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Nursing TSC > Med Surg Exam 3 - Cardiac > Flashcards

Med Surg Exam 3 - Cardiac Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Which two heart chambers pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Right atrium and right ventricle

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2
Q

Which two chambers pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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4
Q

What is the rate of conduction for the SA node?

A

60-100 BMP

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5
Q

What is the rate of conduction for the AV node?

A

40-60 BPM

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6
Q

What is the rate of conduction for the Bundle of HIS?

A

20-40 BPM

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7
Q

What is the rate of conduction for the Purkinje fibers?

A

Less than 20 BPM

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8
Q

What are the 3 major sequential events for cardiac cycle?

A

Diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole

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9
Q

What is ejection fraction?

A

The percent of end diastolic volume ejected with each heart beat from the left ventricle

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10
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in L/min

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11
Q

What is the normal range of CO

A

4-6 L/min

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12
Q

What is the formula for CO

A

CO = SV x HR

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13
Q

What is stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat (60-130 mL)

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14
Q

What factors affect stroke volume?

A

Preload, Afterload, and Contractility

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15
Q

2 factors that affect afterload

A

systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance

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16
Q

How could preload be increased

A

Blood products and crystalloids

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17
Q

How can preload be decreased

A

Diuretics, nitrates, morphine

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18
Q

What increases afterload

A

Vasopressors and dopamine

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19
Q

What decreases afterload

A

Nitroprusside, ACE inhibitors, ARBs

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20
Q

What increases contractility

A

Digoxin and dobutamine

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21
Q

What decreases contractility

A

Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers

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22
Q

What heart sound makes a ‘lub’

A

S1

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23
Q

Which heart sound makes a ‘dub’

A

S2

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24
Q

Which heart sound makes gallop sounds

A

S3 and S4

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25
What does a friction rub sound like?
A harsh, grating sound
26
What are nursing interventions post cardiac cath?
Observe cath site for bleeding and hematoma, assess peripheral pulses, Allen's test, cap refill, color, temp, maintain bed rest for 2-4 hours
27
Define blood pressure
The pressure that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure increases when the heart beats and decreases when the heart rests
28
What is the relationship between the kidneys and the cardiovascular system?
Kidneys filter blood. When there is a decrease in cardiac output, there is a decrease in blood in the kidneys, which leads to decreased urine output
29
Normal blood pressure
Sys <120 Dia < 80
30
Elevated BP
Sys 120-129. Dia <80
31
Stage 1 HTN
Sys 130-130 or Dia 80-89
32
Stage 2 HTN
Sys >/= 140 or Dia >/=90
33
Which group has the highest prevalence of HTN
African Americans
34
Non-modifiable risk factors for HTN
Age, Male (until 45, then female at risk after 65), Family history, African American
35
Modifiable risk factors for HTN
Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol, sleep apnea, stress, tobacco smoker
36
Use beta blockers with caution in which patients
asthma
37
Monitor for what side effects when administering ACE inhibitors
hypotension, hyperkalemia, altered renal function, periorbital and oral edema, cough, proteinuria, neutropenia, orthostatic hypotension
38
Suffix for ACE inhibitors
-PRIL
39
Suffix for ARBs
-ARTAN
40
Side effects and nursing implications for ARBs
hypotension, fatigue, hepatitis, renal failure, monitor liver and kidney enzymes, monitor for angioedema
41
What is the MOA for alpha adrenergic blockers
Peripheral vasodilation. Used in severe hypertension
42
S/E of alpha adrenergic blockers
Orthostatic hypotension, weakness, headache, palpitations, headaches, reflex tachycardia
43
Suffix for alpha adrenergic blockers
-ZOSIN
44
5 examples of vasodilators that decrease peripheral resistance
Hydralazine, minoxidil, nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate
45
MOA of beta blockers
Blocks sympathetic nervous system, decreases HR, lowers BP, reduced O2 consumption during myocardial contraction
46
Name 2 nonselective (B1 and B2) beta blockers
Propranolol and Carvedilol
47
Name 3 selective (B1) beta blockers
Acebutalol, Atenolol, Metoprolol
48
Nursing considerations for beta blockers
Monitor for orthostatic hypotension, avoid in asthmatics, diabetics and heart block. Do not discontinue abruptly or vary administration time. Can mask the signs of hypoglycemia.
49
Main suffix of calcium channel blockers
-Dipine
50
Examples of 4 calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Diltiazem, Verapamil
51
What does the P wave on an EKG represent
atrial depolarization. Usually 0.08 to 0.12 seconds
52
What does the QRS complex represent
Ventricular depolarization (0.06 - 0.10 sec)
53
5 step process to interpret rhythm strip
Heart rhythm, Heart rate, P wave, PRI, QRS complex
54
Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
Regular rhythm, Rate 60-100, P wave upright, PRI 0.12-0.20, QRS complex less than 0.12
55
PACs (Premature Atrial Contractions
Irregular rhythm, normal rate (60-100), normal p wave, normal PRI, normal QRS
56
Which atrial dysrhythmia can cause micro clots to form and release into circulation
Afib
57
What are some interventions to control heart rate
Anticoagulation, Beta blockers, Cardioversion, Digoxin
58
Cardioversion fast facts
Consent needed, patient sedated, synchronized with R wave, used for Afib/Flutter/SVT
59
Defibrillation fast facts
Emergency, unconscious, unsynchronized patient, V-Fib/Vtach
60
Junctional rhythms originate from
AV node or bundle of HIS
61
First degree heart block
Everything normal except PRI is greater than 0.20 seconds
62
Second degree Heart Block - Mobitz Type 1/Weinkebacke
PRI: Longer, longer, drop
63
Second degree heart block type 2
Regular atrial rate, but ventricular rate is irregular. May have P wave without QRS
64
Third degree heart block
No relationship between the atria and ventricles
65

Nursing TSC (8 decks)

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