MCQs 19 pages Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
The major immune organs in our body are: Kidneys Liver Spleen Lymph nodes
A
Lymph nodes
2
Q
The pluripotent bone-marrow stem cell is a product of: Pancreas Heart Bone marrow of the big bones Bone marrow of the smallest bone
A
Bone marrow of the big bones
3
Q
Lymphoid stem cell can proliferate and differentiate into: B-cell T-cell Macrophage Erythrocyte
A
B-cell
T-cell
4
Q
Myeloid stem cell can proliferate and differentiate into: Plasma cell T-helper cell Monocyte Granulocyte
A
Monocyte
Granulocyte
5
Q
Thymus is necessary for the proliferation and differentiation of: Macrophage Blast cell T-cell Reticulocyte
A
T-cell
6
Q
Immunoglobulin is produced by: Monocytes Platelets Plasma cells Myeloid stem cells
A
Plasma cells
7
Q
IgE is: The biggest antibody The smallest antibody Responsible for acute infections Responsible for allergic reactions
A
Responsible for allergic reactions
8
Q
IgD is: Marker of tumour process Marker of chronic infections??? Marker of nosocomial infections ?Marker
A
Marker of chronic infections???
?Marker of allergic infections
IgM: activates complement system (does poorly penetrate tissues)
IgG: transported across placenta (tissue penetration) -> protection of newborn
IgA: mucosal
9
Q
Lysozyme is: Product of granulocytes’ destruction Major factor of natural resistance Immunoglobulin Erythropoietin
A
Major factor of natural resistance
10
Q
Lysozyme can be found (in healthy person) in: Conjunctiva secretion Sperm Urine Liquor
A
Conjunctiva secretion
11
Q
Complement consists of: 15 components 5 components 9 components No components
A
15 components
12
Q
Immune complex is: Antibody + antigen specific complex Antibody + complement complex Antigen + complement complex Antibody + antigen + complement complex
A
Antibody + antigen specific complex
13
Q
HLA consists of:??? 6 loci? 1 locus 4 loci no locus
A
14
Q
HLA consists of:??? 6 loci? 1 locus 4 loci no locus
A
6 loci?
15 loci??
15
Q
Monoclonal antibody is a result of: ??
Fusion between spleen cell and myeloma cell - right, if “spleen cell” is b- cell (b -cells
are abundant in white pulp)
Fusion between thymus cell and plasma cell
Fusion between macrophage and blast cell
Fusion between lymphoid stem cell and myeloid stem cell
A
Fusion between spleen cell and myeloma cell - right, if “spleen cell” is b- cell (b -cells
are abundant in white pulp)
16
Q
Transplantation of organs is possible if:???
Donor and recipient match with 4 HLA loci
Donor and recipient match with 1 HLA loci
No relation between matching of HLA loci
HLA system is not needed at all
A
Donor and recipient match with 4 HLA loci
17
Q
Immune vaccine works as: Antibody Antigen Both, antibody and antigen Nothing of the above
A
Both, antibody and antigen
18
Q
Vaccine is applied for: ??? Therapy Prophylactics Prevention Nothing of the above
A
Prophylactics
Prevention
19
Q
Serum is a product of: ? Antigen formation Antibody formation Complement influence Macrophage destruction
A
Antigen formation
Antibody formation
20
Q
Serum is applied for: ? Therapy Prophylactics Prevention Nothing of the above
A
Therapy
21
Q
Vaccine against smallpox has:
Short term immune action (up to 3 months)
Medium-time immune action (up to 3 years)
Life-long immune action
No immune action at all
A
Life-long immune action
22
Q
Vaccine against dysentery is:
Widely applied in epidemics
Applied only after the decision of the GP
No vaccine exists
With life-long immunity after a single application
A
No vaccine exists
23
Q
HTLV or LAV have been the previous names of: Small pox virus Picorna viruses Influenza virus HIV (in 1980s)
A
HIV (in 1980s)
24
Q
Incubation period of clinically manifested HIV-infection is: Up to 1 year Up to 3 years Up to 5 years Unknown duration
A
unknown duration
25
```
Target cells of HIV are:
Brain cells
Lung cells
Helper cells
Macrophages
```
Helper T cells
26
“Angry” is one of the nicknames given to:???? never heard that :D
Erythrocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Platelets (found articles where such terminology is used, nothing for the other 2)
Macrophages
27
```
Cesar Milstein and Alfred Koeller have been granted Nobel Prize for:
HLA typing
Monoclonal antibodies
C3-complement subcomponents
Tumour markers TNF
```
Monoclonal antibodies
28
The analysis of the T-cell subgroups by flow cytometry would be most appropriate in
diagnosing which of the following diseases?
severe deficiency of IgA
severe combined immunodeficiency
Bruton’s disease
multiple myeloma
severe combined immunodeficiency
29
All of the following are clinical applications of the flow cytometric study, except for:
monitoring of cellular changes after transplantation
Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subpopulations
Analysis of viral load in HIV
Quantitative analysis of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood
Quantitative analysis of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood
30
```
Which of the following are L-chains of immunoglobulins?
y
κ
a
m
```
κ
Two types of light chain, termed lambda (λ) and kappa (κ), are found in antibodies.
31
```
Results of flow cytometric examination revealed a lack of cells expressing CD2 and CD3.
What does this show?
Lack of B-lymphocytes
Lack of T-lymphocytes
Lack of NK cells
Lack of monocytes
```
Lack of T-lymphocytes
32
```
Everything listed is characteristic for malignancy, except:
Fast proliferation
Gene mutations
Universal apoptosis
Clonal proliferation
```
Universal apoptosis
33
A 55-year old woman complains about dry mouth and eyes and blurred vision for 2 years.
Physical examination revealed xerophtalmia and xerostoma, bilateral diffuse, painless
enlargement of the parotid gland. A year later, she developed bilateral swelling and pain,
when moving her arms. Which of the following autoantibodies is most likely to be found in
this woman diagnosed with Sjogren’s syndrome?
anti-centomeric antibodies
anti-RNP antibodies
anti-dsDNA antibodies
anti-SS-A antibodies
anti-SS-A antibodies
34
```
In the thymus, the positive selection of immature T cells is based on the recognition of which
of the following?
Own antigens
Loki chains
Stress Proteins
MHC antigens
```
MHC antigens
35
```
Homogenous type of light on indirect immunofluorescence would give the presence of which
of the following antibodies?
anti-histone antibodies
anti-RNP antibodies
anti-Smith antibodies
anti-SS-A antibodies
```
anti-histone antibodies
36
```
When a soluble antigen diffuses into a gel that contains an antibody, in which zone are
optimal precipitates formed?
Zone of excess antigen
Prozone
Antibody excess zone
Zone of equilibrium
```
Zone of equilibrium
37
Which of the following can be attributed to the clonal selection theory for antibody formation?
cellular receptors are detached and become circulating antibodies
Plasma cells secrete non-specific antibodies
Antibodies can change their structure depending on the type of antigen
The B-cells are pre-programmed to synthesize specific antibodies
The B-cells are pre-programmed to synthesize specific antibodies
38
What is the characteristic of immunoglobulin variable zones?
They represent the site of complement repair
Composed of polypeptide portions of heavy and light chains
They are located at the carboxyl ends of the immunoglobulin monomer
All of the above
Composed of polypeptide portions of heavy and light chains
39
Which immunosuppressive agonist selectively inhibits IL-2 receptor mediated T cell
activation and causes clearance of activated T cells from the circulation?
Corticosteroids
Daclizumab
Cyclosporine
Mycophenolate mofetil
Daclizumab
40
```
MHC molecules are associated with:
Graft rejection
Development of autoimmune disease
Determining which antigen an individual will respond to
All of the above
```
All of the above
41
Which of the following would trigger a positive direct Coombs test?
Presence of IgG on erythrocytes
Presence of C3b or C3d on erythrocytes
Transfusion reaction due to pre-formed antibodies
all listed
all listed
42
```
Interleukin-10 is an antagonist of:
TNF alpha
Tissue growth factor beta
Interleukine-4
Interferon-gamma
```
TNF alpha
43
A patient in septic shock caused by a gram-negative bacterial infection exhibits the following
symptoms: high fever, very low blood pressure and disseminated growth coagulation. Which
cytokine is most likely to contribute to these symptoms?
Interleukin 2
TNF alpha
Tissue growth factor beta
Interleukin 12
TNF alpha
44
```
Bence-Jones protein identical to:
H chains
L chains
IgG molecules
IgM molecules
```
L chains
45
```
The enumeration listed is characteristic of a good immunogen, with the exception of:
Located on its own cells
presence of multiple epitopes
Structural coherence
High molecular weight
```
High molecular weight
46
Systemic lupus erythematosus can be differentiated from rheumatoid arthritis with:
Formation of immune complexes and the activation of complement
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) present in serum
Anti-dsDNA antibodies in serum
Joint pain
Anti-dsDNA antibodies in serum
47
CH50 test indicates:
Amount of complement required for lysis of 50% of erythrocytes
Amount of complement required for lysis of 100% of erythrocytes
Deficiency of some complement system components
All of the above
Amount of complement required for lysis of 50% of erythrocytes
48
Indirect Coombs test is used in which of the following procedures:
Identification of free antibodies in serum
Blood group identification
Identification of Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
Identification of cold agglutinins
Identification of free antibodies in serum
49
```
Which of the following plays a key role in the killing of parasites;
Monocytes
B-lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
```
Eosinophils
50
```
Which is most frequently found in mucosal secretions:
IgM
IgA
IgG
IgE
```
IgA
51
The functions of the complement system are related to:
Participation in the processing and presentation of the antigen
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Opsonization and lysis of cells, including bacteria
all answers are correct
Opsonization and lysis of cells, including bacteria
52
Which of the following best summarizes the concept of tumor development through
immunoediting?
Cytokines produced by tumor cells are toxic to T cells expressing receptors for
tumor-associated antigens
Tumor cells, which can avoid the immune response, have an advantage in proliferation and
growth over immunogenic tumor cells
Secreted tumor-associated antigens saturate T-cell receptors and make them unable to to
bind to the actual tumor
The activity of T cells causes increased regulation of the expression of MHC molecules in
tumor cells, which allows them to move to this answer
Tumor cells, which can avoid the immune response, have an advantage in proliferation and
growth over immunogenic tumor cells
53
All of the following are related to type 1 hypersensitivity, except:
hereditary predisposition to allergic reaction
Bridges of antigen and cell-associated antibodies are formed
Activation of complement ?
Release of preformed mediators from mast cells
Activation of complement ?
54
```
Which of the following would support the diagnosis of the drug-induced lupus?
The presence of anti-Smith antibodies
The presence of anti-SS-A antibodies
The presence of anti-histone antibodies
The presence of rheumatoid factor
```
The presence of anti-histone antibodies
55
```
A process that increases the efficiency of phagocytosis by coating foreign particles with
serum proteins is
Absorption
Opsonization
Chemotaxis
Agglutination
```
Opsonization
56
Which of the following is a common feature of hypersensitivity reactions?
Immune response is suppressed
Antibodies are involved in all types of reactions
Immune complexes are formed, which are open to harmful effects
The reactions may involve either its own antigen or a heterologous antigen
The reactions may involve either its own antigen or a heterologous antigen
57
Which of the following explains the difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity?
Type lI includes IgE
Type II reactions do not include antibodies
IgG participates only in type III reactions
Type II includes its own cellular antigens
Type II includes its own cellular antigens
58
Which condition would lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn?
Accumulation of IgE on maternal cells
Sensitization to foreign erythrocyte antigens
Sensitization of cytotoxic T cells
Exposure to antigen detected on both maternal and infant erythrocytes
Sensitization to foreign erythrocyte antigens
59
Chronic leukemias are characterized by?
- being treated immediately with chemotherapy
- usually of B-Cell origin
- affecting mainly children
- accelerating rapid progression of developmen
- accelerating rapid progression of development
60
Which of the following is the best indicator for a malignant B-Cell Clone?
- impaired kappa/lambda ratio
- increase in igG and igM production
- decrease in total antibody production
- hypergammaglobulinemia
- hypergammaglobulinemia
