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KNAT 504 > Med Exam and EENT > Flashcards

Med Exam and EENT Flashcards

1
Q

signs

A

something that the clinician can see or feel in the patient
ex: temp, respiration, heartbeat, BP

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2
Q

symptoms

A

something the patient feels but the clinician cannot
ex: headache, nausea, dizziness, pain

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3
Q

how to get a comprehensive medical history

A

past med history: from the time they remember to now (illness, injury, accidents)

current health status: alcohol and drug use, diet, exercise, immunizations

family history: biological parents and grandparents; diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, kidney disease, CVD, DVT, allergies, asthma, mental illness, addictions

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4
Q

cephalocaudal systems review

A

-reviews system by system
-starts with skin (head to toe)
-HEENT
-respiratory
-cardiovascular
-GI
-peripheral vascular
-neurological
-hematological
-endocrine

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5
Q

what does a physical exam start with

A

taking vital signs

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6
Q

what are the vital signs

A

-height and weight
-BP
-HR and rhythm
-respiratory rate and rhythm
-body temp
-blood O2 saturation

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7
Q

what measures BP

A

sphygmomanometer

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8
Q

normal BP

A

less than 120/80

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9
Q

prehypertension

A

120-129/80-89

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10
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159/90-99

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11
Q

stage 2 hypertension

A

160+/100+

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12
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

180+/110+

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13
Q

normal resting HR

A

60-72 bpm (or to 100)

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14
Q

the pulse is described by what 3 things

A

rate
rhythm
force

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15
Q

normal adult respiration rate

A

12-20 breaths/min

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16
Q

evaluation of respiration includes

A

rate
effort
depth of inspiration
ratio of depth of inspiration to expiration

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17
Q

normal body temp

A

98.6 (range 96.4-99.1)

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18
Q

diaphragm of stethoscope used to hear

A

high-pitched sounds

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19
Q

bell of stethoscope used to hear

A

low-pitched sounds

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20
Q

used to view internal structures of the eye

A

ophthalmoscope

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21
Q

used to view ear and nose

A

otoscope

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22
Q

uses of the tuning fork

A

-check vibratory sensation
-check auditory sensitivity

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23
Q

dermatome

A

specific area of skin innervated by dorsal or sensory nerve root

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24
Q

myotome

A

single muscles or groups of muscles innervated by a single ventral or motor nerve

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25
Q

deep tendon reflex

A

involuntary motor reaction to a stimulus

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26
Q

T/F light palpation is always done before deep palpation

A

true

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27
Q

x-rays

A

-electromagnetic radiation to view internal structures
-fractures, dislocations, bony deformity, tumor, arthritis, bone cancer, foreign object

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28
Q

radionuclide bone scan

A

-nuclear imaging involving injections of short-lived radionuclide to assess bone abnormalities
-used for stress fractures, bone infections, bone cancer, and arthritis

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29
Q

fluoroscopy

A

-performed when clinician wants to see a “live” image to determine the size, shape, and movement of the tissue
-used to look at blood flow, tumors, fractures, organs, foreign bodies, and some soft tissue
-slight chance at developing certain types of cancer

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30
Q

CT scan

A

-combines high-resolution radiographs with computers to give visualization of internal structures in cross-section or 3D
-look at cross-sections of internal organs, bones, soft tissue, and blood vessels
-more radiation than x-rays

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31
Q

PET scan

A

-examines cell metabolism and biochemistry of tissue and organs
-can identify abnormal metabolic activity before CT or MRI
-low dose radiation

32
Q

MRI

A

-applies magnetic field to the body and creates an image
-used for identifying tumors, fractures, musculoskeletal injuries, soft-tissue conditions, and bleeding

33
Q

sonography

A

-high-frequency sound waves that penetrate the body to produce images of internal structures in real time
-used to identify tumors, enlarged lymph nodes, heart abnormalities, soft-tissue injuries, bleeding, and fetal development

34
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

-inserting a needle into a muscle and records electrical activity
-used to determine cause of muscle weakness and abnormal nerve conduction

35
Q

nerve conduction study

A

-measures electrical signals of a nerve associated with a specific muscles

36
Q

holter monitor

A

-device worn by a patient to monitor the hearts electrical activity during ADLs

37
Q

laparoscopy

A

-invasive procedure to view the inside of the abdomen

38
Q

urinalysis

A

-tests urine to determine pH, protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, hemoglobin, nitrite, leukocytes, urobilinogen, and specific gravity levels

39
Q

components of human blood

A

52%-62% plasma
38%-48% cells

40
Q

visual acuity

A

quality of vision

41
Q

emmetropia

A

20/20 vision

42
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

43
Q

hypermetropia

A

farsightedness

44
Q

blowout fracture

A

medial wall and floor fracture

45
Q

blown up fracture

A

orbital roof fracture

46
Q

periorbital contusion (black eye)

A

-direct trauma = swelling and hemorrhaging
-collection of blood and fluid = swelling

47
Q

corneal abrasions

A

-direct contact to cornea or foreign object
-pain, “something in my eye”, blurred vision, photophobia, watery eyes, redness

-cover eye and refer
-fluoresent dye strip to detect marks

48
Q

corneal or scleral lacerations

A

-open globe
-via blunt or sharp object rips open protective layer
-fluid leakage

49
Q

iritis

A

-moi: traumatic force to the eye
-s/s: pain, burning, photophobia, red

50
Q

hyphema

A

-blood in anterior chamber of eye
-moi: blunt trauma, spontaneous (sickle cell)
-s/s: pain, impaired vision
-refer to ER

51
Q

retinal detachment

A

-moi: jarring force to head, sneezing, spontaneous (Marfan’s syndrome)
-s/s: flashes of light, halos, blind spots

52
Q

ruptured globe

A

-moi: severe blunt trauma to globe
-s/s: irregular pupil, decreased vision, deformity, hyphema, appearance of foreign object from sclera
-medical emergency
-shield eyes

53
Q

conjunctivitis (pink eye)

A

-caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, or dry eye
-red and vascular engorgment
-moi: viral (clear, water), or bacterial (yellow or green)
-s/s: itchy, burning, photophobia, eyelids stuck together, hindered vision
-highly contagious

54
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

-bright red blood in the white of the eye
-broken blood vessel

55
Q

proptosis

A

-direct trauma to the orbit = swelling and hemorrhaging
-posterior swelling pushes eyeball forward (buldging)

56
Q

PEARL

A

pupils equal and reactive to light

57
Q

external ear components

A

pinna, auricle, external auditory canal, lateral surface of tympanic membrane

58
Q

middle ear components

A

ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes

59
Q

inner ear components

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

60
Q

external nose components

A

proximal 2/3 of nose and cartilage in lower 2/3 covered by skin

61
Q

internal nose components

A

2 cavities separated by the septum

62
Q

what makes up the oropharynx

A

soft palate
tonsillar pillars
tonsils
base of the tongue
posterior pharyngeal walls

63
Q

conductive deafness

A

-sound conduction pathway blocked
-mechanical dysfunction

64
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

loss involves the inner ear (connection to the brain)

65
Q

type 1 Le Fort fracture

A

fracture involves only the maxillary bone

66
Q

type 2 Le Fort fracture

A

fracture extends into nasal bone

67
Q

type 3 Le Fort fracture

A

cross the zygomatic bones and orbit

68
Q

otitis externa

A

-aka swimmers ear
-inflammation or infection of external canal and tympanic membrane
-presents with discharge

69
Q

otitis media

A

-presence of fluid in the middle ear
-viral or bacterial
-inflammation of the middle ear
-Weber test (tuning for on top of the head, where do you hear the sound)

70
Q

ruptured tympanic membrane

A

-moi: mechanical (slap to ear or blocked sneeze), cleaning ears with an object, strong Valsalva maneuver
-s/s: excruciating pain, hearing loss, tinnitus, blood or fluid leaking, redness

71
Q

auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)

A

-moi: single or repeated trauma
-s/s: red and swelling, liquid -> hardened nodules

72
Q

TMJ

A

-moi: lateral blow to the jaw
-s/s: pain opening and closing the mouth, decreased ROM, clicking, teeth malaligned
-philadelphia collar

73
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high-pitches sound resembling blowing wind that is experienced during respiration

74
Q

oral candidiasis

A

-thrush in babies
-yeastlike fungus Candida albians
-s/s: white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the tongue
-may occur after antibiotics

75
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

-inhibition of the facial nerve
-secondary to trauma or disease
-flaccidity of the facial muscles

KNAT 504 (3 decks)

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