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Anatomy Book 2 > The Body As A Whole > Flashcards

The Body As A Whole Flashcards

1
Q

What is a combination of two or more atoms?

A

Molecule

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2
Q

What is a small particle of an element that is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons

A

Atom

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3
Q

What type of chemical bond is the most stable and is formed when two or more atoms share electrons?

A

Covalent bond

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4
Q

Which chemical bond is considered electrically neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons?

A

Polar covalent bond

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5
Q

Which chemical bond refers to when the atom is no longer electrically neutral because of the ratio of protons two electrons is no longer equal

A

Ionic bond

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6
Q

Process in which we convert the food we eat an air we breathe into the energy we need to function

A

Metabolism 

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7
Q

Chemical reaction that uses energy to build more complex molecules of carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

A

Anabolism

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8
Q

Chemical reaction that releases energy as they break down complex compounds

A

Catabolism

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9
Q

What is the primary carrier of chemical energy in cells called?

A

ATP

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10
Q

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions, but are not consumed or altered in the process

A

Enzymes

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11
Q

What is tapwater considered if the pH is lower than 7

A

Acidic

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12
Q

What is tap water considered if the pH is higher than 7

A

Alkaline

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13
Q

Which compounds are chemical structures that do not have carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Inorganic compounds

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14
Q

Which compounds are chemical structures I have carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Organic compounds

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15
Q

What percentage of our body weight do carbohydrates make up?

A

2 to 3%

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16
Q

What percentage of our body weight is made up of lipids or fats?

A

10 to 12%

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17
Q

What percentage of our body weight is made up of proteins, such as amino acids, and peptides?

A

20%

18
Q

What are the four chemical bases that make up the code in DNA?
(AGCT )

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

19
Q

Nucleotides arranged in two long strands that form a spiral are called what

A

Double helix

20
Q

What is a type of nucleic acid that is transcribed from DNA by enzymes and carries information to the ribosomes?

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

21
Q

What is the major component of eggs and sperm that conveys information about the genetic cycle?

A

Nucleic acids

22
Q

Method of passive transport where movement of ions and molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

A

Diffusion

23
Q

Diffusion of water from a region of lower solution concentration to a higher solution concentration across a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

24
Q

Method of passive transport that occurs when hydrostatic pressure forces water across a semipermeable membrane

A

Filtration

25
Q

Bringing substances into a cell by forming vesicles is called

A

Endocytosis

26
Q

Transporting substances out of a cell is

A

Exocytosis

27
Q

Describe the make up of a cell

A

80% water
15% protein
3% lipids
1% carbohydrates
1% nucleic acids

28
Q

Material that of a tissue are embedded in

A

Matrix

29
Q

Substance that props up the tissue

A

Extracellular matrix

30
Q

What is the most abundant tissue in the body and what is it made up of?

A

Connective tissue made up 90% ground substance

31
Q

What type of transport requires ATP and uses energy to create ion pumps

A

Active transport

32
Q

What are the three methods of passive transport within the cell membrane?

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Carrier mediated
Vesicular

33
Q

Which method of passive transport within a cell occurs with endocytosis and exocytosis

A

Vesicular

34
Q

Describe the three types of epithelial tissue membranes

A

Cutaneous - exposed to external environment
Serous - line, body cavities and not open to the external environment
Mucus - tubes that open to the exterior

35
Q

What type of fiber makes it more than 1/4 of the protein in the body?

A

Collagen

36
Q

Slippery substance between fascial layers that supports normal sliding

A

Hyaluronic

37
Q

Describe the two types of nerve cells

A

Neurons - functional units
Neuralgia - connect and support the neurons

38
Q

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

A

Correlation - two or more events that appear to be related

Causation- one event as a result of the occurrence of the other

39
Q

When a cell is able to perform a specialized function, the structure of the cell is modified. This is called what?

A

Cell differentiation

40
Q

What attaches epithelial tissues, to the underlying connective tissues?

A

Basement membrane

41
Q

Yin vs Yang

A

Yin - structure
Yang - function

Anatomy Book 2 (4 decks)

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