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Body synthetic > Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Time length of when hip implant starts to loosen

A

10-12 years

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2
Q

What are common conditions that lead to total knee arthroplasty?

A

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

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3
Q

Is the posterior stabilized knee implant classified as a constraint or unconstrained design

A

Unconstrained

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4
Q

What is a fast curing bone cement commonly used for cemented fixation in arthroplasty

A

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

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5
Q

List commonly used materials for knee implants

A 
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Cobalt chromium alloys
Titanium ally
Tantalum
Stainless steel
Zirconium alloy
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6
Q

What type of material has the greatest wear in hip replacements

A

Metal on polyethylene

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7
Q

What causes the loosening of implant at the bone-implant interface in hip implants

A

Osteolysis or dislocation

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8
Q

Describe adjacent disc degeneration caused by solid fixation

A

Disc degeneration fluid seen in the nucleus starts to leak, causing the drying out of the disc, which could lead to further back pain

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9
Q

140˚ flexion/extension
– 75˚ rotation (medial/lateral)
– Supports 1.8-4.3 times body weight

A

Range of Motion for Hip

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10
Q

– Muscles
– Body weight
– Normal forces

A

Forces on Hip

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11
Q

Normal angle of inclination for hip:

A

125 degrees
Great angle= more force on the head and longer limb
Lower angle = more force on neck shorter limb

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12
Q

Angle of Torsion

A

– Increased angle= pigeon toed

– Decreased angle= duck foot

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13
Q

Hip Cement

A

Acrylic cement for mantel

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14
Q

Metal on UHMWPE Hip

A

pros: non toxic, most common
cons: high wear rate

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15
Q

Ceramic on Ceramic Hip

A

pros: very low wear rate, non toxic
cons: squeaky hip, expensive

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16
Q

Ceramic on UHMWPE Hip

A

pros: low wear rate, low fracture rate
cons: expensive

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17
Q

Metal on Metal Hip

A

pros: very low wear rate
cons: metalosis

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18
Q

Hip Surgery- Posterior

A

pros: good access, preserve hip abductors
cons: more extensive, high disloaction rate

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19
Q

Hip Surgery- Lateral

A

common

pros: lower dislocation rate
cons: possible dysfunction of hip abductors, requires elevation of hips

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20
Q

Hip Surgery- Anterio-Lateral

A

pros: minimally invasive, access without cutting muscles, likely to remain, quick recovery, one incision
cons: reduce accuracy

21
Q

Hip Surgery- Anterior

A

pros: reduce dislocation in smaller heads
cons: potential damage to femoral cutaneous nerve

22
Q

Hip Surgery- Minimally Invasive

A

2 incisions

pros: reduce soft tissue damage
cons: reduce accuracy and visualization

23
Q

Types of Lumbar Interbody Fusion

A

⇒Anterior LIF (ALIF)
⇒Posterior LIF (PLIF)
⇒Lateral LIF (LLIF)
⇒Transforaminal LIF (TLIF)

24
Q

Gold Standard of Surgery

A

Anterior Cervical Diseconomy Fusion (ACDF)

25
Q

Posterior Screws are considered ______ ______

A

off label

26
Q

Soft Fusion

A

promotes fusion by small movements, less stress on adjacent levels

27
Q

Cobb Angle

A

angle between most tilted vertebrae above apex and most tilted vertebrae below apex

28
Q

What is IVD (Intervertebral Disc) Replacement

A

composite implant to mimic an intervertebral disc with endplates

29
Q

Pros of IVD replacement

A 
Maintain or increase flexibility and range
of motion
Maintain joint stability
Decrease stress transfer to adjacent
discs
Maintain disc height
Pain reduction
30
Q

8kN in females 10kN in males

A

strength required to break a femur

31
Q

Most common knee replacement

A

PS posterior Stabilising– cruciate sacrificing

32
Q

Native Knee joint medial vs lateral condyle

A

medial is larger

33
Q

Screw Home mechanism

A

helps knee lock in place

34
Q

Radius of curvature compared to Apperent curvature

A

A = 1 / R

35
Q

Apparent Curvature examples

A

large curvature- marble (very noticeable curve)

small curvature- earth (not very noticeable)

36
Q

static stabilizers knee and hip

A

ligaments (ACL, MCL, LCL, PCL)- knee

iliofemoral ligament- hip

37
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

38
Q

tendons

A

connect bone to muscle

39
Q

Q angle

A

longitudinal tibial axis with quadrecpt

40
Q

Austin Moore Hip implant

A
  1. monolithic (one piece)
  2. large head
  3. holes in the stem to allow more bone growth
  4. uses posterior surgical approach
41
Q

Angle of inclination

A

femoral longitudinal axis and the femoral neck

42
Q

Angle of Torsion

A

twist in the shaft of the head

epicondyles and axis of the neck

43
Q

Osteolysis

A

bone reabsorption due to inflammatory response to wear debris

44
Q

bursas, bursitis

A

sacs in joints, inflammation in sacs in joints

45
Q

Atlas (C1)

A

responsible for nodding and head rotation, ring like very little body

46
Q

Axis Dens (C2)

A

dens is a projection upward acting as a pivot for the Atlas

47
Q

Hydroxyapatite (HA)

A

taken from the body and put in the spacer to promote fusion

48
Q

PEEK

A

transparent in radiograph (radio translucent), use to visualize bone fusion

Body synthetic (4 decks)

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