meat, eggs, milk, and dairy Flashcards
are humans carnivores, herbivores or omnivores, and what causes alterations in this between people, and why can this be a problem in peoples diet
they’re omnivores with a healthy diet involving foods from both plants and animals.
Some choose to avoid meat, fish or animal products on religious grounds, ethical reasons or financial reasons.
These foods are excellent sources of good quality protein.
Problem with only plant based diets such as, protein quality is reduces as animal products are high quality protein, also source of vit B12 is reduces as is mainly found in animal products
what are examples of red meat
Beef, lamb, pork, goat, veal, venison (deer), mutton and horse.
May also be defined as coming from mammals, although ducks and geese have a fairly high content of dark meat and are sometimes classed as red meat.
Duck is a poultry but has a high content of dark meat so can be classed at red meat
explain the muscle fibres in red meat
Has more red than white muscle fibres and is red before being cooked.
Meat that’s red when raw, due to it containing red muscle, this is red as contain myoglobin which contain oxygen so is aerobic, this muscle is much more dominant in many mammals
Whereas white muscles don’t contain myoglobin, this indicated this muscle is anaerobic
what is the difference between red and white meat
red Has a more intense flavour than white meat.
what type of iron do animal products provide
Haem iron comes from animal products. This is more readily absorbable than nonhaem iron that you get from plant products.
what vitamin and mineral sources does red meat provide
Rich source of high quality protein, vitamins A, B12 and D (It has vit D but not in massive amounts), and iron and zinc.
what is poultry and include examples
its white meat
A group of domesticated fowl, raised for their meat and eggs.
Includes birds such as chickens, turkey, geese and guinea fowl.
what are the nutritional benefits of poultry
its A low-fat source (if skin is taken off) of protein, so a good alternative to red or processed meat.
what are the concerns of Cooking meat at high temperatures or over a direct flame (fried, grilled or barbecued)
produces heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic in animal studies.
how is processed meat preserved
by curing, salting, smoking or adding chemical preservatives: nitrate + nitrite salts.
what meats are processed
pork or beef, or other red meat, poultry, offal or meat by-products like blood.
Ham, salami, pepperoni, chorizo, hot dogs + canned meat.
Minced meats, sausages + hamburgers - only if preserved with salt, nitrates, nitrites or other preservatives.
what are the nutritional qualities of red meat, processed meat
high in saturated fat and salt.
what is the strength of evidence between processed meats causing cancer
they are in group 1 out of 5, which is classed as causes cancer
what is the strength of evidence between red meats causing cancer
they are in group 2 out of 5, which is classed as probably causes cancer
what are the different types of eggs most commonly consumed
chicken eggs, with duck, quail and ostrich eggs also eaten.
what are the eggs that we consume
Ova from female animals.
what vitamins and minerals do eggs contain
Excellent protein source, plus vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B12, D and folate, and the mineral iodine.
what is one misunderstood myth of eggs nutritionally
Myth is that eggs are high in cholesterol, they do contain some cholesterol but its not cholesterol that causes high cholesterol levels
Sat fat in diet is whats causing the high levels of cholesterol levels in body
what are dairy products based off of
Dairy products are milk-based or milk-related products, and have been part of our diet since the domestication of appropriate milk-giving animals.
what was the original use of animal milk
Animal milk was mostly used for infants to replace or supplement human milk.
what can animal milk be made into
Animal milk more usually made into butter, ghee, cheese and yogurt.
when did milk became more widely consumed in Europe and N America
the start of the 20th C.
what countries develop and consume the most milk
Per-capita consumption of milk and its products is highest in developed countries, but demand is increasing in developing countries, especially East and Southeast Asia.
how is milk consumption increasing
as People are slowly developing a tolerance to it
as before, Most of global pop are lactase intolerant, so cant break down lactose in milk products
how is Most milk in Western countries is produced
produced by pregnant cows, with production enhanced by genetic selection and feed alteration.
what animals milk do people drink globally
Other important animals include goats, sheep, camels, horses, reindeer, water buffalo, zebu cows and yaks.
Composition of milk can change from breed to breed, such as it becoming more creamy and higher in fat
