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Med Pathology and Pharmacology > Med path- immune system > Flashcards

Med path- immune system Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A

natural, keep out invaders
first line of defense
-skin, mucous, inflammatory process

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2
Q

acquired immunity

A 
specificity and memory of response
-pathogenic response
designed to attack once pathogen enters body
-humoral (body fluids)
-cell mediated
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3
Q

10 body defenses

A
  1. eyes
  2. lymph nodes
  3. skin
  4. resp tract
  5. blood
  6. bone marrow
  7. liver
  8. spleen
  9. digestive system
  10. urogenital tract
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4
Q

leukocytes

A

WBCs

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5
Q

granulocytes

A

type of leukocytes
phagocytic– 2-3 day life span
types:
neutrohpil, basophil, eosinophils

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6
Q

neutrohpil

A

derived from bone marrow, respond to infection and inflamm die after phagocytosis pus

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7
Q

basophils

A

circulate in blood, located near blood vessels act as a vasodilator

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8
Q

eosinophils

A

derived from bone marrow respond to allergies and parasites, used to attack large particles

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9
Q

monocytes–agranulocytes

A

type of leukocytes
phagocytes circulating in blood– months-years life span types:
macrophages

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10
Q

macrophages

A

mature monocytes which have migrated to tissues clean up debris from neutrophils and kill remaining large particles

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11
Q

lymphocytes–agranulocytes

A

type of leukocytes

arise in bone marrow mature into B or T lymphocytes for ACQUIRED immunity, circulate in blood lymph and lymph nodes

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12
Q

external defenses

A 
penetration of host
intact skin: creates barrier-- secretes lactic and fatty scids
tears: lysozymes washing
hair: filtration of particles
GI tract: low pH
Urogenital tract: low pH, mucosal lining
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13
Q

internal defenses

A

after penetration
physiologic barriers– body temp, oxygenation, release of interferon
phagocytosis– immediate response, release cytokines to initiate inflamm response
infamm– clears pathogens

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14
Q

acquire immunity types

A

active– protection acquired by introduction to pathogen
natural: environment exposure
artificial: vaccine
passive– antibodies produced by one body, temp immunity
natural: placental transfer, breast feeding
artificial: immunoglobulin transfer

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15
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

bone marrow: production of lymphocytes

thymus: T cells learn discrimination

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16
Q

secondary lyphoid tissues

A

reservoirs for mature lymphocytes: tonsils/adenois, peyers patches, spleen, lymph nodes

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17
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance

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18
Q

epitope

A

molecular protrusion on surface of antigen interfaces with antibodies

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19
Q

IgA

A

location: mucous membranes secretions

defends external surface openings

20
Q

IgG

A

location: blood
antiviral and antibacterial, activates IgM, crosses placenta, responsible for infant immunity during first 6 months of life

21
Q

IgM

A

location: intravascular compartment

largest immunoglobulin promotes initial response

22
Q

IgD

A

location: surface of B lymphocytes

antigen receptor

23
Q

IgE

A

location: blood

eliminates parasitic infection activates mast cells to release histamine

24
Q

T lymphocytes

A

arise in the bone marrow and mature in thymus

25
Q

helper T cells

A

assist B cells to mature, secrete lymphokines, activate cytoxic T cells

26
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

recognize and destroy cells infected with viruses

27
Q

suppressor T cells

A

suppress activation of immune system to prevent body from attacking itself

28
Q

memory T cells

A

recognize antigens previously encountered and mount a stronger immune response

29
Q

lymphokines

A

hormones secreted by t cells help b cells augment antibody production, activate macrophages, help in recognition and destruction of cells infected with viruses

30
Q

neck check

A

if the infection/sickness goes below the neck aka into the respiratory tract, affects an organ participation needs to be stopped, otherwise participation can continue but modified

31
Q

hypersensitivity

A

inappropriate immune system

32
Q

immunodeficiency

A

absent or decreased immune response

33
Q

autoimmune

A

system attacks its own organ or system

34
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

hay fever
inhalant allergies
allergy induced asthma
anaphylactic shock

35
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

blood transfusion reactions
guillan- Barre syndrome
myasthenia gravis

36
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

antigen-antibody accumulation
urticaria
synovitis

37
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

contact dermatitis
latex allergy
transplantation rejection

38
Q

etiology AIDS

A

infected through transmission of body fluids

HIV RNA retrovirus

39
Q

pathogenesis AIDS

A

binds to macrophages B cells and helper T cells

infected cells replicated and often mutate

40
Q

prevention AIDS

A

education

41
Q

diagnosis AIDS

A

blood and saliva culture
antibodies
viral load ( virus in plasma)
CD4 count (T cell count)

42
Q

medical management AIDS

A

no cure
delay progress
prevent viral replication

43
Q

prognosis AIDS

A

chronic illness

poorer prognosis

44
Q

Asymptomatic stage AIDS

A

viral flu-like syndrome, immediately followed by latency period

45
Q

early symptomatic stage AIDS

A

weigh loss, fatigue, night sweats, fever, unexplained encephalopathy malignancy pneumonia

46
Q

Advanced stage AIDS

A

dementia, peripheral neuropathy, myalgia, RA, lymphoma, kaposi’s sarcoma

47
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

incidence: young women
etiology: unknown genetic
path: body produces antibodies against own cells causing chronic inflamm response, dependent on which organs are effected
diagnosis: blood work, s/sx
management: immuno-suppresants drugs, NSAIDs, corticosteroids
preventing flare ups: stop smoking, exercise, reduce sun exposure, avoid opportunisitic illness
prognosis: CV renal and or neurological involvement

Med Pathology and Pharmacology (2 decks)

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