beverages

Question 1

what type of roles do water have

Answer 1

symbolic role as well as its nutritional and physiological necessity

Question 2

what do soda waters contain

Answer 2

carbonated water (water treated with CO2 under pressure).

Question 3

what do tonic waters contain

Answer 3

a little quinine to give some bitterness.

some people may be allergic to this

Question 4

what are ex of carbonated flavoured waters

Answer 4

colas, lemonade & orangeade.

Question 5

do carbonated flavoured waters contain fruit material

Answer 5

no

Question 6

what do low calorie versions of carbonated flavoured water contain

Answer 6

saccharin or aspartame or a mix

Question 7

how much of the named fruit do fruit squashes contain

Answer 7

a defined amount

Question 8

what do low calorie fruit squashes do to the drink

Answer 8

replace part of the sugars with sweeteners

Question 9

in what form do fruit squashed usually come in

Answer 9

concentrated form for dilution before consumption

Question 10

what do carbonated drinks offer to those in countries where drinking water quality in doubtful

Answer 10

a degree of safety

Question 11

what are the nutritional roles of soft drinks

Answer 11

they make consuming water attractive

Carbohydrate (sucrose, glucose, fructose) contributes energy

but dont provide much else than this

Question 12

what vitamin do Ribena and tropicana provide

Answer 12

vit C

Question 13

how many grams or less of free sugars are recommended

Answer 13

30g or less
monster and cola exceed this

Question 14

what is the soft drinks industry levy

Answer 14

the sugar tax
april 2018

Question 15

whats the aims of the sugar tax

Answer 15

to help reduce sugar in soft drinks and tackle childhood obesity

Question 16

what did the money hained from sugar tax go towards

Answer 16

doubling primary sports premium and creation of healthy peoples capital fund to help schools upgrade sport facilities and give children access to top quality physical education equipment . Also gives funding boosts for healthy school breakfast clubs

Question 17

what drinks are exempt from sugar tax

Answer 17

fruit juices with no added sugars, and milk products

Question 18

fruit juices are permitted to the additions of what

Answer 18

vitamins like vit C as a process aid

Question 19

what happens to the fruit in fruit juices

Answer 19

Fruit is washed, then pressed, but not the skin

Question 20

why is use of skin avoided in fruit juices

Answer 20

as can cause undesirable bitter flavours

Question 21

how are many retail fruit juices derived

Answer 21

derived by diluting from imported concentrates.

Question 22

what are major sources of fruit juices

Answer 22

citrus fruits (orange, grapefruit), pineapple, apple and grape.

Question 23

where are fruit nectars popular

Answer 23

in continental europe

Question 24

how are fruit nectars prepared

Answer 24

by mixing fruit juices with a syrup.

Question 25

what nutrition do fruit juices contain

Answer 25

all the nutrients from the fruits , except their fibre as skin removed

Question 26

what can high sugar content contribute to

Answer 26

overweight and obesity, and dental caries

Question 27

what are dental caries

Answer 27

destruction of the enamel caused by acids resulting from bacterial breakdown of sugars in the mouth.

Question 28

what can drinks high acidity contribute to

Answer 28

dental erosion

Question 29

what is dental erosion

Answer 29

loss of tooth surface / mineralised tissue. diet drinks can cause this as quite acidic

Question 30

what 4 stages do tea leaves go through

Answer 30

Withering Rolling Oxidation Drying

Question 31

explain the stage of withering that tea leaves go though for tea production

Answer 31

Water content is reduced to about 60%−70%. Tea leaves are laid out in big troughs on a wire mesh and air is passed over them, gently drying them out. This takes12−17 h, leaving the leaves bendy and ready for rolling

Question 32

what are tea leaves full of

Answer 32

water

Question 33

explain the process of rolling that happens to tea leaves

Answer 33

Leaves are placed on a rolling machine, which rotates horizontally on a rolling table. This movement twists and turns the leaves until they're thin and wiry looking. It also breaks them up, which starts the next stage: oxidation.

Question 34

explain the process of oxidation that happenes to tea leaves in tea production

Answer 34

This process determines the tea's colour, taste and strength. Leaves are put in troughs or laid out on tables, and left for 30 mins to 2h, at ~ 26°C. Enzymes inside the leaves react with the air, changing the colour from green to beige, to a rich, deep brown. The colour indicates how oxidised the tea is and its flavour.

Question 35

explain the oxidation process in green tea leaves

Answer 35

For green tea, the oxidation process is omitted. They leaves are often pan-dried or steamed to kill active enzymes, which could react with the air The lack of oxidation gives green tea leaves their light flavour and delicate colour

Question 36

explain oxidation for tea with light tase

Answer 36

has its oxidation process stopped when leaves are light brown

Question 37

explain the oxidation in teas with a strong taste

Answer 37

, leaves remain in warmth until rich and coppery

Question 38

explain the process of drying or firing of tea leaves in tea production

Answer 38

The leaves are passed through hot air dryers. This reduces water content to ~ 3%, leaving them ready to be sorted and packed.

Question 39

what is coffee

Answer 39

A brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from 3 Coffea species: Coffea arabica, C. liberia and C, robusta.

Question 40

what are coffee plants and where are they found

Answer 40

Coffee plants are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and also tropical Asia

Question 41

what do coffee plants produce

Answer 41

edible red or yellow fruits called cherries, and these contain 2 seeds , the so called coffee beans

Question 42

what countries export coffee

Answer 42

Brazil is the world leader, followed by Vietnam, Indonesia, and Colombia. gives them good income

Question 43

what are the steps to coffee production

Answer 43

Picking or harvesting ripened coffee cherries. Separating seeds/beans from the skin and pulp . Drying and milling the beans to remove husk. Grading and sorting the beans by size and weight. The milled beans, now referred to as green coffee, are loaded in shipping containers for trading. Prior to being packaged, sold or used, green coffee beans are transformed into aromatic brown beans by roasting at about 280oC. After roasting, the beans are immediately cooled, by air or water

Question 44

when is roasting of coffee beans preformed and why

Answer 44

Roasting is performed in the importing countries because freshly roasted beans must reach the consumer as fast as possible.

Question 45

in what way is decaffeinated coffee produced differently from normal coffee

Answer 45

produced by extracting caffeine from green coffee beans prior to roasting.

Question 46

what does low to moderate does of caffeine increase

Answer 46

alertness energetic arousal motivation cognitive performance

Question 47

what do high intakes of caffeine cause

Answer 47

anxiety nervousness sleep disturbances tremor, and tension

Question 48

how are dried and fully fermented seeds of Theobroma cacao produced

Answer 48

Ripe fruits are split. The pulp and seeds are formed into large mounds and covered with leaves. The pulp attracts insects and the mound ferments. The isolated seeds are dried and packed for trade. Beans are roasted, crushed and sieved to produce cocoa nibs which are finely ground to cocoa mass.

Question 49

what is cocoa butter expressed from and what is it

Answer 49

is expressed from the mass, leaving a residual chocolate powder or cocoa its a pale edible fat used to make chocolate and some toiletries like hand cream

Question 50

where is the cocoa bean tree native to and where does it grow

Answer 50

native to enteral and south America and the tree only grows in tropical regions

Question 51

name the 3 main varieties of cocoa plant and explain them

Answer 51

forastero - 80-90% of worlds production criollo - are rare and considered a delicacy, theyre also lower yield and less resistant to diseases that attack cocoa plant. So why few countries still produce it trinitario - is result of cross between criollo and forastero cocoa varieties

Question 52

what nutrients do cocoa beans provide

Answer 52

: potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron.

Question 53

what does caffeine do to urine output

Answer 53

increases it, so is a mild diuretic

Question 54

what are short term adverse affects of high caffeine intakes

Answer 54

: interrupted sleep, anxiety and behavioural changes.

Question 55

what caffeine intakes in adults dont rise safety concerns

Answer 55

intakes 400 mg/day (~5.7 mg/kg body weight) and single doses of 200 mg (~3 mg/kg)

Question 56

how many mg are pregnant women advised to limit their caffeine intake to per day

Answer 56

200 mg/day.

Question 57

what can too much caffeine intake in pregnancy lead to

Answer 57

to low birth weight babies or miscarriage

Question 58

what vitamins do most monster energy drinks contain

Answer 58

B vitamins, so may be why people think its a heathy option

Question 59

compare the caffeine content in red bull and monster cans

Answer 59

Red bull and monster have similar caffeine content but monster can has more as it bigger can

Question 60

what are mineral waters

Answer 60

Waters from natural springs, especially those with a pronounced flavour, have been given health-giving properties by many cultures over the years.

Question 61

why has bottled water consumption increased recently

Answer 61

Due to marketing and as its ‘fashionable’ to drink

Question 62

what are examples of European and uk mineral water company's

Answer 62

European waters: Evian, Vichy and Perrier. UK waters: Malvern, Ashburton, Scottish Highland etc.

Question 63

what nutritional benefits do mineral waters give

Answer 63

no special qualities apart from contributing minor quantities of Na, Ca and Mg. but contribute small amount to diet

Question 64

when wa sthe development of clean water a major contribution to public heath

Answer 64

19th centaury

Question 65

what are the 3 water supply's of uk public water and explain

Answer 65

Subterranean aquifers – water rich in Ca and Mg, low in bacterial contamination and usually needs less purification. Referred to as hard water Reservoirs – can be very low in minerals. Requires extensive purification, as does river water. Soft water Rivers