Med Term Chapter 10 - Reproductive System Flashcards
(343 cards)
1
Q
What is the female reproductive system function?
A
produces ova (the female reproductive cells), provides a location for fertilization and growth of a baby, and secretes female sex hormones. The breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.
2
Q
female primary organs
A
ovaries, vagina, uterine tubes, vulva, uterus, breasts
3
Q
ova
A
female sex cells or gametes produced in ovary; ovum fuses with sperm to produce embryo; singular is ovum; also called oocyte
4
Q
fertilization
A
fusion of ova and sperm to produce embryo; also called conception
5
Q
pregnancy
A
time from fertilization of ovum to birth of newborn
6
Q
breasts
A
milk-producing glands to provide nutrition for newborn; also called mammary glands
7
Q
sex hormones
A
secreted by gonads and adrenal cortex; estrogen and progesterone in females; testosterone in males
8
Q
genitalia
A
male and female reproductive organs
9
Q
uterus
A
also called womb; internal organ of female reproductive system; hollow, pear-shaped organ located in lower pelvic cavity between urinary bladder and rectum; receives fertilized ovum and becomes implanted in uterine wall, which provides nourishment and protection for developing fetus; divided into three regions: fundus, corpus, and cervix
10
Q
ovaries
A
female gonads; two glands located on either side of lower abdominopelvic region of female; responsible for production of sex cells, ova, and hormones estrogen and progesterone
11
Q
uterine tubes
A
carry ovum from ovary to uterus; also called fallopian tubes or oviducts
12
Q
vagina
A
organ in female reproductive system that receives penis and semen
13
Q
vulva
A
external female genitalia; consists of Bartholin’s glands, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris
14
Q
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A
hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of eggs in females and sperm in males
15
Q
luteinizing hormone (LH)
A
secreted by anterior pituitary; regulates function of male and female gonads and plays a role in releasing ova in females
16
Q
ovulation
A
release of an ovum from ovary
17
Q
estrogen
A
one of hormones produced by ovaries; works with progesterone to control menstrual cycle and is responsible for producing secondary sexual characteristics
18
Q
progesterone
A
one of hormones produced by ovaries; works with estrogen to control menstrual cycle
19
Q
fimbriae
A
fingerlike extensions on end of uterine tubes; drape over each ovary in order to direct ovum into uterine tube after being expelled by ovary
20
Q
anteflexion
A
while uterus is normally in this position, exaggeration of forward bend of uterus is abnormal; forward bend is near neck of uterus; position of cervix, or opening of uterus, remains normal
21
Q
perimetrium
A
outer layer of uterus
22
Q
fundus
A
domed upper portion of organ such as uterus
23
Q
corpus
A
body or central position of uterus
24
Q
cervix
A
narrow, distal portion of uterus that joins to vagina
25
endometrium
inner lining of uterus; contains rich blood supply and reacts to hormonal changes every month, which results in menstruation; during pregnancy, lining of uterus does not leave body but remains to nourish unborn child
26
myometrium
middle muscle layer of uterus; assists in propelling the fetus through the birth canal at delivery
27
menstruation/menstrual period
loss of blood and tissue as endometrium is shed by uterus; flow exits body through cervix and vagina; flow occurs approximately every 28 days
28
puberty
series of events leading up to a child becoming capable of reproduction
29
menarche
first menstrual period
30
menopause
cessation or ending of menstrual activity; generally between ages of 40 and 55
31
hymen
thin membranous tissue that covers external vaginal opening or orifice; broken during first sexual encounter of female; can also be broken prematurely by use of tampons or during some sports activities
32
vaginal orifice
external vaginal opening; may be covered by hymen
33
Bartholin's glands
glands located on either side of vaginal opening that secrete mucus for vaginal lubrication
34
labia majora
outer folds of skin that serves as protection for female external genitalia and urethral meatus
35
labia minora
inner folds of skin that serve as protection for female external genitalia and urethral meatus
36
urinary meatus
external opening of urethra
37
clitoris
small organ containing erectile tissue covered by labia minora; contains sensitive tissue around during sexual stimulation and is similar to penis in male
38
erectile tissue
tissue with numerous blood vessels and nerve endings; becomes filled with blood and enlarges in size in response to sexual stimulation
39
perineum
in male, external region between scrotum and anus; in female, external region between vagina and anus
40
lactation
function of secreting milk after childbirth from breasts or mammary glands
41
nurse
to breastfeed a baby
42
lactiferous glands
milk-producing glands in breasts
43
nipple
point at which milk is released from breast
44
lactiferous ducts
carry milk from milk-producing glands to nipple
45
areola
pigmented area around nipple of breast
46
gestation
length of time from conception to birth, generally nine months; calculated from first day to last menstrual period, with a range of from 259 days to 280 days
47
premature
infant born prior to 37 weeks of gestation
48
embryo
term to describe developing infant from fertilization until end of eighth week
49
fetus
term to describe developing newborn from end of eighth week until birth
50
placenta
also called afterbirth; organ attached to uterine wall composed of maternal and fetal tissues; oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between mother and baby through this; baby is attached to it by way of umbilical cord
51
umbilical cord
extends from baby's umbilicus (navel) to placenta; contains blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from mother to baby and carbon dioxide and wastes from baby to mother
52
amnion
innermost of two membranous sacs surrounding fetus; amniotic sac contains amniotic fluid in which baby floats
53
chorion
outer of two membranous sacs surrounding fetus; helps to form placenta
54
amniotic fluid
fluid inside amniotic sac
55
56
57
labor
period of time beginning with uterine contractions and ending with birth of baby; there are three stages: dilation, expulsion, and placental stage
58
delivery
emergence of baby from birth canal
59
parturition
term for labor and delivery
60
dilation stage
first stage of labor; begins with uterine contractions that press fetus against cervix causing it to dilate to 10cm and become thin; thinning of cervix is called effacement
61
effacement
thinning of cervix during labor
62
expulsion stage
stage of labor and delivery during which baby is delivered
63
crowning
when head of baby is visible through vaginal opening; a sign that birth is imminent
64
breech birth
placement of fetus in which buttocks or feet are presented first for delivery rather than head
65
placental stage
third stage of labor, which takes place after delivery of infant; uterus resumes strong contractions and placenta detaches from uterine wall and is delivered through vagina
66
abdomin/o
abdomen
67
amni/o
amnion
68
bi/o
life
69
carcin/o
cancer
70
cervic/o
cervix
71
chori/o
chorion
72
colp/o
vagina
73
culd/o
cul-de-sac
74
cyst/o
urinary bladder
75
dilat/o
to widen
76
embry/o
embryo
77
episi/o
vulva
78
fet/o
fetus
79
fibr/o
fibers
80
gynec/o
female
81
hem/o
blood
82
hemat/o
blood
83
hymen/o
hymen
84
hyster/o
uterus
85
lact/o
milk
86
lapar/o
abdomen
87
later/o
side
88
leuk/o
white
89
mamm/o
breast
90
mast/o
breast
91
men/o
menstruation
92
metr/o
uterus
93
nat/o
birth
94
olig/o
scanty
95
oophor/o
ovary
96
or/o
mouth
97
ovari/o
ovary
98
pareun/o
sexual intercourse
99
pelv/o
pelvis
100
perine/o
perineum
101
py/o
pus
102
radic/o
root
103
rect/o
rectum
104
salping/o
uterine tube
105
son/o
sound
106
tox/o
poison
107
uter/o
uterus
108
vagin/o
vagina
109
vulv/o
vulva
110
-al
pertaining to
111
-algia
pain
112
-an
pertaining to
113
-ar
pertaining to
114
-ary
pertaining to
115
-cele
protrusion
116
-centesis
puncture to withdraw fluid
117
-cyesis
pregnancy
118
-ectomy
surgical removal
119
-emesis
vomiting
120
-gram
record
121
-graphy
process of recording
122
-gravida
pregnant woman
123
-ia
condition
124
-iasis
abnormal condition
125
-ic
pertaining to
126
-ine
pertaining to
127
-itis
inflammation
128
-logy
study of
129
-lytic
destruction
130
-nic
pertaining to
131
-oid
resembling
132
-oma
tumor
133
-opsy
view of
134
-osis
abnormal condition
135
-otomy
cutting into
136
-ous
pertaining to
137
-para
to bear
138
-partum
childbirth
139
-pexy
surgical fixation
140
-plasty
surgical repair
141
-rrhagia
abnormal flow condition
142
-rrhaphy
suture
143
-rrhea
discharge
144
-rrhexis
rupture
145
-salpinx
uterine tube
146
-scope
instrument for viewing
147
-scopy
process of viewing
148
-tic
pertaining to
149
-tocia
labor and childbirth
150
a-
without
151
ante-
before
152
bi-
two
153
contra-
against
154
dys-
painful
155
endo-
inner, within
156
hyper-
excessive
157
in-
not
158
intra-
within
159
multi-
many
160
neo-
new
161
nulli-
none
162
peri-
around
163
post-
after
164
pre-
before
165
primi-
first
166
pseudo-
false
167
ultra-
beyond
168
amniotic
pertaining to amnion
169
cervical
pertaining to cervix
170
chorionic
pertaining to chorion
171
embryonic
pertaining to embryo
172
endometrial
pertaining to inner lining of uterus
173
fetal
pertaining to fetus
174
fibrous
pertaining to having fibers
175
lactic
pertaining to milk
176
mammary
pertaining to breast
177
ovarian
pertaining to ovary
178
perineal
pertaining to perineum
179
uterine
pertaining to uterus
180
vaginal
pertaining to vagina
181
vulvar
pertaining to vulva
182
antepartum
period of time before birth
183
multigravida
woman who has been pregnant many times
184
multipara
woman who has given birth to live infant many times
185
neonate
term for newborn baby
186
nulligravida
woman who has not been pregnant
187
nullipara
woman who has not given birth to a live infant
188
postpartum
period of time shortly after birth
189
primigravida
woman who is pregnant for the first time
190
primipara
woman who has given birth to a live infant once
191
gynecology
branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive system
192
neonatology
branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving newborns
193
amenorrhea
condition of having no menstrual flow
194
amniorrhea
flow of amniotic fluid when amnion ruptures
195
dysmenorrhea
condition of having painful menstrual flow
196
dyspareunia
condition of having painful sexual intercourse
197
dystocia
difficult labor and childbirth
198
hematosalpinx
presence of blood in a uterine tube
199
leukorrhea
whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge
200
mastalgia
breast pain
201
menorrhagia
condition of having abnormally heavy menstrual flow during normal menstruation time
202
metrorrhagia
term used to describe uterine bleeding between menstrual periods
203
metrorrhea
having discharge from the uterus that is not the menstrual flow
204
oligomenorrhea
condition of having light menstrual flow
205
oophoritis
inflammation of the ovary
206
ovarian carcinoma
cancer of the ovary
207
pyosalpinx
presence of pus in a uterine tube
208
salpingitis
inflammation of a uterine tube
209
endocervicitis
inflammation that occurs within the cervix
210
endometritis
inflammation of endometrium (inner layer of the uterine wall)
211
hysterorrhexis
rupture of the uterus
212
menometrorrhagia
excessive bleeding during menstrual period and at intervals between menstrual periods
213
cystocele
hernia or outpouching of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
214
rectocele
protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina
215
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
216
endometriosis
abnormal condition of endometrium tissue appearing throughout pelvis or on abdominal wall; tissue normally found within the uterus
217
perimetritis
inflammation in pelvic cavity around outside of the uterus
218
lactorrhea
discharge of milk from the breast other than normal lactation; any white discharge from a nipple
219
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
220
pseudocyesis
condition in which body reacts as if there is a pregnancy, but there is no pregnancy
221
salpingocyesis
pregnancy that occurs in the uterine tube instead of in the uterus
222
hysterosalpingography
taking of x-ray after injecting radiopaque material into uterus and uterine tubes
223
mammogram
x-ray record of the breast
224
mammography
x-ray to diagnose breast disease, especially breast cancer
225
pelvic ultrasonography
use of high-frequency sound waves to produce image or photograph or an organ, such as uterus, ovaries, or fetus
226
colposcope
instrument used to view inside the vagina
227
colposcopy
examination of vagina using an instrument
228
culdoscopy
examination of a blind pouch like area of the female pelvic cavity located posterior to the uterus, by introducing endoscope through wall of the vagina
229
laparoscope
instrument used to view inside abdomen
230
laparoscopy
examination of peritoneal cavity using an instrument
231
amniocentesis
puncturing amniotic sac using needle and syringe for purpose of withdrawing amniotic fluid for testing
232
cervical biopsy
taking a sample of tissue from the cervix to test for presence of cancer cells
233
endometrial biopsy
taking a sample of tissue from lining of the uterus to test for abnormalities
234
amniotomy
surgically cutting open the amnion; breaking the water
235
cervicectomy
surgical removal of the cervix
236
episiorrhaphy
to suture the perineum; postpartum procedure to repair episiotomy or any tearing of the perineum that occurred during birth
237
episiotomy
surgical incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery process; can prevent irregular tearing of tissue during birth
238
hymenectomy
surgical removal of the hymen
239
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
240
hysteropexy
to surgically anchor the uterus to its proper location in pelvic cavity
241
laparotomy
to cut open abdomen; performed in order to complete other surgical procedures inside abdomen or performed during a c-section
242
mammoplasty
surgical repair or reconstruction of the breast
243
mastectomy
surgical removal of the breast
244
oophorectomy
surgical removal of the ovary
245
radical mastectomy
surgical removal of breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes
246
salpingectomy
surgical removal of a uterine tube
247
vaginal hysterectomy
removal of the uterus through the vagina rather than through abdominal incision
248
HDN
hemolytic disease of the newborn; condition developing in baby when mother's blood type is Rh-negative and baby's blood is Rh-positive
249
Pap
Papanicolaou test; test for early detection of cancer of the cervix named after developer of test
250
What is the male reproductive system?
responsible for producing sperm, the male reproductive cell, secreting the male sex hormones, and delivering sperm to the female reproductive tract
251
primary organs in male reproductive system
testes, epididymis, penis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands
252
sperm
also called spermatozoon; male sex cell; one sperm fuses with ovum to produce a new being
253
penis
male sex organ; composed of erectile tissue that becomes erect during sexual stimulation, allowing it to be placed within female vagina for ejaculation of semen; larger, soft tip is referred to as glans penis
254
testes
male gonads; oval glands located in scrotum that produce sperm and male hormone, testosterone; also called testicles
255
epididymis
coiled tubule that lies on top of testes within scrotum; stores sperm as they are produced and turns into vas deferens
256
semen
contains sperm and fluids secreted by male reproductive system glands; leaves body through urethra
257
genitourinary system (GU)
organs of the urinary system and female or male sexual organs
258
seminal vesicles
two male reproductive system glands located at base of bladder; secrete fluid that nourishes sperm into vas deferens; fluid plus sperm constitutes much of semen
259
vas deferens
also called ductus deferens; long, straight tube that carries sperm from epididymis up into pelvic cavity where it continues around bladder and empties into urethra; one component, along with nerves and blood vessels, of spermatic cord
260
prostate gland
within male reproductive system produces fluids that nourish sperm
261
bulbourethral gland
also called Cowper's gland; these two small male reproductive system glands are located on either side of urethra just distal to prostate; secretion from these glands neutralize acidity in urethra and vagina
262
spermatogenesis
formation of mature sperm
263
seminiferous tubules
network of coiled tubes that make up bulk of testes; sperm development takes place in walls of tubules and mature sperm are released into tubule in order to leave testes
264
scrotum
sac that serves as container for testes; divided by septum, supports testicles and lies between legs and behind penis
265
androgen
class of steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex and testes; these hormones, such as testosterone, produce a masculinizing effect
266
testosterone
male hormone produced in testes; responsible for growth and development of male reproductive organs
267
erectile tissue
tissue with numerous blood vessels and nerve endings; becomes filled with blood and enlarges in size in response to sexual stimulation
268
glans penis
larger and softer tip of penis; protected by covering called prepuce or foreskin
269
prepuce/foreskin
protective covering over glands penis; this covering of skin is removed during circumcision
270
circumcision
surgical removal of prepuce, or foreskin of penis; generally performed on newborn male at request of parents; primary reason is for ease of hygiene; also a ritual practice in some religions
271
ejaculation
impulse of forcing seminal fluid from male urethra
272
urinary meatus
external opening of urethra
273
sphincter
ring of muscle around tubular organ; can contract to control opening of tube
274
spermatic cord
term for cordlike collection of structures that include vas deferens, arteries, veins, nerves, and lymph vessels; cord suspends testes within scrotum
275
andr/o
male
276
balan/o
glans penis
277
crypt/o
hidden
278
epididym/o
epididymis
279
genit/o
genital
280
hydr/o
water
281
immun/o
protection
282
orch/o
testes
283
orchi/o
testes
284
orchid/o
testes
285
pen/o
penis
286
prostat/o
prostate gland
287
spermat/o
sperm
288
testicul/o
testes
289
ur/o
urine
290
urethr/o
urethra
291
varic/o
dilated vein
292
vas/o
vas deferens
293
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
294
-cide
to kill
295
-gen
that which produces
296
-ile
pertaining to
297
-ism
state of
298
-lysis
to destroy
299
-ostomy
surgically create an opening
300
-plasia
formation of cells
301
-rrhea
discharge
302
-spermia
sperm condition
303
an-
without
304
anti-
against
305
epi-
above
306
hypo-
below
307
trans-
across
308
balanic
pertaining to the glans penis
309
epididymal
pertaining to the epididymis
310
penile
pertaining to the penis
311
prostatic
pertaining to the prostate gland
312
spermatic
pertaining to sperm
313
testicular
pertaining to the testes
314
vasal
pertaining to the vas deferens
315
vesicular
pertaining to the seminal vesicle
316
urology
branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of urinary system and male reproductive system
317
aspermia
condition of having no sperm
318
balanorrhea
discharge from the glands penis
319
oligospermia
condition of having too few sperm, making chances of fertilization very low
320
spermatolysis
term that refers to anything that destroys sperm
321
anorchism
absence of testes
322
cryptorchidism
failure of the testes to descend into scrotal sac before birth
323
hydrocele
accumulation of fluid around the testes or along the spermatic cord
324
orchitis
inflammation of one or both testes
325
testicular carcinoma
cancer of one or both testicles
326
varicocele
enlargement of veins of the spermatic cord
327
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
328
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
329
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
330
PSA
prostate-specific antigen; blood test to screen for prostate cancer
331
DRE
digital rectum exam; manual examination for an enlarged prostate gland performed by palpating the prostate gland through wall of the rectum
332
balanoplasty
surgical repair of the glans penis
333
epididymectomy
surgical removal of the epididymis
334
orchidectomy
surgical removal of one or both testes
335
orchidopexy
surgical fixation to move undescended testes into the scrotum and to attach them to prevent retraction
336
orchiectomy
surgical removal of one or both testes
337
orchiotomy
to cut into the testes
338
orchioplasty
surgical repair of the testes
339
prostatectomy
surgical removal of the prostate gland
340
vasectomy
removal of a segment or all of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from leaving male body
341
vasovasostomy
surgical procedure to reconnect the vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy
342
spermatocide
destroys sperm
343
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia; noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in males over age 50
