Mechanisms of evolution

Question 1

what are the 3 key factors of evolution?

Answer 1

Hereditary, variation, Differential reproduction

Question 2

Which is example of evolution?
Beetles are smaller because not enough food.
The color of beetles change throughout generations

Answer 2

The color change, a small body size is not determined by genetics,
In the second one you compare 2 gens and they are different

Question 3

What are the mechs of change

Answer 3

MIgration, mutation, Genetic drift, natural selection,

Question 4

What is migration

Answer 4

ex . some new members join a population. This adds some more variation to the population.

Question 5

ex. could cause parents with
genes for bright green colouration to
have offspring with gene for brown
colouration.

Answer 5

Mutation

Question 6

What is genetic drift

Answer 6

Selection is caused by a random event.
one example is a bunch of green beetles get stepped on, this will cause fewer green beetles in the next gen.

Question 7

What is natural selection example

Answer 7

Some beetles that are green are easier to see and therefore are eaten. The brown ones that are not eaten get to reproduce. The next gen will have more brown beetles.

Question 8

What are sources of genetic variation

Answer 8

Mutations, gene flow,sex, and genetic shuffling

Question 9

What are mutations in terms of genetic variation

Answer 9

They are random, they can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
They do not always matter to evolution (if its in somatic cells)

Question 10

what are the causes of mutation

Answer 10

DNA fails to copy accurately
Radiation - it destroys DNA which repairs itself but not perfectly

Question 11

What is gene flow

Answer 11

It is the same as migration
any movement of genes from on pop to another
can be a source genetic variation

Question 12

What is sex and genetic shuffling

Answer 12

When the genes are mixed through mating
It introduces new gene variations to population

Question 13

Effects of genetic drift on evolution

Answer 13

Reduces genetic variation, acts faster and has more drastic results, contributes to speciation

Question 14

What is a population bottleneck

Answer 14

When the population size is reduced for at least one generation.
reduces genetic variation in small gens
pop will not adapt that quick

Question 15

What is the founder effect

Answer 15

When small numbr breaks off from bigger pop and starts a new pop.
this causes smaller genetic variation in the new pop
also non random sample of genes

Question 16

What does natural selection need to have

Answer 16

hereditary - traits need to be genetic
differential reproduction - not everyone can reproduce
Variation in traits

Question 17

What is fitness

Answer 17

used to describe how good a genotype is at producing offspring
example that help fitness
caring for offspring, having fancy feathers to attract mate ,

Question 18

What is sexual selection

Answer 18

Sexual selection acts on an
organism’s ability to mate.
What animals will do to find a mate, sometimes making it harder to survive,
ex peacocks

Question 19

What is female choice

Answer 19

females can choose which males to mate with, and sometimes whos sperm can fertilize egg.

Question 20

What is male competition

Answer 20

males compete to access female

Question 21

What are the ways we can get things at are not through adaption

Answer 21

Its a result of history - it always has been
Its a by product - ex blood is red because of the chemistry of blood
outdated adaption - might have been an adaption for past environment
Genetic drift - it is random, some traits are kept at random

Question 22

What is an example of a bottleneck in evolution

Answer 22

northern elephant seals have low gen variation because bottleneck caused by humans in 1890

Question 23

what are some examples of natural selection at work

Answer 23

katydids look like leaves, king snake mimic poisonous coral snake

Question 23

What are some misconceptions about natural selection.

Answer 23

Natural selection does not make perfect being, just good enough.
its a process not a guiding hand