Measuring Development Flashcards
(12 cards)
GNI/GNP
total economic value of all goods & services provided through a year/number people who live in that country
GNP Positives
-comparison easy to understand
-baseline of amount of money in dollars per head of pop that is earned
-uses a common currency as a benchmark- simplify global comparisons
GNI negatives
-working out amount of money earned within a country in a year increasingly complicated - esp w/ global markets
-changes in currency rates affect it - real purchasing power may vary
-crude method and fails to highlight distribution of money is uneven
Other economic measure of development
Percentage of people employed in primary activities
more developed will have more secondary and tertiary and quaternary
UK 2% Vietnam 73%
Social measures of dev
Healthcare
life expectancy ^ = development ^
medical facilities
IMR lower = dev ^
ante and post natal services
Eductation
adult literacy rate - most MEDC 99% over
Diet
calorie intake measure variation
USA avg per person 3,725 kilocal
Eritrea 1555 kilocal
Positives of HC as measure
LE and IMR easy to work out in most countries due to vital registration
Both give useful figure that allows direct comparison between countries
Inferences can be made about available health services
Negatives of HC as measure
not all countries have robust methods of recording vital registration data
poorer countries may have inaccurate information
amount of money allocated to particular health issues might not give true picture of overall state of healthcare in country
e.g. political decision not spend money on ante-natal care
Composite Measure of Development
Human Development Index
Physical Quality Of Life Index
How is HDI worked out
Life Expectancy - Social
Education - Mean Number of years of schooling - social
Gross National Income per Capita - Economic
Closer to 1 = more developed
Positives HDI
-more rounded and realistic measure compared with merely social or economic indicators
-info uptaded annually - countries monitor dev progress and smooth fluctuations from one year to the next (HDI position unlikely to change)
Negatives HDI
-wealth has too much importance within HDI - adversly influence ranking
-HDI too simplified and other factors needed to get more rounded picture (refer to markets, industry or env issues)
Physical Quality OF Life Index
life expectancy at year 1, IMR and basic literacy rate
each having equal weighing
Values range from 0 - 100
criticised as strand of measure similar and depend on each other
