Mechanism of Actions Flashcards by Zachary Schulz

What is the MOA of Colchicine?

Inhibits mircotubule formation in bone cells and prevents neutrophil activation

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Which gout medication is a purine analog and xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces the production of uric acid?

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

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Which gout medication blocks renal tubule reabsorption of urate and increases uric acid excretion?

Probenecid (Benemid)

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T/F: Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor

True

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Which gout medication is a pegylated uricase enzyme which catalyzes oxidation of uric acid to allantoin for easier excretion?

Pegloticase (Krystexxa)

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Which gout medication is a recombinant urate-axoidase enzyme which catalyzes oxidation of uric acid to allantoin for easier excretion?

Rasburicase

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What is the MOA of systemic corticosteroids in arthritis treatment?

Inhibit cytokine production, adhesion, protein activation, inflammatory cell migration, and activation

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Which DMARD inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and regulation?

Which cells does this have the most effect on?

Methotrexate

This effects proliferating cells (bone marrow, oral mucosa, bladder, malignancy)

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Which RA medication works as a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that blocks anti-inflammatory effect?

Leflunomide (Arava)

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Which anti-malarial is used in RA treatment?

Hydroxychloroquine

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Which tetracycline ABx is used for it’s anti-inflammatory properties in RA treatment?

Minocylcine

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Which class of RA treatment medications are genetically engineered block inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6)?

Anti-TNFs…..

Adalimumab (Humira)
Etanercept (Enbrel)
Infliximab (Remicade)
Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)
Golimumab (Simponi)

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Abatacept is a selective __-____ costimulation modulator

T-Cell

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Rituximab targets and removes abnormal __-____ to decrease the autoimmue response in RA

B-Cells

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Tocilizumab is a ___-__ receptor antagonist

IL-6

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Ustekinumab targets which two ILs?

IL-12

IL-23

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Which class of osteoporosis medications works to increase bone mass and reduce fractures by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Bisphosphonates…..

Alendronate
Reisedronate
Ibandronate
Zoledronic Acic

Teriparatide (Forteo) builds bone by stimulating ___________ (osteoclasts/osteoblasts).

Osteoblasts

Which medications indicated for osteoporosis is a monoclonal antibody that blocks RANK ligand, which would normally stimulate osteoclasts?

Denosumab (Prolia)

Calcitonin ________ (inhibits/stimulate) bone resorption

Inhibits

Which class of ADHD medications act as sympathomimetics to increase NE and DA in the brain by blocking reuptake?

Stimulants

Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

Atomoxetine works as a selective _____ (NE/DA) reuptake inhibitor and is a _________ (stimulant/non-stimulant) in the treatment of ADHD

Non-Stimulant

How do the BRZAs work in insomnia treatment?

Selectively bind GABA receptor at 1 site for targeted sedation without anticonvulsant effects

What is the MOA of melatonin?

Natural hormone produced by the pineal gland

What is the MOA of Ramelteon (Rozerem)?

Melatonin Receptor Angoinst used for the maintenance of normal circadian rhythms (Other Melatonin Receptor Agonists.....Tasimelteon)

What is the name of the orexin receptor antagonist used in insomnia treatment?

Suvorexant (Belsomra)

What class of anti-depressants block the presynaptic serotonin transporter leaving more serotonin available?

SSRIs ``` Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Paroxetine (Paxil) Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) Sertraline (Zoloft) Vortioxetine (Brintellix) ```

What class of anti-depressants bind to 5-HT and NE receptor transporters?

SNRIs ``` Venlafaxine (Effexor) Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Milnacipran (Savella) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) ```

This anti-depressant works to increase central NE and 5-HT activity by being a 5-HT receptor, H1 receptor, and peripheral alpha 1 receptor antagonist?

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

What is the MOA of Bupropion (Wellbutrin)?

Weak NE and DA reuptake inhibitor

Do TCAs have anticholinergic properties?

Yes

Are TCAs more like SNRIs or SSRIs?

SNRIs

TCAs have an effect on the cells of which organ?

Heart | Block fast Na+ cells in the myocardium

What is the MOA of Trazodone and Vilazodone?

5-HT receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor

MAOIs work to increase levels of what?

5-HT, NE, DA

What anxiolytic medication class works by binding to the GAMMA subunit of GABA-A receptors facilitating the inhibition of GABA effects?

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) ``` Alprazolam (Xanax) Lorazepam (Ativan) Clonazepam (Klonopin) Diazepam (Valium) Oxazepam (Serax) Temazepam (Restoril) Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) ```

What classes of anti-psychotic medications work as D2 receptor antagonists, 5-HT2c receptor antagonist, Alpha-1 antagonist, H1-antagonist, and M1 antagonists?

First Generation Anti-Psychotics ``` Haloperidol (Haldol) Fluphenazine (Prolixin) Perphenazine (Trilafon) Thioridazine (Mellaril) Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) ``` Second generation Anti-Psychotics ``` Aripiprazole (Abilify) Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) Asenapine Maleate (Saphris) Clozapine (Clozaril) Iloperidone (Fanapt) Lurasidone (Latuda) Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Olanzapine/Fluoxetine (Symbyax) Paliperidone (Invega) Quetiapine (Seroquel) Risperidone (Risperdal) Ziprasidone (Geodon) ```

What is the MOA of Valbenazine (Ingrezza)?

VMAT2 Inhibitor which works to decrease DA release

T/F: The MOA of Iloperidone (Fanapt) is relatively unknown but believed to be a DA and 5-HT antagonist

True

Asenapine (Saphris) is an antagonist to what?

DA 5-HT NE HI