Med path- immune system

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

natural, keep out invaders
first line of defense
-skin, mucous, inflammatory process

Question 2

acquired immunity

Answer 2

specificity and memory of response
-pathogenic response
designed to attack once pathogen enters body
-humoral (body fluids)
-cell mediated

Question 3

10 body defenses

Answer 3

1. eyes
2. lymph nodes
3. skin
4. resp tract
5. blood
6. bone marrow
7. liver
8. spleen
9. digestive system
10. urogenital tract

Question 4

leukocytes

Answer 4

WBCs

Question 5

granulocytes

Answer 5

type of leukocytes
phagocytic– 2-3 day life span
types:
neutrohpil, basophil, eosinophils

Question 6

neutrohpil

Answer 6

derived from bone marrow, respond to infection and inflamm die after phagocytosis pus

Question 7

basophils

Answer 7

circulate in blood, located near blood vessels act as a vasodilator

Question 8

eosinophils

Answer 8

derived from bone marrow respond to allergies and parasites, used to attack large particles

Question 9

monocytes–agranulocytes

Answer 9

type of leukocytes
phagocytes circulating in blood– months-years life span types:
macrophages

Question 10

macrophages

Answer 10

mature monocytes which have migrated to tissues clean up debris from neutrophils and kill remaining large particles

Question 11

lymphocytes–agranulocytes

Answer 11

type of leukocytes

arise in bone marrow mature into B or T lymphocytes for ACQUIRED immunity, circulate in blood lymph and lymph nodes

Question 12

external defenses

Answer 12

penetration of host
intact skin: creates barrier-- secretes lactic and fatty scids
tears: lysozymes washing
hair: filtration of particles
GI tract: low pH
Urogenital tract: low pH, mucosal lining

Question 13

internal defenses

Answer 13

after penetration
physiologic barriers– body temp, oxygenation, release of interferon
phagocytosis– immediate response, release cytokines to initiate inflamm response
infamm– clears pathogens

Question 14

acquire immunity types

Answer 14

active– protection acquired by introduction to pathogen
natural: environment exposure
artificial: vaccine
passive– antibodies produced by one body, temp immunity
natural: placental transfer, breast feeding
artificial: immunoglobulin transfer

Question 15

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 15

bone marrow: production of lymphocytes

thymus: T cells learn discrimination

Question 16

secondary lyphoid tissues

Answer 16

reservoirs for mature lymphocytes: tonsils/adenois, peyers patches, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 17

antigen

Answer 17

foreign substance

Question 18

epitope

Answer 18

molecular protrusion on surface of antigen interfaces with antibodies

Question 19

IgA

Answer 19

location: mucous membranes secretions

defends external surface openings

Question 20

IgG

Answer 20

location: blood
antiviral and antibacterial, activates IgM, crosses placenta, responsible for infant immunity during first 6 months of life

Question 21

IgM

Answer 21

location: intravascular compartment

largest immunoglobulin promotes initial response

Question 22

IgD

Answer 22

location: surface of B lymphocytes

antigen receptor

Question 23

IgE

Answer 23

location: blood

eliminates parasitic infection activates mast cells to release histamine

Question 24

T lymphocytes

Answer 24

arise in the bone marrow and mature in thymus

Question 25

helper T cells

Answer 25

assist B cells to mature, secrete lymphokines, activate cytoxic T cells

Question 26

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 26

recognize and destroy cells infected with viruses

Question 27

suppressor T cells

Answer 27

suppress activation of immune system to prevent body from attacking itself

Question 28

memory T cells

Answer 28

recognize antigens previously encountered and mount a stronger immune response

Question 29

lymphokines

Answer 29

hormones secreted by t cells help b cells augment antibody production, activate macrophages, help in recognition and destruction of cells infected with viruses

Question 30

neck check

Answer 30

if the infection/sickness goes below the neck aka into the respiratory tract, affects an organ participation needs to be stopped, otherwise participation can continue but modified

Question 31

hypersensitivity

Answer 31

inappropriate immune system

Question 32

immunodeficiency

Answer 32

absent or decreased immune response

Question 33

autoimmune

Answer 33

system attacks its own organ or system

Question 34

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 34

hay fever inhalant allergies allergy induced asthma anaphylactic shock

Question 35

Type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 35

blood transfusion reactions guillan- Barre syndrome myasthenia gravis

Question 36

Type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 36

antigen-antibody accumulation urticaria synovitis

Question 37

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 37

contact dermatitis latex allergy transplantation rejection

Question 38

etiology AIDS

Answer 38

infected through transmission of body fluids | HIV RNA retrovirus

Question 39

pathogenesis AIDS

Answer 39

binds to macrophages B cells and helper T cells | infected cells replicated and often mutate

Question 40

prevention AIDS

Answer 40

education

Question 41

diagnosis AIDS

Answer 41

blood and saliva culture antibodies viral load ( virus in plasma) CD4 count (T cell count)

Question 42

medical management AIDS

Answer 42

no cure delay progress prevent viral replication

Question 43

prognosis AIDS

Answer 43

chronic illness | poorer prognosis

Question 44

Asymptomatic stage AIDS

Answer 44

viral flu-like syndrome, immediately followed by latency period

Question 45

early symptomatic stage AIDS

Answer 45

weigh loss, fatigue, night sweats, fever, unexplained encephalopathy malignancy pneumonia

Question 46

Advanced stage AIDS

Answer 46

dementia, peripheral neuropathy, myalgia, RA, lymphoma, kaposi's sarcoma

Question 47

systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 47

incidence: young women etiology: unknown genetic path: body produces antibodies against own cells causing chronic inflamm response, dependent on which organs are effected diagnosis: blood work, s/sx management: immuno-suppresants drugs, NSAIDs, corticosteroids preventing flare ups: stop smoking, exercise, reduce sun exposure, avoid opportunisitic illness prognosis: CV renal and or neurological involvement