MD3002.

Question 1

Which act held human right and health to the highest standard?

Answer 1

WHO constitution 2006.

Question 2

Which act set the standard for health and human rights to an “adequate standard”?

Answer 2

UN declaration of human rights 1948.

Question 3

Which acts held health and human rights to the “highest attainable standard”?

Answer 3

International convene at on social, economic and cultural rights 1976.

Question 4

Which act recognised the right of a child to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health?

Answer 4

UN Rights of the Child Act.

Question 5

Which two contrives have not signed the rights of the child act 1990?

Answer 5

Somalia. (wasn’t a country at the time).

USA.

Question 6

What are the 5 criteria for effective isolation and quarantine?

Answer 6

Must be effective in controlling the disease.
Must be minimally burdensome.
Must provide compensation.
Must be equitable.
If a less restrictive method is available, use it.
Consequences of not quarantining must be severe.

Question 7

What are some “good moral reasons” for carrying out research in developing countries?

Answer 7

Disproportionate burden of disease. 
Value of research. 
Cost. 
Number of drug naive. 
Less stringent ethical standards.

Question 8

Which act protects medical staff in times of disaster and conflict in order them to be able to act “identical in times of war”?

Answer 8

The Red Cross and Crescent (Geneva).

Question 9

What should clinicians consider when trying to decide a child’s “best interests”?

Answer 9

Views of child or young person. 
Views of parents. 
Views of those close to the child. 
Cultural, social and religious beliefs. 
Views of other healthcare pros. 
The choice which will least restrict further choices.

Question 10

What is a ‘Gillick competent’ minor?

Answer 10

A Gillick competent minor is one under 16 that has been proved to have capacity.

Question 11

How is capacity assessed/proved?

Answer 11

Understand, retain, use and communicate.

Question 12

What are the rules for living organ donation in the UK?

Answer 12

In Scotland, under the age of 16 it is not allowed.

In the rest of the UK it is permitted as long as the young person is content and under no coercion.

Question 13

What is psychosomatics?

Answer 13

A disorder in which a Peronist emotional, psychological of physiological state can impact in symptoms.

Question 14

What are some examples of psychosomatic disorders?

Answer 14

Asthma. 
Atopic dermatitis. 
Tension headaches. 
IBS. 
Chronic fatigue syndrome.

Question 15

What groups are affected by IBS the most?

Answer 15

20-30 year olds.
Females > males.
10-20% of the population.

Question 16

How is IBS diagnosed?

Answer 16

In the last 3 months, with symptoms onset at least 6 months prior.
Abdo pain for 3 days/ month for 3 months.
+ 2 or more of :
Improvement with defecation.
Change in stool Frequency.
Change in form of stool.

\+ In the UK: 
2 or more of: 
Change in stool passage. 
Bloating, hard tender abdomen. 
Mucus.

Question 17

What is the impact on patients with IBS?

Answer 17

5-8% are unemployed.
Take on average 2 days off per month.
Primary user of GP services.

Question 18

What are the 6 putative causes of IBS?

Answer 18

Psychological disorders - anxiety and depressions.
Hyper reactivity in gut brain interface (Hypersentivity v hypervigilence).
Infection.
Foot intolerance.
Abnormal muscle contractions.
Seratonin Rs.

Question 19

What are the three main treatment targets?

Answer 19

Diet and lifestyle.
Drugs.
Psychological approaches.

Question 20

How is IBS treated with diet and lifestyle?

Answer 20

Food dimerise, activity levels, 1st line approach.

Question 21

What is the drugs treatment for IBS?

Answer 21

Anti diarrhoeals.
Laxatives.
Anti spasmodics.
Antidepressants - TCA/SSRI.

Question 22

What is the psychological approach for IBS treatment?

Answer 22

Cognitive behavioural therapy - changing thoughts.
Hypnotherapy - relaxation.
Psychotherapy - changing stressor.

Question 23

What are 4 reasons for caring about global health ethics?

Answer 23

Self benefit.
Humanitarian duty of assistance.
Justice.