Mechanisms of health and disease

Question 1

The common relationship between yin yang, the five element theory, and Ayurvedic dosha is what?

Neuroplasticity
Somatic
Homeostasis
Etiology

Answer 1

Homeostasis 

Question 2

Any stimulus that disrupts internal homeostasis is

Consciousness
Negative feedback
Stress
Pathology

Answer 2

Stress

Question 3

A sensor mechanism, integration/control center, and effector mechanism are part of a

Stress response
Post-isometric relaxation
Stimulus response
Feedback loop

Answer 3

Feedback loop

Question 4

Feedback that reverses the original stimulus, stabilizing physiological function, is

Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Stimulus response feedback
Regulatory response

Answer 4

 Negative feedback

Question 5

Biological rhythms are related to

Circadian patterns
Pathogenesis rhythm
Negative feedback
Positive feedback

Answer 5

Negative feedback

Question 6

Evidence of a healthy state includes

Adaptive capacity to stress
Strain in response to stress
Susceptibility to bacterial infection
Stress exceeding adaptive capacity

Answer 6

Adaptive capacity to stress

Question 7

A massage professional needs an understanding of disease processes. This study of disease processes is called.

Pathogenesis
Pathology
Epidemiology
Pharmacology

Answer 7

Pathology

Question 8

A group of signs and symptoms that identify a pathological condition linked to a common cause is called a

Disease
Diagnosis
Etiology
Syndrome

Answer 8

Syndrome

Question 9

Disease with a vague onset that develop slowly and remains active for a long time is considered

Acute
Communicable
Chronic
Idiopathic

Answer 9

Chronic

Question 10

Susceptibility to the disruption of homeostasis that is extensive enough to cause disease could be due to which of these factors

Hyperplasia
Malnutrition
Antineoplastics
Pathogenesis

Answer 10

Malnutrition

Question 11

Pathogenic organisms are considered to be

Parasites
Chemical agents
Allergens
Neoplasms

Answer 11

Parasites

Question 12

A neoplasm resulting from hyperplasia that is contained and encapsulated is considered

Acute
Chronic
Benign
Malignant

Answer 12

Benign

Question 13

Cancer cells’ reproduction of undifferentiated cells without boundary recognition is called

Replacement
Carcinogenesis
Metastasis
Anaplasia

Answer 13

Anaplasia

Question 14

Heat, redness, swelling, and pain are signs of

Cancer
Degeneration
Counterirritation
Inflammation

Answer 14

Inflammation

Question 15

Inflammatory exudate that accumulates during an inflammatory process does what?

Reduces swelling
Dilutes irritants
Inhibits tissue repair
Causes the release of mediators of inflammation

Answer 15

Dilutes irritants

Question 16

An inflammatory mediator that dilates blood vessels is

Histamine
Prostaglandins
Inflammatory exudates
Neutrophils

Answer 16

Histamine

Question 17

The purpose of an increase in tissue fluid volume during inflammation is

• To allow parenchymal cells to regenerate the area of injury
• To allow immune cells to travel quickly to destroy pathogens
• To support the activity of labile cells during tissue repair
• To increase the activity of histamine and kinins during tissue repair

Answer 17

To allow immune cells to travel quickly to destroy pathogens 

Question 18

Tissue repair for regeneration of functional cells is accomplished by

Stromal cells
Labile cells
Parenchymal cells
Fibrin cells

Answer 18

Parenchymal cells

Question 19

Tissue repair that results in a scar is called

Stroma
Replacement
Regeneration
Idiopathic

Answer 19

Stromal cells

Question 20

A major component of scar tissue is

Epidermis
Epithelium
Fibroblasts
Collagen

Answer 20

Collagen 

Question 21

Genetics, age, lifestyles, stress, environment, and pre-existing conditions are what?

-Determinants of immune hypersensitivity
-Predisposing risk factors for the development of disease
-Potential distribution routes for pathogens
-Warning signs of cancer

Answer 21

Predisposing risk factors for the development of disease 

Question 22

The number one complaint people make to their healthcare professional is

Decreased circulation
Joint Stiffness
Breathing difficulties
Pain

Answer 22

Pain

Question 23

Potential tissue damage is signaled by

Pain
Inflammation
Steroids
Moxibustion

Answer 23

Pain

Question 24

The sensory mechanisms for tissue damage are called

Intractable
Hyperalgesia
Nociceptors
Bradykinin

Answer 24

 Nociceptors

Question 25

Pain that is poorly localized, nauseating, and associated with sweating, and blood pressure changes is Superficial somatic pain Burning pain Aching pain Deep pain

Answer 25

Deep pain

Question 26

Pain that may be a symptom of an organ disorder is Superficial somatic pain Burning pain Aching pain Deep pain

Answer 26

Aching pain

Question 27

Pain that arises from the stimulation of receptors in the skin, or from the stimulation of receptors in skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, and fascia is called Visceral pain Phantom pain Somatic pain Referred pain

Answer 27

Somatic

Question 28

A massage application that creates a superficial somatic sensation that blocks a transmission of deep somatic or visceral pain is called Counterirritation Pain-spasm-pain cycle Reflex contraction Cutaneous stimulation

Answer 28

Counterirritation

Question 29

When pain is felt in a surface area away from the stimulated receptors, particularly in organs, it is called Visceral pain Phantom pain Somatic pain Referred pain

Answer 29

Referred pain 

Question 30

Aspirin is used in pain management, because its effects include Increased inflammation Inhibition of enkephalins Inhibition of prostaglandins Stimulation of A-delta nerve fibers

Question 31

According to Hans Selye, the response of the body to stress is called the Fight or flight response Resistance reaction Exhaustion phase General adaptation syndrome

Answer 31

General adaptation syndrome

Question 32

A common breathing disturbance in excessive or long-term stress is Breathing pattern disorder Immune suppression Gastritis Tetany

Answer 32

Breathing pattern disorder

Question 33

At which stage of life, are we best able to maintain effective homeostasis? Birth-3 years 4-12 years Adolescence to midlife 65 years and older

Answer 33

Adolescence to midlife

Question 34

How long should you wait to work on an area of tissue repair?

Answer 34

30 to 45 days