mechanisms of evolution

Question 1

Gene Pool

Answer 1

total of all alleles within the population.

Question 2

Allele Frequency

Answer 2

The percent of each allele of a given gene in the population, determines the genetic characteristic of that population.

Question 3

Microevolution

Answer 3

Changing percentages or frequencies of alleles within populations leads to evolution within a population

Question 4

Mutation

Answer 4

is a change in the DNA of an individual
Affects body cells not inherited, affects sex cells inherited

Question 5

Gene Flow

Answer 5

the net movement of alleles from one population to another as a result of migration of the individuals

Question 6

Non- Random Mating

Answer 6

Mating among individuals on the basis of mate selection for a particular phenotype or due to inbreeding
Preferred phenotypes: choosing mates based on physical and behavioural traits
Inbreeding - closely related individuals breed together.

Question 7

Genetic Drift

Answer 7

change in frequency of alleles due to chance events in a breeding population
Founder effect: a change in gene pool that results when a few individuals start a new isolated population
bottleneck effect: changes in gene distribution that results from a rapid decrease in population size

Question 8

Natural Selection

Answer 8

Environment selecting for individuals in a population with certain traits that make them better able to survive & reproduce.

Question 9

3 types of natural selection:

Answer 9

Stabilizing Selection – favours an intermediate phenotype and selects against extreme variants of the phenotype
Directional Selection – favours phenotypes at one extreme over the other
Disruptive Selection – favours extreme phenotypes rather than intermediate phenotypes

Question 10

Sexual Selection

Answer 10

type of natural selection based on competition between males and choices made by females

Question 11

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 11

striking difference between male and females of the same species