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Mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Name of the mechanism when alkane is converted to haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution

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2
Q

Reagents of free radical substitution

A

Br2 or Cl2

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3
Q

Conditions of free radical substitution

A

UV light

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4
Q

Name of the mechanism when haloalkane is converted to alkene

A

Elimination

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5
Q

Reagents of elimination when a haloalkane is converted to an alkene

A

KOH

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6
Q

Conditions of elimination when a haloalkane is converted to an alkene

A

Ethanol, reflux

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7
Q

Name of the mechanism when an alkene is converted to a haloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition

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8
Q

Reagents of electrophilic addition when an alkene is converted to a haloalkane

A

HBr, HCl, Br2, Cl2

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9
Q

Name of the mechanism when an alkene is converted to an alkyl hydrogen sulphate

A

Electrophilic addition

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10
Q

Reagent of electrophilic addition when an alkene is converted to an alkyl hydrogen sulphate

A

H2SO4

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11
Q

Name of the reaction type when an alkene is converted to an alcohol

A

Direct Hydration

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12
Q

Reagent of direct hydration when an alkene is converted to an alcohol

A

steam

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13
Q

Catalyst of direct hydration when an alkene is converted to an alcohol

A

H3PO4

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14
Q

Reagent when an alkyl hydrogen sulphate is converted to an alcohol

A

H2O

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15
Q

Name of the mechanism when a haloalkane is converted to an alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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16
Q

Reagent of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an alcohol

A

NaOH

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17
Q

Conditions of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an alcohol

A

Aqueous, heat under reflux

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18
Q

Name of mechanism when a haloalkane is converted to an amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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19
Q

Reagent of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an amine

A

Excess NH3

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20
Q

Condition of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an amine

A

ethanol, heat and pressure

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21
Q

Name of mechanism when a haloalkane is converted to a nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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22
Q

Reagent of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an a nitrile

A

KCN

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23
Q

Condition of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an a nitrile

A

Water and ethanol

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24
Q

Type of reaction when a nitrile is converted to an amine

25
Reagent/condition of reduction when a nitrile is converted to an amine
H2/Nickel catalyst
26
Name of reaction type when a primary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde or carboxylic acid
Oxidation
27
Name of reaction type when a secondary alcohol is converted to a ketone
Oxidation
28
Reagent of oxidation when a primary/secondary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde, carboxylic acid/ketone
K2Cr2O7 H2SO4
29
Conditions of oxidation when a primary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde
Distillation
30
Conditions of oxidation when a primary alcohol is converted to a carboxylic acid
Reflux, excess oxidising agent
31
Conditions of oxidation when a secondary alcohol is converted to a ketone
reflux or distillation
32
Conditions of oxidation when an aldehyde is converted to a carboxylic acid
reflux
33
Name of mechanism when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol
Nucleophilic addition
34
What is the reaction type when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol
Reduction
35
Reagents of nucleophilic addition when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol
NaBH4
36
Conditions of nucleophilic substitution when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol
Acidic solvent
37
Name of mechanism when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to a hydroxyl nitrile
Nucleophilic addition
38
Reagent of nucleophilic addition when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to a hydroxyl nitrile
KCN and HCl
39
Condition of nucleophilic addition when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to a hydroxyl nitrile
Acidic (aqueous ethanolic)
40
Name of reaction when an ester is formed
Esterification
41
Reagent/condition of esterification
Alcohol and carboxylic acid Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
42
What type of ester hydrolysis takes place to produce carboxylic acid and alcohol
Acid hydrolysis Heat + reflux
43
What type of ester hydrolysis takes place to produce a salt (COONa) and alcohol
Alkali hydrolysis warm aqueous NaOH
44
Name of mechanism when acyl chloride is converted to carboxylic acid, an ester, amide and N-substituted amide
Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination
45
Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to carboxylic acid in nucleophilic addition-elimination
Water
46
Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to an ester in nucleophilic addition-elimination
Alcohol
47
Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to an amide in nucleophilic addition-elimination
Ammonia
48
Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to N-substituted amide in nucleophilic addition-elimination
Amine
49
Name of reaction when benzene is converted to nitrobenzene
Nitration of benzene
50
Name of mechanism when benzene is converted to nitrobenzene
Electrophilic substitution
51
Condition of electrophilic substitution when benzene is converted to nitrobenzene
Concentrated H2SO4 Concentrated HNO3
52
Name of reaction when benzene is converted to acyl benzene
Electrophilic substitution
53
Condition of electrophilic substitution when benzene is converted to acyl benzene
AlCl3 catalyst
54
What is the reaction when nitrobenzene is converted to phenyl amine
reduction
55
Reagents/conditions of reduction when nitrobenzene is converted to phenyl amine
Concentrated HCl Sn
56
Conditions when glucose is converted to alcohol
Yeast 35 degrees Celsius No oxygen
57
Reaction type when alkane is converted to CO2 and H2O
Combustion
58
Reagents of combustion when alkane is converted to CO2 and H2O
O2

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