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MCQ bank Flashcards

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1
Q

What staining is associated with amyloid?

A

Congo red staining will be positive (there will be bright green fluorescence staining)

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2
Q

How might PCKD present?

A

HTN, haematuria, flank pain, stroke, renal failure, palpable renal masses

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3
Q

Can renal amyloidosis present with masses?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What is pseudomembranous colitis caused by?

A

C.diff

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5
Q

What SEs of statins are there?

A

Myositis
Raised LFTs
Gallstones
Interstitial lung disease in rare cases

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6
Q

Ottawa rules (for XRAY) of knees?

A

Tenderness at head of fibula
Cannot flex to 90 degrees
Age =>55
Isolated tenderness of patella

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7
Q

What is peuts-jeghers syndrome?

A

Genetic syndrome associated with intestinal polyps

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8
Q

What conditions are associated with nasal polyps?

A

Asthma
Aspirin hypersensitivity
CF
Allergic rhinitis

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9
Q

Most common cause of CAP?

A

Strep pneumonia

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10
Q

Drugs used in Alzheimers?

A

Donepezil and memantine

Also use rivastigmine and galantamine

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11
Q

Management of COPD exacerbation?

A

Admit if severe.

Salbutamol nebs
Pred course
Abx if sputum positive or consolidation present
O2 to maintain sats >90
If unwell despite this - (acidotic) you would consider NIV (BiPAP)
If still unwell - ITU

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12
Q

How would diabetes insipidus present?

A

Excessive thirst and excretion of large volumes of diluted urine

High serum sodium and low urine osmolarity, high serum osmolarity

In severe cases may have seizures due to electrolyte disturbance

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13
Q

Causes of diabetes insipidus and results of fluid deprivation test and ADH?

A

Nephrogenic

  • Insensitivity to ADH
  • Fluid deprivation - will fix serum osmo (<300)
  • ADH will not fix
  • Can be caused by CKD/Lithium, congenital

Cranial

  • Not producing ADH
  • Fluid deprivation and ADH will fix osmo
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14
Q

Most common type of glomerulonephritis for adults?

A

IgA nephropathy (Bergers disease)

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15
Q

How does IgA glomerulonephritis present and how can you differentiate that from post strep GN?

A

Presents with nephritis syndrome (haematuria) 1-2 days after URTI

Post strep presents 1-3 weeks after

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16
Q

In what ways do GN disease present?

A 
Nephritic syndrome (haematuria and low level protein, oliguria and HTN)
Nephrotic syndrome (Proteinuria and oedema)
Mixed picture
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17
Q

What GN’s causes a Nephritic picture? (most common and others in there)

A

Most commonly in adults: IgA nephropathy (typically men in 20s or 30s, 1-2 days afetr URTI)

Most commonly in children: Post strep GN (1-2 weeks after URTI)

Granulomatitis with polyangitis
- would have systemic features

Eosinophilic Granulomatitis with polyangitis
- associated with asthma and systemic features

Goodpasture
- pulmonary haemorrhage

Allport

  • inherited
  • sensorineural and eye disease

Thin basement membrane disease
- Inherited

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18
Q

What GNs cause a mixed picture?

A

Membranoproliferative

Diffuse proliferative

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19
Q

What GNs cause a nephrotic picture?

A

Most common in children: Minimal change,
- Idiopathic or caused by infection/drugs

Most common in adults: Focal segmental
- idiopathic or HIV

Diabetic nephropathy

Amyloidosis

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20
Q

On spirometry how can you differentiate asthma and COPD?

A

Asthma may have a normal or increased DLCO and a normal TLC

COPD would have a decreased DLCO and an increased TLC

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21
Q

XRAY changes for RA?

A

Soft tissue swelling
Juxta articular deminerlisation
Joint pace narrowing
Erosions

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22
Q

What virus is associated with nasopharnygeal carcinoma?

A

EBV

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23
Q

Common mechanism of injury of a calcaneal fracture?

A

jump or fall from high height

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24
Q

How to estimate plasma osolarity?

A

2x sodium plus glucose and urea

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25
What vaccine is contraindicated to those with an egg allergy?
Flu (intramuscular)
26
What antihypertensive affects the metabolism of simvastatin?
Amlodipine Can only give max 20mg of simva if on amlodipine
27
How is isolation different from dissociation?
Isolation is separating emotions from an event Dissociation is actually changing oneself (character or identity) to avoid distress
28
How is somatisation different from hypochondirasis?
Somatisation is anything in which there is a symptom, hypochondriasis is just worry about something
29
How does milk-alkali syndrome present?
hypercalcaemia, renal failure and metabolic alkalosis Associated with calcium antacids
30
How do non-haemolytic transfusion reactions present?
Fever malaise and chills during the 2nd half of the transfusion
31
How would bacterial contamination present in a blood transfusion?
Fever, shock, delayed, no focus of infection
32
How would transfusion relaetd lung injury present?
Dyspnoea and hypotension Maybe has an infection/recent surgery
33
Painless rectal bleedign in older adults with normal PR and proctoscope?
Angiodysplasia
34
Can Haemorrhoids coat the stool?
Yes
35
Niacin deficiency (B3) is associated with what tumour?
Carcinoid
36
What causes syphillis?
Treponoma pallidum
37
What causes chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
38
Most common cause of SIADH?
Idiopathic
39
Treatment of malignant hypertension?
IV nitroprusside is most common Could also give Labetalol or nicardapine IV Phentolamine if phaechromocytoma Hydralazine if pregnant
40
How does diabetic amyotrophy present?
Severe pain Unilateral (but can be bilateral) wasting
41
How does mononeuritis multiplex present?
Asymmetric loss of sensory/and or motor function Rare
42
What would you give propylthiouracil for?
Thyroid storm
43
What is the test to diagnose cushings?
Overnight dexamethasone suppression test
44
Max dose of lidocaine?
3mg per kg or 7mg/kg if using adrenaline
45
If someone has a ?urethral injury/transection what should you do re: catheterisation?
refer to urology Don't try to catheterise - will likely need suprapubic catheter
46
how do you manage an extraperitoneal bladder injury (urine in pertoneum)
Catheter - if blood at meatus or suspicion of urethral injury then this should be suprapubic, if not then it should be urethral
47
Apart from pain in the anatomical snuffbox what other signs are there of a scaphoid fracture?
Pain on longitudinal compression of the thumb | Pain on gentle flexion and ulnar deviation of the wrist
48
Difference in PMR and fibromyalgia presentation?
Fibromyalgia with multiple points of pain all over their body, may have trouble with sleep (needs to be present for >3 months and have 11 tender areas) PMR - shoulder pain and stiffness
49
Most common acute laeukaemia in children?
ALL
50
What is mortons neuroma, how does it present?
Pain inbetween 3rd and 4th metatarsal head usually related to tight footwear. Neuroma that forms related to tight footwear.
51
What is Freibergs disease? How does it present?
Osteochondritis of 2nd/3rd metatarsal heads. Vague pain limiting activity in 12-15F.
52
Dinner fork deformity fracture?
Colles
53
Elbow swollen after a child has fallen onto an outstetched hand?
Supracondylar fracture
54
Common organisms causign epididymo orchitis in men >35?
gram -ves: e.coli and pseudomonas
55
red flag Sx in GORD?
``` Dysphagia Evidence of Gi bleeding Weight loss persistent vomiting UGI mass ```
56
What is the most accurate non invasive H.pylori test?
Urea breath test
57
When should you test for H.pylori in someone who has GORD?
after PPI treatment for 1 month
58
Most common cause of UTI?
E.coli
59
Which joint does the z-deformity affect?
The thumb
60
How does a boutonniere deformity present? how is it different to swan neck?
Finger deformity, hyperextension of distal IP join, fixed flexion of proximal leaving the end pointing up the boutonniere is pointing up and the swan neck points down at the distal finger

MSRA (22 decks)

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