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D.T > Mechanical Devices > Flashcards

Mechanical Devices Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is the input?

A

The place where a force enters a system.

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2
Q

What is the output?

A

The place where power leaves a system

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3
Q

What are the four types of motion?

A
  • linear
  • rotary
  • reciprocating
  • oscillating
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4
Q

What do mechanical systems all have?

A

An input motion which transforms into force to make an output

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5
Q

What is linear motion?

A

Moves something in a straight line

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6
Q

What is rotary motion?

A

Where something moves around an axis or a pivot

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7
Q

What is an example of linear motion?

A

A train moving down a track

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8
Q

What is an example of rotary motion?

A

A wheel

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9
Q

What is reciprocating motion?

A

A repeated up-and-down motion or back-and-forth motion

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10
Q

What is an example of reciprocating motion?

A

Piston or a pump

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11
Q

What is oscillating motion?

A

A curved backwards and forwards movement that swings on an axis or pivot point

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12
Q

What is an example of oscillating motion?

A

Swing or a clock pendulum

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13
Q

What is a lever?

A

A bar featuring a pivot that can be pushed or pulled to make the moving of a load easier.

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14
Q

What are levers made up of?

A
  • effort
  • fulcrum
  • load
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15
Q

What is the effort?

A

Amount of force applied

- input

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16
Q

What is the fulcrum?

A

Where the lever pivots

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17
Q

What is the load?

A

Weight that needs to be moved

- output

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18
Q

What do levers use a mechanical advantage for?

A

Make lifting or applying pressure easier.

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19
Q

What is a mechanical advantage?

A
  • Amount of help you get from a machine
  • Compared to normal human effort
  • Created by levers
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20
Q

How is the mechanical advantage measured?

A

Dividing the load / effort (both in N)

  • or the output / input
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21
Q

How can mechanical advantage be calculated theoretically?

A

Measuring the distance between the load and the pivot.

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22
Q

Mechanical advantage =

A

Load/ effort

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23
Q

What are the the different classes of levers?

A

FLE

123

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24
Q

What is an example of a first order lever?

A

A crowbar

Seesaw

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25
What is an example of a second order lever?
Wheelbarrow
26
What is an example of a third order lever?
Tweezers | Fishing rods
27
Which order levers have a mechanical advantage?
1st | 2nd
28
Which order levers have a mechanical disadvantage?
1st | 3rd
29
Why are third class levers less common?
They do not have a mechanical advantage
30
What does joining levers together form?
Linkages
31
What is a linkage?
A system of links
32
What do simple linkages do?
Change - direction of motion - amount of force
33
What are reverse motion linkages?
Change the direction of input | - output goes opposite way
34
How do reverse motion linkages work?
Fixed pivot forces the change in direction.
35
What is an example of a reverse motion linkage?
Clothes horses
36
What movement are parallel motion or push/pull linkages?
Power goes backwards and forwards.
37
How do parallel motion or push/pull linkages work?
- two fixed pivots - input and output travel in same direction trough a link arm - each fixed pivot has a moving pivot either side
38
What does changing the placing of the fixed pivots in a parallel motion or push/pull linkage do?
- Changes amount of force exerted | - keeps direction the same
39
What is an example of a parallel motion or push/pull linkage?
Toolbox with draws
40
What motion is a bell crank linkage?
Change the direction of the of force by 90 degrees
41
What is an example of a bell crank?
Bicycle brakes
42
What motion is a crank and slider?
Change rotary motion into reciprocating motion
43
How do crank and slider linkages work?
- fixed pivot attached to crank | - turns around and pushes & pulls a slider
44
What is an example of a crank and slider linkage?
Car engine - ignition of petrol by spark plugs pushes slider up - moves connecting rod and turns crank
45
What is the motion of a treadle linkage?
- rotary input | - turns a crank on a fixed pivot
46
How does treadle linkage work?
- connecting rod - joins two moving pivots - to another fixed point
47
What is an example of treadle linkage?
Windscreen wipers
48
What are the different types of linkage?
- reverse motion - parallel motion or push/pull - bell crank - crank and slider - treadle
49
What are gears?
Wheels with teeth around the outside
50
How do gears transfer motion?
- Several wheels interlocked with teeth - Grip together so can withstand a greater force - enables them to move large objects
51
What is an example of gears?
Hand whisks | Bikes
52
What can gears do?
- Change direction - Speed Of movement
53
What are gear trains?
Two or more gears are joined together
54
What is a gear ratio?
The number of turns the driven gear will make for every turn of the drive gear. E.g smaller gears with fewer teeth turn faster than larger gears with more teeth.
55
What is the idler?
If the drive gear and the driven gear are separated by another gear
56
What do pulleys use to lift up loads?
Mechanical advantage
57
What are pulleys?
wheel shaped with a groove that allows a cord to sit inside the groove - used by hand - motorised winch
58
What does a single pulley do?
- changes the direction of the force | - pulling down easier than lifting up
59
What is an example of a single pulley system?
- cranes - lifting a bucket from a well - raising a flag - window blinds
60
Is there a mechanical advantage with a single pulley?
No | But it is referred to as having a mechanical advantage of one.
61
What is a block and tackle?
An arrangement of two or more pulleys to make lifting a load easier.
62
What are block and tackle pulley systems used for?
Lifting large difficult- shaped objects | - e.g... furniture
63
What does adding more wheels to a block and tackle do?
Increases the load it can lift.
64
What is the mechanical advantage of pulleys equal to?
Number of sections of rope pulling on the object
65
What do belt drives do?
Transfer movement from one rotating pulley to another | - pulleys held on a shaft
66
What are shafts and pulley wheels made out of?
Any material
67
What are pulley belts generally made from?
Soft flexible material | - like rubber
68
Why do pulleys and belts sometimes have grooves?
Help grip and turn
69
What are examples of belt driven mechanisms?
Winches Treadmills Washing machines
70
What is velocity ratio?
Distance moved by effort / distance moved by load
71
Velocity ratio =
Diameter of the driven pulley / diameter of the driver pulley
72
Output speed =
Input speed / velocity ratio

D.T (2 decks)

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