Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Health Science > Med Term Review Pt. 3 > Flashcards

Med Term Review Pt. 3 Flashcards

(159 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

AD, atrophy of the brain; dementia is a precursor; 1 in 9 elderly have this; there are meds that stop progression but do not cure it; idiopathic and no way to predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis aka Lou Gehrig’s; atrophy of motor neurons (PNS), cognitively fine but brains message to move isn’t working; no tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TIA/CVA

A

transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident; stroke; no accessory blood supply in brain and coronary arteries; ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; hemorrhagic is more common; slurred speech and muscle weakness; tissue dies forever;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an ischemic stroke?

A

blockage of an artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an hemorrhagic stroke?

A

rupture of an artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis; selma blair; 1 million people and climbing; myelin is being destroyed, results in damaged communication btwn brain and body;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Guillain-Barre

A

autoimmune; post bacterial or viral infection; body attacks neurons; pain, temporary paralysis in body and in vocal cords, speech problems; active and in remission whenever it wants; up to 18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy; congenital abnormal brain development; forceps during birth is a suspected cause; birthing trauma; moms lifestyle choices like if she’s an addict; permanent damage to child’s brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parkinsons

A

CNS problem with neurotransmitter dopamine (low dopamine levels); idiopathic tremors; no cure, more ratchety/random tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Seizure

A

not all are d/t epilepsy; nutritional, high fever; brain way of expressing pain; petite and grand mal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

grand mal seizure

A

usually brain damage; not as common; earth quake seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

petite mal seizure

A

zone out; usually no brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

capillary damage resulting in loss of vision from mismanaged blood sugar levels over time; sludgy blood; a way ppl are dx is through this, dr. examines the retina; takes many years; vision never returns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

glaucoma

A

typically in older people; risk is to damage the retina; drops for tx; intraocular pressure that is put on the optic nerve, can go blind if left untreated; tonometry to dx; mostly opthamologists do tx but a small number of optometrists can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

macular degeneration

A

idiopathic; age related; atrophy of the macula; no cure; happens where rods and cones are most concentrated in the macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

retinal detachment

A

spontaneous retina detaches from blood supply in eye; ER; can result in blindness if not tx ASAP; painful; requires stitches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness; light refraction problem with the way the light hits the cornea, more common that hyperopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Meniere’s/ vertigo

A

dizziness; inner ear problem where fluid can’t drain; apparatus has too much fluid, it gets swollen, causes backup and nerves get activated “saying your moving”; tx is diuretics and sedatives; no cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

overuse / old age; tx is hearing aids; sclerosis of ossicles, they vibrate constantly so scleroric and arthritic trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

neural deafness

A

usually congenital; tx is cochlear implant that is imbedded in cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CTE

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy; can’t see on MRI, only after death; abnormal protein deposits that cause neurons not to fire correctly and strangles them; developing brain is very susceptible; mimik AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tinnitis

A

ringing, buzzing, whistling in ear; idiopathic; no tx or cure; usually never stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TBI

A

traumatic brain injury; concussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Tx
treatment
20
DI
diabetes insipidus
21
cateract
protein deposits that cloud the lens; tx is cadaver lens transplantation
21
IDDM
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
21
GH
growth hormone
22
aden/o
gland
23
glyc/o, gluc/o
sugar
24
gonad/o
sex gland
25
natr/o
sodium
26
DM
diabetes mellitus
27
CDE
certified diabetes educator
28
NIDDM
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
29
FBS
fasting blood sugar
30
crin/o
to secrete
31
myx/o
mucus; slime
32
immun/o
immune; immunity
33
tox/o, toxic/o
toxic; poison
34
DM/DI
diabetes mellitus/ insipidus ; type 1; autoimmune; adolescence; no insulin bc body destroys the cells that make it; synthetic insulin is tx
35
insulin
takes sugar out of the bloodstream and into cells for energy
36
NIDDM
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; type 2; body doesn't produce as much insulin or is resistant to insulin; tx is sometimes insulin shots
37
diabetic ketoacidosis
lead to death if insulin is not regulated correctly; there is either too little or no insulin for blood sugar; liver breaks down fat b/c they don't have energy from bloodsugar b/c there's no insulin, producing ketone acids, too many ketones is very dangerous
38
cushing's
too much cortisol; weakness; thin skin; hypertension; weight gain, usu around belly d/t tumor or steroid use; no death, treatable but many problems; iatrogenic (corticosteroids prescribed)
39
addison's
autoimmune; decreased cortisol/aldosterone; causes anemia; hypotension; hypoglycemia; increase skin pigmentation; joint pain
40
grave's
autoimmune that causes hyperthyroidism, bulging eyes, weight loss, thin and oily hair and skin
41
TED
thyroid eye disease
42
what meds are a lot of heart problems, cirrhosis, and edema pts. on?
diuretics b/c it decreases fluid volume which then decreases BP
43
what is the function of the urinary system
removes waste from your blood, in the form of urine; also helps regulate your blood volume and pressure and controls the level of chemicals and salts (electrolytes) in your body's cells and blood
44
-tripsy
crushing
45
cyst/o
cyst; fluid sac; bladder
46
noct/o
night
47
olig/o
scanty (very small)
48
-graphy
field of study
49
UA
urinalysis
50
-pexy
union; formation
51
nephr/o
relating to kidneys
52
-uria
urine condition
53
-gram
to record
54
UTI
urinary tract infection
55
KUB
kidney, ureter, and bladder
56
CATH
cardiac catheterization
57
dys-
painful; difficult
58
NEG
negative or normal
59
inter
between 2 or more things
60
lith/o
stone
61
sp gr
urine specific gravity
62
urologist
after pee problems and urinary tract in general
63
nephrologist
problems with filtering blood and making pee, kidneys
64
diuresis
increase in frequency of urination; urologist
65
dysuria
painful urination d/t std or uti; burning feeling; if left untreated bacteria can "crawl"up into bladder then to kidneys which results in renal failure; urologist
66
enuresis
nervous system disorder; typical in young kids; wet the bed, brain is not sophisticated enough to tell the rest of your body you need to pee; voluntary
67
incontinence
older people; can't hold it d/t muscular atrophy; pee involuntarily b/c muscles are weak; urologist; sphincter muscle
68
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones; lithotripsy is tx; urologist
69
PKU
genetic disorder where pt lack enzyme to break down phenylalanine in blood; pin poke needle in heal in babies to check for enzyme; meds; need to know early; can be toxic and result in death; OBGYN
70
PKU stands for
phenylketonuria
71
PKD
genetic kidney disease where cysts develop in kidney affecting functions, loss of function --> kidneys don't clean blood --> backup of blood in kidney --> hypertension --> nephrosclerosis; tx is dialysis then transplant; nephrologist
72
PKD stands for
polycystic kidney disease
73
dialysis
nephrologist; machine that cleans blood artificially so you don't have uremia and takes out the components of urine that haven't be able to be filtered out by the kidneys
74
urinalysis
pee in a cup and lab checks whats in it; can be used as pregnancy test; reads sugar content and can detect diabetes bc blood sugar is high and so much is in the blood its not all filtered out and it is left in urine; nephrologist
75
ov/o
ovum, egg
76
C&S
culture and sensitivity
77
HPV
human papillomavirus
78
andr/o
male
79
gynec/o
female
80
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
81
BR
bed rest
82
trans-
across; over; beyond
83
salping/o
fallopian/eustachian tube
84
oophor/o
ovary
85
VD
venereal disease, STD
86
TSE
testicular self examination
87
GU
genitourinary
88
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
89
N/V
nausea and vomitting
90
-cele
hernia; protrusion; swelling
91
STI
sexually transmitted infection
92
hyster/o
uterus
93
orch/o
testis; testicle
94
BSE
breast self examination
95
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
96
OB/GYN
obstetrics and gynecology
97
zo/o
life; animal
98
ED
erectile dysfunction
99
HSV
herpes simplex virus, herpes
100
-rrhagia
rupture
101
py/o
pus
102
-centesis
puncture, perforation
103
-arche
beginning
104
cry/o
cold
105
crypt/o
hidden
106
mast/o
breast
107
primi-
first
108
-partum
childbirth
109
nulli-
none; no
110
gon/o
seed
111
-rrhapy
suture, surgical repair
112
mamm/o
breast
113
-gravida
pregnant
114
-itis
inflammation
115
colp/o
vagina
116
-ic
pertaining to
117
prostate and testicular cancer
P: 1/8 adult males will be dx; 2nd cause of death in the US; T: 1/250 males, excellent survival rates blood work, urinalysis, and palpate prostate are screening tests of P cancer
118
testicular torsion
spontaneous twisting of spermatic cord; can cut of blood supply to testes; ER situation
119
epididymitis
600k cases per year; d/t idiopathic, STD's, or UTI's
120
UTIs are rare in
males
121
vasectomy
cutting the vas deferens to prevent sperm from getting to semen; urologist; done in office/ outpatient; permanent male birth control
122
placenta previa
placenta develops over exit (cervix) and it becomes blocked; automatic c-section
123
abruptio placentae
placenta suddenly detaches from uterus wall and baby is no longer getting oxygenated blood; tx within an hour (cesarean); sign is bleeding
124
preeclampisa
dramatic increase in BP; dangerous; aka toxemia; common and idiopathic; emergency situation; within 24hrs the baby must be delivered; body says its done making babies; swell up; uremia; meds to bring BP down
125
meconium apsiration
baby inhales meconium as they take their first breath
126
fibroids
benign blood tumor in uterus; made from uterine cells too; make flow heavy and huge blood clots, bad cramps; tx is ablation for very serious symptoms
127
ablation
cauterize (whatever needs to be)
128
endometriosis
inside layer of uterus that sheds every month develops outside the uterus; causes infertility b/c lining can't hold eggs, infections, immense cramping, abn. periods; no tx
129
hysterectomy total
whole uterus
130
hysterectomy partial
takes top of uterus and leaves cervix
131
hysterectomy radial
fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries
132
breach
baby's feet are first, can switch back up until the last second
133
breach birth
feet are first during birth
134
placenta
huge filter, extra protection that filters blood for the baby
135
which way is the best way a baby should be born
face down, head first
136
what can a hysterectomy also be done for
endometriosis if bad enough, not a cure but relieves a little pain
137
mastectomy
removal of breast
138
tubal ligation
permanent female birth control; cut and burn fallopian tubes; major surgery;
139
retina
takes light and turns it into a electrical impulse
140
ossicles
vibrate, transmits to cochlea which transmits electrical impulses for processing info
141
full term
40 weeks
142
premature
below 37 wks
143
mammogram
x-ray of breast to look for cancer; starts when you are 40;
144
untreated diabetes can cause
renal failure; hard on cardiovascular system
145
ways to check for breast cancer
mammogram and palpating the area
146
stages of labor
water breaks, dilation, effacement, expulsion, delivery of placenta
147
water breaks
mucus plug is release and water falls out
148
dilations
10 cm for baby to come out, cervix gets wider
149
effacement
cervix gets thinner
150
explusion
crowning, and baby descends; umbilical cord is cut
151
delivery of the placenta
uterus will detach and contract, pushing the placenta out

Health Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions