Med Term, The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(273 cards)
0
Q
Aortic valve
A
Valve between the aorta and the left ventricle.
1
Q
Aorta
A
Largest artery of the body; vessel through which oxygenated blood exists the heart.
2
Q
Arteriole
A
A tiny artery connecting to a capillary.
3
Q
Artery
A
A thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemtic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
4
Q
Atrioventricular bundle
A
Bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart’s conduction system; also called bundle of His.
5
Q
Atrioventricular (AV) node
A
Specialized part of the interatrial septum that sends a charge to the bundle of His.
6
Q
Atrioventricular valve
A
One of two valves that control blood flow between the atria and ventricles.
7
Q
Atrium
A
Either of the two upper chambers of the heart.
8
Q
Bicuspid valve
A
Atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart.
9
Q
Blood
A
Essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body; delivers nutrients to and removes waste from the body’s cells.
10
Q
Blood pressure
A
Measure of the force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries.
11
Q
Blood vessel
A
Any of the tubular passageways in the cardiovascular system through which blood travels.
12
Q
Bundle of His
A
Bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart’s conduction system.
13
Q
Capillary
A
The smallest blood vessel that forms the exchange point between the arterial and venous vessels.
14
Q
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
A
Waste material transport in the venous blood.
15
Q
Cardiac cycle
A
Repeated contraction and relaxation of the heart as it circulates blood within itself and pumps it out to the rest of the body or the lungs.
16
Q
Cardiovascular
A
Relating to or affecting the heart and blood vessels.
17
Q
Carotid artery
A
Artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck.
18
Q
Conduction system
A
Part of the heart containing specialized tissue that sends electrical charges through heart fibers, causing the heart to contract and relax at regular intervals.
19
Q
Coronary artery
A
Blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
20
Q
Depolarization
A
Contracting state of the myocardial tissue in the heart’s conduction system.
21
Q
Diastole
A
Relaxation phase of a heartbeat.
22
Q
Ductus arteriosus
A
Structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetus’s nonfunctioning lungs.
23
Q
Ductus venosus
A
Structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetal liver.
24
Endocardium
Membranous lining of the chambers and valves of the heart; the innermost layer tissue of heart tissue.
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Endothelium
Lining of the arteries that secretes substances into the blood.
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Epicardium
Outermost layer of heart tissue.
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Femoral artery
An artery that supplies blood to the thigh.
28
Foramen ovale
Opening in the septum of the fetal heart that closes at birth.
29
Heart
Muscular organ that receives blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.
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Inferior vena cava
Large vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium.
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Left atrium
Upper left chamber.
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Left ventricle
Lower left heart chamber.
33
Lumen
Channel inside an artery through which blood flows.
34
Mitral valve
Atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart.
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Myocardium
Muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and the endocardium.
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Pacemaker
Term for the sinoatrial (SA) node; also, an artificial device that regulates heart rhythm.
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Pericardium
Protective covering of the heart.
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Polarization
Resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart.
39
Popliteal artery
An artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee.
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Pulmonary artery
One of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs.
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Pulmonary valve
Valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries.
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Pulmonary vein
One of four veins that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
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Pulse
Rhythmic expansion and contraction of a blood vessel, usually an artery.
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Repolarization
Recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart.
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Right atrium
Upper right chamber of the heart.
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Right ventricle
Lower right chamber of the heart.
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Saphenous vein
Any group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs.
48
Semilunar valve
One of two valves that prevent the back flow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
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Septum
Partition between the left and right chambers of the heart.
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Sinoatrial node
Region od the right atrium containing specialized tissue that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle, causing it to contract.
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Sinus rhythm
Normal heart rhythm.
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Superior vena cava
Large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart.
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Systole
Contraction phase of the heartbeat.
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Tricuspid valve
Atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart.
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Valve
Any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or forward.
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Vein
Any of various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein.
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Vena cava
A large vein that transports blood to the heart.
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Ventricle
Either of the two lower chambers of the heart.
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Venule
A tiny vein connecting to a capillary.
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Angi(o)
Blood vessel
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Aort(o)
Aorta
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Arteri(o), arter(o)
Artery
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Ather(o)
Fatty matter
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Atri(o)
Atrium
65
Cardi(o)
Heart
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Hemangi(o)
Blood vessel
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Pericardi(o)
Pericardium
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Phleb(o)
Vein
69
Sphygm(o)
Pulse
70
Thromb(o)
Blood clot
71
Vas(o)
Blood vessel
72
AcG
Accelerator globulin
73
AF
Atrial fibrillation
74
AMI
Acute myocardial infarction
75
AS
Aortic stenosis
76
ASCVD
Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
77
ASD
Atrial septal defect
78
ASHD
Arteriosclerotic heart disease
79
AV
Atrioventricular
80
BP
Blood pressure (bpm) beats per minute
81
CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft
82
CAD
Coronary artery disease
83
cath
Catheter
84
CCU
Coronary care unit
85
CHD
Coronary heart disease
86
CHF
Congestive heart failure
87
CO
Cardiac output
88
CPK
Creatine phosphokinase
89
CPR
Cardiopulmonary reconstruction
90
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
91
CVD
Cardiovascular disease
92
DIC
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
93
DSA
Digital subtraction angiography
94
DVT
Deep venous thrombosis
95
ECG, EKG
Electrocardiogram
96
ECHO
Echocardiogram
97
ETT
Exercise tolerance test
98
GOT
Glut amid oxaloacetic transaminase
99
HDL
High-density lipoprotein
100
HR
Heart rate
101
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
102
LDL
Low-density lipoprotein
103
LV
Left ventricle
104
LVH
Left ventricle hypertrophy
105
MI
Mitral insufficiency; myocardial infraction
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MR
Mitral regurgitation
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MS
Mitral stenosis
108
MUGA
Multiple-gated acquisition
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MVP
Mitral valve prolapse
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PAC
Premature atrial contraction
111
PTCA
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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PVC
Premature ventricular contraction
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SA
Sinoatrial
114
SV
Stroke volume
115
TC
Total cholesterol
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tPA, TPA
Tissue plasminogen activator
117
VLDL
Very low-density lipoprotein
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VSD
Ventricular septal defect
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VT
Ventricular tachycardia
120
Angiocardiography
Viewing of the heart and it's major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
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Angiography
Viewing of the heart's major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
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Aortography
Viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
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Arteriography
Viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
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Auscultation
Process of listening to body sounds via a stethoscope.
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Cardiac catheterization
Process of passing a thin catheter through an artery or vein to the heart to take blood samples, inject a contrast medium, or measure various pressures.
126
Cardiac enzyme test/studies
Blood tests for determining levels of enzymes during a myocardial infarction; serum enzyme tests.
127
Cardiac MRI
Viewing the heart by magnetic resonance imaging.
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Cardiac scan
Process of viewing he heart muscle at work by scanning the heart of a patient into whom a radioactive substance has been injected.
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Cholesterol
Fatty substance present in animal fats; cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream, sometimes causing arterial plaque to form.
130
Digital subtraction angiography
Use of two angiograms done with different dyes to provide a comparison between the results.
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Doppler ultrasound
Ultrasound test of blood flow in certain blood vessels.
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Echocardiography
Use of sound waves to produce images showing the structure and motion of the heart.
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Ejection fraction
Percentage of the volume of the contents of the left ventricle ejected with each contraction.
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Electrocardiography
Use of the electrocardiograph in diagnosis.
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Holter monitor
Portable device that provides a 24-hour electrocardiogram.
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Lipid profile
Laboratory test that provides the levels if lipids, triglycerides, and other substances in the blood.
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Multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) angiography
Radioactive scan showing heart function.
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Phlebography
Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
139
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Type of nuclear image that measures movement of areas of the heart.
140
Serum enzyme tests
Laboratory tests performed to detect enzymes present during or after a myocardial infraction; cardiac enzyme studies.
141
Sonography
Production of images based on the echoes of sound waves against structures.
142
Sphygmomanometers
Device for measuring blood pressure.
143
Stress test
Test that measures heart rate, blood pressure and other body functions while he patient is exercising on a treadmill.
144
Triglyceride
Fatty substance; lipid.
145
Venograophy
Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium.
146
Vengriculogram
X-rat of a ventricle taken after injection of a contrast medium.
147
Aneurysm
Ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall.
148
Angina
Angina pectoris
149
Angina pectoris
Chest pain, usually caused by a lowered oxygen of blood supply to the heart.
150
Aortic regurgitation/reflux
Backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve.
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Aortic stenosis
Narrowing of the aorta.
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Arrhythmia
Irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat.
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Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries.
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Arteritis
Inflammation of an artery or arteries.
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Asystole
Cardiac arrest.
156
Atheroma
A fatty deposit (plaque) in the wall if an artery.
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Atherosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries caused by the buildup of atheromas.
158
Atrial fibrillation
An irregular, usually rapid, heartbeat caused by overstimulation of the AV node.
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Atrioventricular block
Heart block; partial or complete blockage of the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.
160
Bacterial endocarditis
Bacterial inflammation if the inner lining of the heart.
161
Bradycardia
Heart rate of fewer that 60 beats per minute.
162
Bruit
Sound murmur, especially an abnormal heart sound heard in auscultation, especially of the carotid artery.
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Cardiac arrest
Sudden stopping of the heart; also called asystole.
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Cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac.
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Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle.
166
Claudication
Limping caused by inadequate blood supply during activity; usually subsides during rest.
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Coarctation of the aorta
Abnormal narrowing of the aorta.
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Congestive heart failure
Inability if the heart to pump enough blood out during the cardiac cycle; collection of fluid in the lungs result.
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Constriction
Compression or narrowing caused by contraction, as of a vessel.
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Coronary artery disease
Condition that reduces the flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart.
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Cyanosis
Bluish or purplish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
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Deep vein thrombosis
Formation of a thrombus (clot) in a deep vein, such as a femoral vein.
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Dysrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm.
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Embolus
Mass of foreign material blocking a vessel.
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Endocarditis
Inflammation of the endocardium, especially an inflammation caused by a bacterial (for example, staphylococci) or fungal agent.
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Essential hypertension
High blood pressure without any known cause.
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Fibrillation
Random, chaotic, irregular heart rhythm.
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Flutter
Regular but very rapid heartbeat.
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Gallop
Triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease.
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Heart block
Heart block; partial or complete blockage if the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles.
181
Hemorrhoids
Varicose condition of veins in the anal region.
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High blood pressure
Chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90.
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Hypertension
Chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90.
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Hypertensive heart disease
Heart disease is caused, or worsed, by high blood pressure.
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Hypotension
Chronic condition with blood pressure below normal.
186
Infarct
Area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood.
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Infarction
Sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood, often due to an embolus or thrombus.
188
Intermittent claudication
Attacks of limping, particularly in the legs, due to ischemia of the muscles.
189
Intracardiac tumor
A tumor within one of the heart chambers.
190
Ischemia
Localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction.
191
Low blood pressure
Chronic condition with blood pressure below normal.
192
Mitral stenosis
Abnormal narrowing at the opening of the mitral valve.
193
Mitral insufficiency or reflux
Backward blood flow due to a damaged mitral valve.
194
Mitral valve prolapse
Backward flow of blood into the left atrium die to protrusion of one or both mitral cusps into the left atrium during contractions.
195
Murmur
Soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats.
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Myocardial infarction
Sudden drop in the supply of blood to an are of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery.
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Myocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium.
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Necrosis
Death of tissue or an organ or part due to irreversible damage; usually a result of oxygen deprivation.
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Occlusion
The closing of blood vessels.
200
Palpitations
Uncomfortable pulsations of the heart felt as a thumping in the chest.
201
Patent ductus arteriosus
A condition at birth in which the ductus arteriosus, a small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, remains abnormally open.
202
Perfusion deficit
Lack of flow through a blood vessel, usually caused by an occlusion.
203
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium.
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Peripheral vascular disease
Vascular disease in the lower extremities, usually due to blockages in the arteries of the groin or legs.
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Petechiae
Minute hemorrhages in the skin.
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Phlebitis
Inflammation of the vein.
207
Plaque
Buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery.
208
Premature atrial contractions (PACs)
Atrial contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations.
209
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
Ventricular contractions that occurs before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations.
210
Pulmonary artery stenosis
Narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate.
211
Pulmonary edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
212
Raynaud's phenomenon.
Spasm in the arteries of the fingers causing numbness or pain.
213
Rheumatic heart disease
Heart valve and/or muscle damage caused by an untreated streptococcal infection.
214
Risk factor
Any various factors considered to increase the probability that a disease will occur; for example, high blood pressure and smoking are considered rick factors for heart disease.
215
Rub
Frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indicating a pericardial murmur.
216
Secondary hypertension
Hypertension having a known cause, such as kidney disease.
217
Septal defect
Congenital abnormality consisting of an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles.
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Stenosis
Narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or of the cardiac valves.
219
Tachycardia
Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.
220
Tetralogy of Fallot
Set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation; ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
221
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein with a thrombus.
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Thrombosis
Presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel.
223
Thrombotic occlusion
Narrowing caused by a thrombus.
224
Thrombus
Stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood.
225
Tricuspid stenosis
Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve.
226
Valvulitis
Inflammation of the heart valve.
227
Varicose vein
Dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg.
228
Vegetation
Clot on a heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection.
229
Ansstomosis
Surgical connection to two blood vessels to allow blood flow between them.
230
Angioplasty
Opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dialation.
231
Angioscopy
Viewing of the interior of a blood vessel using a fiberoptic catheter inserted or threaded into the vessel.
232
Arteriotomy
Surgical incision into an artery, especially to remove a clot.
233
Atherectomy
Surgical removal of the Atheroma.
234
Balloon catheter dilation
Insertion of a balloon catheter into a blood vessel to open a passageway so blood can flow freely.
235
Balloon valvuloplasty
Procedure that used a balloon catheter to open narrowed orifices in cardiac valves.
236
Bypass
A structure (usually a vein graft) that creates a new passage for blood to flow from one artery to another artery or part of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages.
237
Cardiopulmonary bypass
Procedure used during surgery to divert blood flow to and from the heart through a heart-lung machine and back into circulation.
238
Coronary angioplasty
Opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dialation.
239
Coronary bypass surgery
A structure (usually a vein graft) that creates a new passage for blood to flow from one artery to another artery or part of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages.
240
Embolectomy
Surgical removal of an embolus.
241
Endovascular surgery
Any of various procedures performed during cardiac catheterization, such as angioscopy and atherectomy.
242
Fontan's operation
Surgical procedure that creates a bypass from the right atrium to the main pulmonary artery; Fontan's procedure.
243
Graft
Any tissue or organ implanted to replace or mend damaged areas.
244
Heart transplant
Implantation of the heart of a person who has just died into a person whose diseased heart cannot sustain life.
245
Hemorrhoidectomy
Surgical removal of Hemorrhoids.
246
Intravascular stent
Stent placed within a blood vessel to allow blood to flow freely.
247
Percutaneous trainsluminal coronary angioplasty
Insertion of a balloon catheter into a blood vessel to open the passage so blood can flow freely.
248
Phlebotomy
Drawing blood from a vein via small incision.
249
Stent
Surgically implanted device used to hold something (as a blood vessel) open.
250
Thrombectomy
Surgical removal of a thrombus.
251
Valve replacement
Surgical replacement of a coronary valve.
252
Valvotomy
Incision into a cardiac valve to remove an obstruction.
253
Valvuloplasty
Surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve.
254
Venipuncture
Small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution.
255
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Medication used for heart failure and other cardiovascular problems; acts by dilating arteries to lower blood pressure and makes heart pump easier.
256
Antianginal
Agent used to relieve or prevent attacks of angina.
257
Antiarrhythmic
Agent used to help normalize cardiac rhythm.
258
Anticlotting
Agent that prevents the formation of dangerous clots.
259
Anticoagulant
Agent that prevents the formation of dangerous clots.
260
Antihypertensive
Agent that helps control high blood pressure.
261
Beta blocker
Agent that lowers blood pressure by reducing contraction strength of the heart muscle; slows heartbeat.
262
Calcium channel blocker
Medication that lessens the ability of calcium ions to enter heart and blood vessel muscle cells; used to lower blood pressure and normalize some arrhythmias.
263
Cardiotonic
Medication for congestive heart failure; increases the force of contractions of the myocardium.
264
Diuretic
Medication that promotes the excretion of urine.
265
Heparin
Anticoagulant present in the body; also, synthetic version administrated to prevent clotting.
266
Lipid-lowering
Helpful in lowering cholesterol levels.
267
Nitrate
Any of several medications that dilate the veins, arteries, or coronary arteries; used to control angina.
268
Statins
A class of lipid-lowering agents that are the most frequently used today.
269
Thrombolytic
Agent that dissolves a thrombus.
270
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, TPA)
Agent that prevents a thrombus from forming.
271
Vasoconstrictor
Agent that narrows the blood vessels.
272
Vasodilator
Agent that dilates or widens the blood vessels.
