MCRAE AND COSTA WEEK 10 Flashcards
(20 cards)
what are the 5 major dimensions of personality
neuroticism , extraversion , agreeableness , conscientousness , openness to agreeableness
describe the basic tenets of trait theory
individual can be characterized in terms of relatively enduring patterns of thoughts , feelings , and actions ; that traits can be quantitatively assessed , that they show some degree of cross - situational consistency and so
The four assumptions FFT makes about human nature
knowability (assumption personality is a proper object of scientific study)
rationality ( is the assumption that people are generally capable of of undersatnding themselves and others)
variability (asserts that people differ from each other in psychologically significant ways)
proactivity ( refers to the assumption that the locus of causation of human action is to be sought in the person)
why does does the FFT have little to say abut biological bases of traits
because the precise mechanism , developmental , neuroanatomical , psychophysiological are not yet specified
What is meant by characteristics adaptations
their concrete manifestation in the personality systems.
habits , attitudes , skills , roles , relationship are influenced both by basic tendencies and external influence
how do the personality component interact
the plural processes is used because many quite distinct processes may be involved in each pathway
Explain positive arguments for FFM
has been supported by extensive empirical research , showing consistent findings across various studies. the model has been replicated in different cultures and languages
explain against arguments for FFM
some critics argue it the model is 2 overly simplistic, failing to account unique individual difference and cultural variation.
suggest the number of five factors could be arbitrary and could be different in depending on methodological approaches
indicate whether there is cross cultural evidence in favour of FFT
FFT suggest personalty traits are biologically based and therefore should be universal. has been tested in other cultures , showing the 5 traits can be found across diff language and societies
a large scale study confirmed the big 5 are present across 50 different cultures
structure is universal but cultural influence can still play a role in personality development
specify the differences between the terms Big 5, FFM, , and FFT
BIG 5: a descriptive framework identifying five broad personality traits
FFM: an empirical model based on statistical analysis of personality trait organizes personality into five broad dimensions
FFT: a theoretical framework that explains why personality traits exist and how they develop, proposing that traits are biologically based and relatively stable over time
What does the FFT say about individual uniqueness
some researchers propose that the big 5 traits evolved as adaptive mechanisms to help individuals navigate social and environmental challenges.
there is debates about whether these traits directly results from evolutionary processes or if they are merely genetic noise without a direct adaptive function.
a potential explanation is that variation in personality traits may have been maintained by natural selection due to different advantages in different environment
IS personality simply the subjective experience of an individual
some critics argue that the FFM does not capture personality as its subjectively experience. instead , it is more of an external framework used to categorize people
mcadams , refers to FFM as the psychology of the stranger , suggesting that it describes how others perceive a person rather than how individuals experience themselves
studies indicate that individuals do recognize and describe themselves using trait terms , suggesting that traits traits form an important part of self concept
indicate how the BIG 5 personality traits is the byproduct of evolution
some researchers propose that the big 5 traits evolved as adaptive mechanism to help individuals navigate social and environmental challenges
Debate about whether these traits directly results from evolutionary process or if they are merely ‘’ genetic noise ‘’ without a direct adaptive function
potential explanation is that variation in personality
potential explanation is that variation in personality traits may have been maintained by natural selection due to different advantages in different environments
How many criticism is made towards the FFM
six
- descriptive , not explanatory
the model describes personality traits but does not explain why these traits develop or how they interact with each other
- cultural bias
the FFM was developed primarily using western samples , raising concerns about its applicability across different cultures , where alternatives personality structure may exist
- limited scope
some argue that the model does not account for important personality aspects , such as moral character , religiosity , or humour
- overemphasis on traits
the model assumes personality traits are stable overtime and across situation , but research suggest that personality can be influenced by context , relationships , and life events
- lack of theoretical foundation
the FFM emerged from statical analysis rather than a strong theoretical framework , leading to debates about whether these 5 traits are the most fundamental dimensions of personality
- potential for redundancy
some researchers argue that certain traits within the model are not entirely distinct from one another , leading to potential redundancy
