Mechanics of Resp Part 1 - Quiz 2 Flashcards Preview

GNURS627/Respiration/Physiology for Anesthesa > Mechanics of Resp Part 1 - Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Mechanics of Resp Part 1 - Quiz 2 Deck (25)
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2
Q

What are the primary goals of the respiration system?

A

Distribute air and blood flow for gas exchange.Provide oxygen to cells in body tissue.Remove carbon dioxide for body.Maintain homeostasis for metabolic needs.

3
Q

What are the two ventilation phases?

A

Inspiration and expiration.

4
Q

What is the blood volume within the lungs?

A

500 mL (10% of total blood volume.

5
Q

What factors are required to alter lung volumes?

A
  • Respiratory muscles; - Tissue elastance and resistance;- Distribution of air movement within the lungs(resistance within the airway:- Overcoming surface tension within alveoli,
6
Q

What transmits motor stimulation to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)

7
Q

What transmits motor stimulation to the external intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves (T 1-11)

8
Q

How much does diaphragm move down during inspiration?

A

1 cm

9
Q

How much does diaphragm move down during a forced inspiration?

A

10 cm

10
Q

The external intercostal muscles are responsible for what percentage of inspiration?

A

25 %

11
Q

What is lost when external intercostal muscle lose innervation?

A

Sensation of inhalation is decreased.

12
Q

What muscles assist with forced inspiration during periods of stress or exercise?

A

Scalene muscle and Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

13
Q

What muscle are needed for active expiration?

A

Rectus abdominus/abdominal oblique muscles and Internal intercostals muscles.

14
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

Pressure difference between the alveolar pressure and pleural pressure on outside of lungs.

15
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

Thin serosal membrane that envelopes the lobes of the lungs.

16
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

Lines the inner surface of the chest wall, lateral mediastinum, and most of the diaphragm.

17
Q

What effect does the lymphatic drainage have on the pleura?

A

Constant suction on the pleura (-5 cmH2)

18
Q

Is the pressure of the fluid in the space between the lung pleura (visceria) and chest wall pleura (parietal) negative or positive?

A

Negative

19
Q

What happens if the pleural pressure becomes positive in the lung?

A

Lung collapse (Pneumothorax, hemothorax, chylothorax.

20
Q

What is the average functional residual capacity?

A

2.5 L

21
Q

True of False: Spirometry can measure residual volume (RV).

A

False

22
Q

True or False: The functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) cannot be measure by spirometry alone.

A

True

23
Q

What can determine the functional residual capacity and total lung capacity?

A

Helium dilution; Nitrogen washout; Body plethysmography.

24
Q

What are the functions of respiration?

A

Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation, diffusion of O2 & CO2 between alveoli and blood; transport of O2 and CO2 to and from tissues; regulation of ventilation and respiration.

25
Q

Where do the scalene muscle attach and what is their function?

A

Attach at the cervical spine to apical rib and elevate the first two ribs during forced inspiration.

26
Q

Where do the sternocleidomastoid muscle attach and what is their function?

A

Attach at the base of skull (mastoid process) to top sternum and clavicle medially. They function to raise the sternum during forced insiration.