Med path- infections Flashcards
(48 cards)
infectious disease
pathogen causes injury and is associated with one or more clinical symptoms
colonization
a person can carry the disease and transmit to others but is aymptomatic
incubation period
period between the pathogen entering the host and the appearance of symptoms
incubation period
no symptoms
prodromal period
nonspecific constitutional symptoms
convalescene
symptoms fade
universal precautions
wash hands
contact precautions
used during direct patient care, use PPE, wipe down surface, do not share equipment
droplet precautions
large particle organisms, transmitted via sneeze, cough, laugh, travel 3 ft or less
airborne precautions
small particle organisms, carried in air current, transmitted by sneeze, cough, laugh
clostridium difficile (C diff)–bacterial
risk: 65 or older, antibiotic use
transmission: fecal-oral, nonsocomial, HCW
Path: antibiotics change intestinal flora
symptoms: persistent diarrhea, elevated WBCs
Treatment: D/C antibiotics, control diarrhea, flegyl or vancomycin
Staphylcocci–bacterial
risk: broken skin corticosteroid use
transmission: direct contact with open skin nonsocomial or community
path: secretes toxic enzymes, can enter blood stream
symptoms: fever, chills, malaise, pain and edema, abscess
treatment: vancomycin, drainage of abscess
Pseudomonas–bacterial
risk: hospitalization
transmission: wound contamination nosocomial
path: secretes toxins covering protects from immune response
symptoms: pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, swimmer’s ear, osteochondritis
treatment: antibiotic resistant local infection < risk than systemic
syphilis–bacterial
Risk: unprotected sex
transmission: sexual contact, placental transfer
path: enzymatic transfer to vascular and lymph tissue, damage through inflammatory response
symptoms: genital and/or mouth sores, flu like symptoms
treatment: antibiotics
chlamydia and gonorrhea–bacterial
risk: unprotected sex
transmission: sexual contact, mother to infant delivery
path: destruction of epithelial cells and lyphocytes
symptoms: pelvic pain, pain with urination, discahrge
treatment: antibiotics
streptococcus–bacterial
risk: none
transmission: respiratory droplets
path: dependent on area where colonization takes place
symptoms: pharyngitis, impetigo, scarlet fever,
treatment: antibiotics, emergency surgery w/ debridement
pneumococcus–bacterial
risk: <65 years recent flu, chronic illness, immune, dysfunction, alcoholism, splenectomy
transmission: respiratory droplets
path: colonizes in oropharnyx and spreads to sinuses, lungs and blood stream
symptoms: fever chills chest p! cough with sputum
treatment: antibitics, immunization
cellulitis–bacterial
acute infection of the dermis and subcu. tissues
localized tenderness, induration, heat, fever, malaise, chills, and regional adenopathy
use systemic anitiobitcs
associated with lymphatic disorder and ulcers
impetigo–bacterial
one of the most common skin infections in children, can blister (most common) or not blisters
face, neck, extremities, and hands
ecthyma–bacterial
deep ulcer with yellow-green crust that extends into the dermis
painful lesions often found on the lower limbs of debilitated individuals
Herpes simplex type 1–viral
risk: advanced age
transmission: direct contact
path: local infection, viremia, latent infection, reactivation possible
symptoms: mouth, throat and lip ulcers, fever and malaise
treatment: no cure, antiviral for symptoms: valacyclovir
Herpes simplex type 2–viral
risk: unprotected sex
transmission: sexual contact and during birth
path: local infection, viremia, latent infection, reactivation possible
symptoms: genital ulcers, discharge, burning and itching, fever, headache, malase
treatment: no cure antiviral for symptoms: acyclovir, famciclovir
varcella zoster (shingles)–viral
risk: >50 years, young adult in dorms, immunocompromised
transmission: airborne droplets or direct contact with eye or respiratory fluid
path: viremia, multiplies is organs and re-disseminates into blood steam and then skin/mucosa
symptoms: fever, malaise, distinct dermatomal rash
treatment: no cure, vaccination, bed rest, analgesics, itch relief, antibiotics for secondary infection, antivirals for adults only
* chickenpox is primary infection, long term could be postherpetic neuralgia
* RESIDES IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA
* not contagious
Mononucleosis–viral
risk: EBV epstein barr virus
transmission: direct contact with blood, oral secretion, transplanted organs
path: EBV cause lymph tissues proliferation: lives in B lymphocytes and may reactivate
symptoms: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, sore throat, splenomegaly, headache, tender lymph nodes
treatment: rest supportive care
