identity

Special Situations

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Who founded the “Adaptation Model”?

Sis Calista Roy

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In this mode, the goal of coping is to have a
sense of unity, meaning the purposefulness in
the universe, and a sense of identity integrity.
This includes body image and self-ideals.

Self Concept Group Identity Mode

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This mode focuses on the primary, secondary,
and tertiary roles that a person occupies in
society and knowing where they stand as a
member of society

Role Function Mode

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This mode focuses on attaining relational
integrity through the giving and receiving of
love, respect and value. This is achieved with
effective communication and relations.

Interdependence Mode

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Physical and chemical processes
are involved in the function and
activities of living organisms.
These are the actual processes
put in motion by the regulator
subsystem.

Physiological-Physical Mode

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Pediatric Nursing theory was founded by who??

Anne Cassey

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emphasizes a family-centered approach to pediatric care. The model is built on the belief that the best care for a child is provided by their family, with healthcare professionals offering support and guidance.

Pediatric Nursing Theory

Human Becoming Theory was founded by which theorist

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

is a combination of biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual factors, and states that a person is a unitary being in continuous interaction with his or her environment.

The Human Becoming Theory

Who Founded the Environmental Theory

Florence Nightingale

Betty Neuman constructed what theory?

System Model

Theory of Unitary Human Beings Was founded by?

Martha Rogers

Modeling and Role Modeling Theory Was founded by who? and who are her co-authors?

Helen Erickson and Mary Ann Swain and Evelyn Tomlin

This nursing theory focuses on understanding and nurturing patients based on their unique perspectives and experiences

Modeling and Role Modeling Theory

Nursing Process Discipline Theory Was founded by who?

Ida Jean Orlando

Also known as the Deliberative Nursing Process Theory, which emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and the nurse's role in identifying and addressing the patient's immediate needs.

Nursing Process Discipline theory

Theory of Comfort was founded by who?

Katharine Kolcaba

Nursing is required when a client is incapable of or limited in the provision of continuous effective self-care

Self Care Deficit Theory

Self Care Deficit Theory was founded by who

Dorothea Orem

Imogene King constructed what theory

Theory of Goal Attainment

Describes a dynamic interpersonal relationship in which a person grows and develops to attain certain life goals. ➢ Goals become the criteria for measuring the effectiveness of nursing care ➢ Nurse and client communicate information, set goals mutually, and then act to attain those goals

Theory of Goal Attainment

Theory of Human Caring was founded by who

Jean Watson

* Human caring in nursing is an act and a science in which caring is a human to human process demonstrated through a therapeutic interpersonal interactions

Theory of Human Caring

The United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) established millennium health goals in 2000 in an effort to improve health worldwide. In an effort to continue the work of the millennium goals, 169 sustainable development goals (SDGs) with 17 targets were established. All UN members have agreed to work toward these health goals by 2030 (World Health Organization, 2020). Healthcare issues are addressed in SDG 3, to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

Global Health Goals

– the production of offspring (reproduction)

Procreation

h– moral obligation of parents to have the healthiest children through all natural and artificial means available

Procreative health

the union and consummation of marriage ordered towards procreation

Unitive and procreative health

What are the 5 Ps in CDC?

Partners Practices Past History of STDs Protection from STDs Pregnancy Plans

include observation for normal body hair distribution, normal genital and breast development, and signs and symptoms of STIs.

Physical Examination

➢Encourage women over 40 years of age to have annual mammogram ➢Explain reproductive physiology to couples who wish to become pregnant. ➢Explain to a school-aged boy that nocturnal emissions are normal ➢Teach early adolescents about normal anatomy and physiology, and the process of reproduction. ➢Teach young adolescents safer sex practices

Health Teaching

A multidimensional phenomenon that includes feelings, attitudes, and actions.

Sexuality

oHas both biologic and cultural diversity components. oEncompasses and gives direction to a person’s physical, emotional, social, and intellectual responses throughout life.

Sexuality

Refers to a person’s chromosomal sex

Gender

What forms the male chormosome?

What forms the female Chromosome?

✓ Refers to the inner sense a person has on being male or female

Gender Identity

✓ Refers to the male or female behavior a person exhibits

Gender Role

What are the 5 phases of Sexual Response Cycle?

Desire Phase Arousal Phase Plateau Phase Orgasm Phase Resolution Phase

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 ✓RH Bill ✓Guarantees universal access to methods of contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care.

RA 10354

The core responsibilities of parents to provide the needs of the children they have in terms of the aspects in life. ➢Refers to the will, ability, and commitment of parents to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family and children. ➢Act of putting the needs of the child over self.

Responsible Parenthood

composed of chromosomes and genes found in the nucleus of each body cell.

Genetic Material

threadlike strands composed of hereditary material known as DNA.

Chromosomes

❑The basic physical and functional unit of heredity ❑Small segment of DNA, composing each chromosomes ❑Vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases ❑Act to make molecules of proteins

Genes

❑Deoxyribonucleic acid ❑Hereditary material ❑Nearly every body cell has the same DNA ❑Mostly located in cell nucleus

DNA

❑A variant form of a gene ❑An alternative form or versions of a gene ❑Humans as diploid organisms = 2 alleles at each genetic locus on a chromosome ❑1 allele is inherited from each parent

Alleles

is the genetic makeup of an organism

Genotype

Is the morphology, properties and behavior of an organism

Phenotype

Can be determined by observing DNA by genotyping methods

Genotype

Can be determined by observing outward characters

Phenotype

Completely depends on the gene sequeces

Genotypes

Depends on the genotype and environmental factors

Phenotypes

Inherited by the offspirng

Genotype

Not inherited by the offspring

Phenotype

Consists of all hereditary information that is the expressed and suppresed genes

Genotype

Consists of expressed genes

Phenotype

▪ Genetically determined ▪ Passed from parent to offspring (Mendelian Rule) ▪ Most traits not strictly determined by genes, but influenced by both genes and environment

Inherited trait

Traits passed down by dominant and recessive alleles of one gene

Mendelian trait

One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected by an autosomal dominant disorder.

Autosomal dominant

In autonsomal recessive inheritance, both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. Autosomal recessive disorders are typically not seen in every generation of an affected family

Autosomal recessive

Example of genetic conditions of autosomal dominant

Huntington disease marfan syndrome

Example of genetic conditions autosomal recessive

Cystic fibrosis Sickle cell disease

disorders are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. In females

X-linked dominant

Examples of X-linked dominant of genetic conditions

Fragile X Syndrome

are also caused by mutations in genes on the X-chromosome. In males ( who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each is sufficient to cause the condition.

X-linked recessive

examples of X-Linked recessive genetic conditions

Hemophilia Fabry disease

A condition is considered _______- _______ if the mutated gene that causes the disorder is located on the Y Chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each of a males cells. Because only males have Y chromosome, in Y-linked inheretance, a mutation can only be passed from father to son

Y-linked

examples of genetic conditions of Y-linked

Y-chromosome infertility Swyer syndrome (some causes)

two different versions (alleles) of a gene are expressed and each version makes a slightly different protein. Both alleles influence the genetic trait or determine the characteristics of the genetic condition

Codominant

examples of genetic conditions of codominant

ABO- blood group Alpha-1 antirypsin defiency

also known as maternal inheritance, applies to genes in mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial, which are structures in each cell that convert molecules into energy, each contain a small amount of DNA. Because only egg cells contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo, only females can pass on mitochondrial mutations to their children. Conditions resulting from mutations in mitochondrial DNA can appear in every generation of a family and can affect both males and females, but fathers do not pass these disorders to their daugthers or sons

Mitochondrial

Examples of Mitochondrial Genetic Conditions

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)

is the process by which organisms produce offspring by making sex cells called gametes.

Sexual Reproduction

Male gametes are called?

Sperms

female gametes are called?

Secondary oocytes

The organs that produce gametes are called?

gonands

what are the two organs that produces gametes?

testes and ovaries

is the production of sperms from spermatogonia

spermatogenesis

is the production of eggs from oogonia

oogenesis

occurs inside the testis in males

spermatogenesis

occurs inside the ovary in females

oogenesis

all stages occur inside the testis

spermatogenesis

all stages, except the last stage, occurs inside the ovary

oogenesis

a continous process, occuring after the puberty till death

spermatogenesis

early stages occurs during fetal period; the rest of the process occurs after the puberty until menopause

oogenesis

developed from the geminal epithelial lining of the seminiferous tubules

spermatogenesis

developed from the geminal epithelium, which overlays the ovary

oogenesis

sertoli cells are found in the germinal cell epithelium

spermatogenesis

No serotoli cells are found in the geminal cell epithelium

oogenesis

all spermatogonia are divided by meisosis, producing sperms all the times

spermatogenesis

some of the oogonia divide during the production of eggs, one at a time

oogenesis

growth phase is too short in spermatogonia

spermatogenesis

growth phase is prolonged in oogonia

oogenesis

primary spermatocyte is divided by meiosis,1, forming two secondary spermatocytes

spermatogenesis

primary oocyte is divided by meiosis,1 , forming a secondary oocyte and one polar body

oogenesis

produces motile gametes

spermatogenesis

produces non-motile gametes

oogenesis

Involves peristalsis of ducts and contraction of prostate gland and pelvic floor

ejaculation

Sperm cells + secretions if seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands and prostate gland * pH 7.4 →to neutralize acid pH of vagina

semen

– small mass of erectile tissues; anterior to urethral surface; responds to sexual stimulation

clitoris

– paired folds of skin covering the vagina and urethral openings to prevent drying of mucous membranes

Labia majora and minora

vestibular gland; secretes mucus to keep vaginal mucosa moist and to lubricate vagina during sexual intercourse

Bartholins gland

* Alveolar glands that produce milk after pregnancy – enters lactiferous ducts that converge at nipple

Mammary glands

-Focuses on developing strong maternal Identity -Helps develop the mother child relationship as the infant grows

Maternal role Attainment theory

Noted the formation of maternal identity that binds the woman into the child

Maternal Identity

emphasizes a family centered approach to pediatricbcare. The Model is built on the belief that best care for a child is provided by their family, with healthcare professionals offering support and guidance

model of pediatric nursing

views patients as interconnected systems, considering physiological,psychological,sociocultural,developmental and spiritual aspects

betty neuman

-views patients as whole, indivisible beings who are integral with their evironment -nursing is both a science and an art

Theory of Unitary human beings

this nursing theory focuses on understanding and nurturing patients based on their unique perspectives and experiences

modeling and role modeling theory

the theory emphasizes the importance of unconditional acceptance and individualized care, making it a holistic approach to nursing

model and role modeling theory

comfort as the immediate desirable outcome of nursing care

theory of comfort by katharine kolcaba

nursing is required when a patient is incapable of or limited in the provision of continous nursing care

self care deficit theory

in nursing is an act and a science which caring is a human to human process demonstrated through a therapeutic interpersonal interactions

theory of human caring

pigmented skin area around the nipple

areola

pigmented skin area around the nipple

areola

"the surroundings have the impact on the recovery process. The model operates under the assumption that adaptation should be the center of nursing and uses the concept from Helson's research to define three main categories of stimuli ( as cited in alligood,2014)

adaptation model of nursing

- describes a dynamic interpersonal relationsgip in which a person grows and develops to attain certain life goals - goals become the criteria for measuring the effectiveness of nursing care - nurse and client communicate information, set goals mutually and then act to attain those goals

theory of goal attainment

this theory focuses on the dynamic, interpersonal relationship between nurses and patients, emphasizing mutual goal - setting to achieve health outcomes

goal attainment theory

this theory focuses on the dynamic, interpersonal relationship between nurses and patients, emphasizing mutual goal - setting to achieve health outcomes

goal attainment theory

emphasizes the importance of caring relationships and holistic treatment of patients.

theory of human caring

MCN Flashcards

Prelims