Med Terms Flashcards
(692 cards)
1
Q
a-, an-
Anorexia
A
without, not
Example: Anorexia (no body weight)
2
Q
ab-
Abduct
A
away from
Example: Abduct (take me away aliens!)
3
Q
-ac
*Cardiac *
A
pertaining to
Example: Cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
4
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
Example: your tummy dummy
5
Q
ablat/o
Ablation
A
to remove, take away
Example: Ablation
6
Q
abrad/o, abras/o
Abrasion
A
to scrape off
Example: Abrasion (the result of rubbing or scraping off the skin’s surface)
7
Q
acanth/o
Acanthosis nigricans
A
thorny, spiny
Example: Acanthosis nigricans (A skin condition characterized by dark, velvety patches, often associated with insulin resistance, where the skin feels spiny or rough)
8
Q
acid/o
A
acid, sour, bitter
9
Q
acous/o
acoust/o
*Acoustic *
A
hearing, sound
Example: Acoustic
Think: bands
10
Q
acu-
Acupuncture
A
needle
Example: Acupuncture (refers to using sharp needles that help various medical
conditions using ancient Chinese medical science. The root word “acu” means sharp,
while “puncture” means to pierce (as in a sharp needle piercing).
11
Q
ad-
Adhesion
A
to, toward, near
Example: Adhesion (sticking to)
Adrenal (near kidney, which describes the adrenal gland’s location)
12
Q
aden/o
Adenopathy
A
gland
Example: Adenopathy - disease of the lymph nodes or lymph ”glands”
13
Q
adenoid/o
Adenoiditis
A
adenoids
Example: Adenoiditis (inflammation of the adenoid gland)
14
Q
adip/o
*Adipose tissue *
A
fat
Example: Adipose tissue - which is the medical term for fatty tissue.
15
Q
adren/o
Adrenalectomy
A
adrenal glands
Example: Adrenalectomy (surgical removal of the adrenal glands)
16
Q
aer/o
Aeral
A
air, gas
Example: Aeral
Think: Planes
17
Q
agglutin/o
Hemagglutinin
A
clumping, sticking together
Example: Hemagglutinin (something that allows for the clumping together of blood)
18
Q
-agogue
Hypnagogue
A
producer, leader
Example: Hypnagogue (an inducer of sleep)
19
Q
-agra
Cardiagra
A
seizure
Example: Cardiagra (heart seizure)
20
Q
-al
cervical
A
pertaining to
Example: Cervical (pertaining to the neck)
cervic/o (neck)
-al (pertaining to)
21
Q
alb/o, albin/o
Albino
A
white
Example: Albino
22
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin
refers to the most common plasma protein, which is albumin.
23
Q
-algesia, alges/o
Analgesic, Analgesia
A
pain sensitivity
Example: Analgesia (something that decreases the sensitivity to pain. For example, the word “an” means no, not, or without and “algesia” is the suffix term for sensitivity to pain. An analgesic also decreases pain and makes use of the root word “alges”)
24
Q
-algia
Myalgia, Arthralgia
A
pain
Example: Myalgia (muscle pain)
Arthralgia (pain of a joint)
25
allo-
## Footnote
*Allergy *
**other, different**
Example: Allergy (the alteration in the capacity to react to an infection.)
26
alveol/o
## Footnote
*Alveolitis*
**air sac**
Example: Alveolitis (inflammation of the alveoli of the lungs)
27
ambi-
## Footnote
*Ambidextrous*
**around, on both sides, about**
Example: Ambidextrous (being able to use both hands)
28
ambly/o
## Footnote
*Ambyopia*
**dim, dull**
Example: Ambyopia (condition of poor vision in one eye because of a disconnect between the eye and the brain)
29
amni/o
**amnion**
(sac surrounding the embryo)
30
amphi-
## Footnote
*Amphibious*
**around, on both sides**
Example: Amphibious (living on both land and water)
31
an/o
**anus**
32
ana-
## Footnote
*Anatomy*
**up, backward, against**
Example: Anatomy (cutting up or dissection)
33
andr/o
## Footnote
*Androgen*
**male**
Example: Androgen which is the male hormone
34
angi/o
## Footnote
*Angiogram*
**vessel**
Example: Angiogram which is an x-ray of the blood vessels
35
anis/o
## Footnote
*Anisocoria*
**unequal**
Example: Anisocoria (condition of unequal pupils)
36
ante-
## Footnote
*Anteflexion*
**before, forward**
Example: Anteflexion (bending forward)
37
anter/o
## Footnote
*Anterior*
**front**
Example: Anterior (in front of)
38
anthrop/o
## Footnote
*Anthropogenesis*
**man, human being**
Example: Anthropogenesis (origin of man)
39
aort/o
**aorta**
Is the largest artery in the body
40
-apheresis
## Footnote
*Plasmapheresis*
**separation, removal**
Example: Plasmapheresis (method of removing blood plasma from the body by withdrawing blood)
41
aphth/o
## Footnote
*Aphthous ulcer*
**ulcer**
Example: Aphthous ulcer (canker sore)
42
apic/o
**apex**
43
аро-
## Footnote
*Apostaxis*
**away, separation**
Example: Apostaxis (slight hemorrhage or trickling of blood)
44
aque/o
## Footnote
*Aqueous*
**water**
Example: Aqueous
45
-ar
-ary
## Footnote
*valvular, coronary*
**pertaining to**
Example: Valvular (pertaining to the valve)
Coronary (pertaining to the heart)
46
arch/i, arch/e, -arche
## Footnote
*Archetype, Aortic arch*
**first**
Example: Archetype (refers to the first or original example of something)
Aortic arch (a curved part of the aorta, a major artery, and its branches)
47
arteriol/o
**small artery**
48
arthr/o
articul/o
## Footnote
*Arthroscopy*
**joint**
Example: Arthroscopy (a test that involves looking into a joint)
49
aspir/o, aspirat/o
## Footnote
*Aspiration*
**inhaling, removal**
Example: Aspiration (the inhalation of a foreign body or substance)
50
-asthenia, asthen/o
## Footnote
*Neurasthenia*
**weakness**
Example: Neurasthenia (nerve weekness)
51
astr/o
## Footnote
*Astrocytoma*
**star, star-shaped**
Example: Astrocytoma (star shaped brain cancer)
52
atel/o
## Footnote
*Atelectasis*
**incomplete, imperfect**
Example: Atelectasis (incomplete expansion of the alveoli)
53
ather/o
**fatty substance or fatty plaque within the blood vessels**
54
atmo-
## Footnote
*Atmosphere*
**steam, vapor**
55
-atresia
## Footnote
*Intestinal atresia*
**closure, occlusion**
Example: Intestinal atresia (blockage or occlusion of the intestinal tract that is usually
congenital)
56
atreto-
## Footnote
*Atresia*
**closed, lacking an opening**
Example: Atresia (refers to the absence of a normal body opening or passage)
57
atri/o
## Footnote
*Atrioventricular node*
**atrium or upper chamber of the heart**
Example: Atrioventricular node (node that connects the nerves from the atrium and the ventricle of the heart)
58
audi/o, audit/o
## Footnote
*Audiology*
**hearing**
Example: Audiology (the study of hearing)
59
aur/o, auricul/o
## Footnote
*Aural*
**ear**
Example: Aural (pertaining to the ear)
60
auscult/o, auscultat/o
## Footnote
*Auscultate*
**to listen**
Example: Auscultate. This term relies on the root word “ausculto”, which means “to listen”. The suffix “ate” implies an action term.
61
auto-
## Footnote
*Autobiography*
**self**
Example: Autobiography
62
axi/o
## Footnote
*axial*
**axis**
Example: An anatomic term referring to the axial, as in the axial skeleton.
63
axill/o
## Footnote
*Axillary*
**armpit**
Example: Axillary
64
azot/o
## Footnote
*Azotemia*
**nitrogen, urea**
Example: Azotemia (This is a term that means urea or nitrogen in the blood and is a condition that occurs during renal failure)
65
bacteri/o
**bacteria**
66
balan/o
## Footnote
*Balanitis*
**glans penis**
Example: Balanitis (infection or inflammation of this part of the penis)
67
bar/o
bary-
## Footnote
*Bariatric surgery*
**weight, pressure**
Example: Bariatric surgery
68
bi-
## Footnote
*Bilateral*
**two**
Example: Bilateral (affecting or involving both sides of the body)
69
bil/i
**bile**
70
bio-, bi/o
## Footnote
*Biopsy*
**life, living**
Example: Biopsy (examination of living tissue)
71
blast/o
## Footnote
*Blastocyst*
**early embryonic stage, immature**
Example: Blastocyst (an early embryo that consists of a ball of cells)
72
blenn/o
## Footnote
*Blennorrhagia*
**mucus**
Example: Blennorrhagia (the discharge of mucus, often from the genital organs)
73
blephar/o
## Footnote
*Blepharitis*
**eyelid**
Example: Blepharitis (infection or inflammation of the eyelid)
74
brachi-
## Footnote
*Brachial artery*
**arm**
Example: Brachial artery (artery in the upper arm)
75
brachy-
## Footnote
*Brachytherapy*
**short**
Example: Brachytherapy (special type of radiation therapy treatment in which the patient is given small radioactive beads that are directed for short distances near the tumor)
76
brady-
## Footnote
*Bradycardia*
**slow**
Example: Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
77
bronch/o
**bronchus**
related to the bronchial tree in the lungs
78
bronchiol/o
## Footnote
*Bronchiolitis*
**bronchiole or small bronchial tube**
Example: Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchioles or small airways)
79
bucc/o
## Footnote
*Buccal mucosa*
**cheek**
Example: Buccal mucosa (the mucous membrane within the mouth or inside the mouth)
The root word is “bucc”, which means mouth and the suffix “al” means “pertaining to”
80
burs/o
## Footnote
*Bursitis*
**fluid-filled sac near a joint or tendon**
Example: Bursitis (inflammation of the bursa, which is a fluid-filled sac near a joint or tendon)
81
cac/o
## Footnote
*Cachexia*
**bad, ill**
Example: Cachexia (bad habit, wasting or lack of nutrition)
82
calcane/o
## Footnote
*Calcaneus*
**heel bone**
Example: Calcaneus (this is the medical term for the heel bone)
83
calci/o
**calcium**
84
-calculia, calcul/o
## Footnote
*Acalculia*
**to compute**
Example: Acalculia (psychiatric and neurologic term referring to someone who has lost the ability to do math problems or compute things)
85
cali/o
## Footnote
*Caliceal stone*
**calyx**
Example: Caliceal stone (a kidney stone located in the calyx of the kidney.) The term “cali” refers to the renal calyx, while “eal” means relating to or pertaining to.
86
calor/i
## Footnote
*Calorie*
**heat**
Example: Calorie (measure of heat/energy in the body)
87
campt/o
## Footnote
*Camptocormia*
**bent**
Example: Camptocormia (refers to a posture with a bent or curved torso)
88
-capnia, capn/o
## Footnote
*Capnography*
**carbon dioxide**
Example: Capnography (test that measures the carbon dioxide level in the airway)
89
capsul/o, caps/o
**capsule, container**
90
carcin/o
## Footnote
*Carcinoma*
**cancer**
Example: Carcinoma
91
carp/o
## Footnote
*Carpal tunnel*
**wrist**
Example: Carpal tunnel syndrome
92
cata-
## Footnote
*Catatonia*
**down, under**
Example: Catatonia (downward tone or stupor)
93
cathar/o, cathart/o
## Footnote
*Cathartic*
**cleansing, purging**
Example: Cathartic (a drug capable of purging or cleansing the gastrointestinal tract).
It can result in vomiting or diarrhea but, based on its root term “cathart,” causes
purging or cleansing.
94
caud/o
## Footnote
*Caudal*
**tail or lower part of the body**
Example: Caudal (refers to something closer the tail or the lower part of the body)
It takes the “caudo” root word and adds the “al” suffix to it.
95
caus/o, cauter/o
**burn, burning**
Example: Causalgia (a condition in which the person has burning pain in their extremities)
96
cec/o
**cecum or first part of the large bowel**
97
-cele
## Footnote
*cyctocele*
**herniation**
Example: Cyctocele (herniation of the bladder)
cyst/o (bladder, sac)
-cele (herniation, protrusion)
98
celi/o
## Footnote
*Celiac Disease*
**abdomen**
Example: Celiac Disease (an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine)
99
-centesis
## Footnote
*Culdocentesis*
**surgical puncture of a cavity**
Example: Culdocentesis (the removal of blood or fluid from the cul-de-sac behind the uterus)
100
centr/o
**center**
101
cephal/o
## Footnote
*Encephalopathy*
**head**
Example: Encephalopathy (a disease of the brain. The root word “encephalo” means brain, while the word “pathy” means “disease of”)
102
cerebell/o
## Footnote
*cerebellum*
**cerebellum**
(the back part of the brain)
103
cerebr/o
## Footnote
*Cerebrum*
**brain**
Example: Cerebrum (thinking part of the brain)
104
cervic/o
**neck, cervix**
105
-chalasia
## Footnote
*Achalasia*
**relaxation**
Example: Achalasia (a condition of the esophagus where the esophagus fails to relax. The term “chalasia” means, by definition “no relaxation”, which results in food building up in the esophagus during eating)
106
cheil/o, chil/o
## Footnote
*Cheilitis*
**lip**
Example: Cheilitis (inflammation of the lips)
107
chem/o
## Footnote
*Chemotherapy*
**chemical, chemistry**
Example: Chemotherapy
108
-chezia, -chesia
## Footnote
*Hematochezia*
**defecation**
Example: Hematochezia (This literally means the defecation or elimination of blood or bleeding in the stools)
109
chir/o, cheir/o
## Footnote
*Chiropractor*
**hand**
Example: Chiropractor (A person who uses hands-on therapy)
110
chlor/o
## Footnote
*Chlorophyll*
**green**
Example: Chlorophyll - like the green pigment in plants
111
chol/e
## Footnote
*Cholecystectomy*
**gall, bile**
Example: Cholecystectomy (removal of the gall bladder)
112
chondr/o
## Footnote
*Costochondritis*
**cartilage**
Example: Costochondritis (inflammation of the cartilage in the front of the rib cage)
113
choledoch/o
## Footnote
*Choledocholithiasis*
**common bile duct**
Example: Choledocholithiasis (a stone in the common bile duct)
114
col
## Footnote
*Colitis*
**colon**
Example: Colitis (inflammation of the colon)
115
cor
## Footnote
*Cornea*
**pupil**
Example: Cornea (covers the pupil)
116
cost/o
## Footnote
*Costochondritis *
**rib**
Example: Costochondritis (an inflammation of the costochondral joints and means the joints in the chest related to the ribs)
117
cox/o
## Footnote
*Coxofemoral joint*
**hip**
Example: Coxofemoral joint.
This is another name for the hip joint. It uses the root words “coxo” and “femor” which mean hip and thigh bone, respectively. Together, they define a joint that connects these two structures.
118
crani/o
## Footnote
*Cranium*
**skull**
Example: Cranium
119
crin/o
## Footnote
*Endocrinology*
**secrete, separate**
Example: Endocrinology
This makes use of the prefix “endo”, meaning “in”, “crin”, which means “to secrete” and “ology”, which is the study of something. Together, this means the study of secreting in something or the study of hormones and the endocrine system
120
-crit
## Footnote
*Hematocrit*
**separate**
Example: Hematocrit
This means “to separate blood” as the term “hemato” means blood and “crit” means to separate. It is a measurement of the number of blood cells in blood
separated into plasma and red blood cells.
121
critic/o
## Footnote
*Critical care*
**crisis, dangerous**
Example: Critical care
This is a term used to describe the care of a seriously ill patient in the ICU.
The root word in this setting is “critic”, which means crisis or dangerous. The suffix is “al”, which means pertaining to.
122
cry/o
## Footnote
*cryo sleep*
**cold**
Example: cryo sleep
123
crypt/o
## Footnote
Cryptorchidism
**hidden, concealed**
Example: Cryptorchidism
(hidden or undescended testicle)
124
cubit/o
## Footnote
*Antecubital fossa*
**elbow, forearm**
Example: Antecubital fossa.
(This is the space in front of the elbow joint. “Ante” means before and “cubital” means pertaining to the elbow or forearm)
125
culd/o
## Footnote
*Culdocentesis*
**cul-de-sac**
Example: Culdocentesis.
This is the removal of blood or fluid from the cul-de-sac behind the uterus. It is a gynecological test that relies on the term “culdo,” which means culde-sac, and “centesis,” which means to remove fluid from something.
126
cune/o
## Footnote
*cuneiform bone*
**wedge, wedge-shaped**
Example: the cuneiform bones of the foot are wedge-shaped.
127
-cusis
## Footnote
*Hyperacusis*
**hearing**
Example: Hyperacusis.
This is a debilitating disease in which the patient experiences an increased
sensitivity to sounds of certain frequencies. It relies on the root word “hyper” which means “high or above” and the suffix “acusis”, which means hearing.
128
cutane/o
## Footnote
*Cutaneous*
**skin**
Example: Cutaneous (pertaining to the skin)
129
cyan/o
## Footnote
*Cyanosis*
**blue**
Example: Cyanosis (blue skin)
130
-cyesis
## Footnote
*Pseudocyesis*
**pregnancy**
Example: Pseudocyesis.
This is a psychiatric condition in which the woman has an imagined or
“false” pregnancy. It relies on the root word “cyesis”, which means pregnancy and the prefix “pseudo”, which means false.
131
cyst/o
## Footnote
*Cystitis*
**bladder, cyst**
Example: Cystitis (bladder inflammation)
132
cyt/o, -cyte
## Footnote
*Erythrocyte*
**cell**
Example: Erythrocyte (red blood cells)
133
chondr/o
## Footnote
*Costochondritis*
**cartilage**
Example: Costochondritis
This is an inflammation of the costochondral joints and means the joints in the chest related to the ribs. The root words “chondro” and “costo” are in it, which mean cartilage and rib, respectively
134
chrom/o
## Footnote
*Chromosome*
**color**
Example: Chromosome
135
chron/o
## Footnote
*Chronological order*
**time, timing**
Example: Chronological order
136
chrys/o
## Footnote
*Chrysler *
**gold**
Example: Chrysler
lol
137
-cide
## Footnote
*Suicide*
**killing, agent which kills**
Example: Suicide
This involves killing oneself and relies on the root word for “killing”, which
means “killing”. The extended word “suicidal” means “pertaining to kill”.
138
cine-
## Footnote
*Cinema*
**movement, the capture of moving images**
Example: Cinema
139
circum-
## Footnote
*Circumcision*
**around**
Example: Circumcision (means cutting around)
The term “circumocular” means around the eye, while “circumoral” means around the mouth.
140
cirrh/o
## Footnote
*cirrhosis*
**yellow**
Example: cirrhosis (means yellowing of the skin due to a disease of the liver
characterized by increase of connective tissue and alteration in the gross and
microscopic makeup)
141
-clasis, -clasia
## Footnote
*Arthroclasia*
**break**
Example: Arthroclasia (breaking
of a joint or breaking up of adhesions)
142
cleid/o
## Footnote
*Sternocleidomastoid muscle*
**clavicle, collar bone**
Example: Sternocleidomastoid muscle. This is a muscle that connects the collar bone to the mastoid process. It makes use of four root words: “sterno”, “cleido”, and “mastoid” in one word and “muscl” in the other word.
143
coagul/o
## Footnote
*clotting of blood*
**coagulation**
the clotting of blood in or out of the blood vessels. It uses the root words “coagul” and the suffix “ation”, which means process or condition.
144
coccyg/o
## Footnote
*Coccygeal*
**tail bone, соссух**
Example: Coccygeal
This is a word that used “coccyg” and “eal”, which means of or pertaining to
the tailbone or coccyx.
145
cochle/o
## Footnote
*Cochlear implant*
**cochlea, inner part of the ear**
Example: Cochlear implant
This is an artificial implant placed in the cochlea or inner ear for the treatment of deafness. The root word “cochle” means inner ear or cochlea.
146
colp/o
## Footnote
*Colposcopy*
**vagina**
Example: Colposcopy
This is a visual examination of the vagina and cervix. It relies on the
root word for “vagina,” which is “colpo,” and the suffix “scopy,” which refers to
the visual examination of something
147
coni/o
## Footnote
*Pneumoconiosis*
**dust**
Example: Pneumoconiosis
A lung disease caused by inhaling dust particles.
148
contra-
## Footnote
*Contraception*
**against, opposite**
Example: Contraception (means something that is against conception)
149
contus/o
## Footnote
*Contusion*
**to bruise**
Example: Contusion
This means “a bruise” and uses the root word “contus”, which means “to bruise” and the suffix “ion”, meaning “condition of”
150
coron/o
## Footnote
*Coronary*
**heart**
Example: Coronary
It comes from the root word “coron,” which means circle or crown. The coronary arteries encircle the heart like a crown and give the term its meaning.
151
corpor/o
## Footnote
*Extracorporeal*
**body**
Example: Extracorporeal (Outside the body)
152
cortic/o
## Footnote
*Corticosteroid*
**cortex**
Example: Corticosteroid
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands.
153
dacry/o
## Footnote
*Dacryocystitis*
**tear**
Example: Dacryocystitis (inflammation of the tear duct sac)
154
dactyl/o
## Footnote
*Polydactyly*
**digit (finger or toe)**
Example: Polydactyly (too many fingers or toes)
155
dent/i
## Footnote
*dental*
**tooth**
Example: dental
156
derm/o
dermat/o
## Footnote
*Dermatology*
**skin**
Example: Dermatology
157
desicc/o
## Footnote
*Desiccant*
**to dry**
Example: Desiccant
An agent used to cause desiccation, like silica gel or other drying agents.
158
-desis
## Footnote
*Arthrodesis*
**surgical fixation, fusion**
Example: Arthrodesis (Surgical fusion of a joint)
159
deuter/o
## Footnote
*Deuteropathy*
**second, secondary**
Example: Deuteropathy (means any abnormality that is secondary to another pathological
condition)
160
dextr/o
## Footnote
*Dexterous*
**right**
Example: Dexterous (my dominant side)
161
dia-
## Footnote
*Diagnosis*
**through, throughout**
Example: Diagnosis (knowing the complete nature of a disease state)
162
-didymus
## Footnote
*Epididymis*
**conjoined twin**
Example: Epididymis (refers to the coiled tube located on the back of the testis, storing sperm)
163
dilat/o
## Footnote
*being dilated*
**enlarge, expand**
Example: being dilated
164
dips/o
## Footnote
*Polydipsia*
**thirst**
Example: Polydipsia
This is a medical condition that results in excessive thirst. It relies on the prefix “poly”, which means many or much, and “dips”, which means thirst. The suffix “ia” refers to “condition of”
165
dis-
## Footnote
*disown*
**apart, to separate**
a negative prefix used in words such as “disavow”, which means to disclaim knowledge of, connection with, or responsibility for; disown; repudiate
166
dist/o
## Footnote
*Distal*
**distant**
Example: Distal (the part of a body structure that is farthest from its origin or center)
167
dolich/o
## Footnote
*Dolichofacial*
**long**
Example: Dolichofacial (Having a long face)
168
dors/o
## Footnote
*Dorsal*
**back**
Example: Dorsal
This term can be used instead of posterior and means the back side or upper side of something. The dorsal fin of a fish is located on the upper/back part of the fish as opposed to a ventral fin.
169
drom/o
-drome
## Footnote
*syndrome*
**running**
It's often used to indicate a sequence of events or a specific pattern, often related to a medical condition or disease. For example, a "drome" could refer to a syndrome, a group of symptoms that occur together.
170
duoden/o
**duodenum**
The first part of the small intestines
171
dynam/o
## Footnote
*the force or ability to do something*
**power, strength**
It's used in compound words to indicate the force or ability to do something. For example, a dynamometer is an instrument used to measure force.
172
-dynia
## Footnote
*Pleurodynia*
**pain**
Example: Pleurodynia
This is actually a respiratory term meaning pain in the chest wall.
pleur/o (refers to the chest wall)
-dynia (pain)
173
dys-
## Footnote
*Dyspnea*
**bad, difficult, painful**
Example: Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
174
-eal
## Footnote
*esophageal*
**pertaining to**
Example: Esophageal (pertaining to the esophagus)
175
ec-, ex-
## Footnote
*Eczema*
**outside, out**
Example: Ectopic (out of place) and Eczema (a boiling out)
176
echin/o
## Footnote
*Echinocyte*
**spiny, prickly**
Example: Echinocyte (A type of red blood cell with spiny projections on its surface)
177
-ectasis, -ectasia
## Footnote
*Bronchiectasis*
**dilation, expansion**
Example: Bronchiectasis (is a dilation of the bronchial tree)
178
-ectomy
## Footnote
*Hysterectomy*
**surgical removal, excision**
Example: Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)
179
-ectopia
## Footnote
*Nephrectopia*
**out of place**
Example: Nephrectopia (an abnormal mobility of the kidney)
Splenectopia (an abnormal mobility of the spleen)
180
ectr/o
## Footnote
*the absence of a limb*
**congenital absence**
Example: It specifically refers to the absence of a limb or part of a limb, often in the context of teratology (the study of birth defects).
181
-edema
## Footnote
*Lymphedema*
**swelling**
Example: Lymphedema (a swelling
of the lymph fluid)
182
em-
en-
## Footnote
*Embolism*
**in or within**
Example: Embolism (thrown in or the plugging of a blood vessel)
183
-emesis
## Footnote
*hematemesis*
**vomiting**
Example: hematemesis (means
vomiting of blood)
184
-emia
## Footnote
*Hyperlipidemia*
**blood condition**
Example: Hyperlipidemia (excessive fats in the blood)
hyper- (excessive)
lipid/o (fats)
-emia (blood condition)
185
-emphraxis
## Footnote
*splenemphraxis*
**stoppage, obstruction**
Example: Splenemphraxis (refers to splenic congestion, while pylemphraxis refers to occlusion of the portal vein)
186
enanti/o
## Footnote
*Enantiomorph*
**opposite, opposed**
Example: Enantiomorph (refers to a pair of molecules that are mirror images)
187
encephal/o
## Footnote
*Electroencephalogram*
**brain**
Example: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrical test of the brain
188
enter/o
## Footnote
*Enteritis*
**intestines**
Example: Enteritis (inflammation of the intestines)
189
eosin/o
## Footnote
*eosinophils*
**red, rosy, dawn**
Example: eosinophils (a type of white blood cell that stain readily with eosin, a red dye used in hematology)
190
epi-
## Footnote
*Epidermis*
**above, over, upon**
Example: Epidermis (outer layer of skin)
191
episi/o
## Footnote
*Episiotomy*
**vulva**
Example: Episiotomy (a surgical incision made in the perineum (the area between the vagina and anus) during childbirth)
192
equi-
## Footnote
*Equilateral*
**equality, equal**
Example: Equilateral
193
erg/o
## Footnote
*Ergometer*
**work**
Example: Ergometer (refers to a device used to measure work output, while ergonomics is the study of how to design workplaces and tasks to minimize physical stress and injury)
194
erythem/o
## Footnote
*Erythema*
**flushed, redness**
Example: Erythema (can be a symptom of many different conditions, including: rosacea, eczema, psoriasis, cellulitis, and fifth disease)
195
erythr/o
## Footnote
*Erythrocyte*
**red**
Example: Erythrocyte (red blood cells)
196
eschar/o
## Footnote
*Escharotomy*
**scab**
Example: Escharotomy (a surgical procedure where incisions are made to relieve pressure and allow for better circulation in cases of circumferential burns)
It's a common finding in various wounds, including pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and burns
197
esthesi/o, -esthesia
## Footnote
*Anesthesia*
**sensation, feeling**
Example: Anesthesia (lack of sensation in the body)
198
eu-
## Footnote
*Eupnea*
**good, normal, well**
Example: Eupnea: Normal breathing
Euedema: Mild swelling
199
eury-
**wide, broad**
Example: Eurytherm (able to tolerate a wide range of temperatures)
200
ex-
## Footnote
*Exogenous*
**out, away from**
Example: Exogenous (originating or occurring outside the body)
201
extra-
## Footnote
*Extraneous*
**outside**
Example: Extraneous (foreign or not belonging to the body)
202
faci/o
## Footnote
*Facioplegia*
**face**
Example: Facioplegia (paralysis of the facial muscles)
203
femor/o
## Footnote
*thigh bone*
**femur**
(thigh bone)
204
ferr/i, ferr/o
## Footnote
*Ferrous Sulfate*
**iron**
Example: Ferrous Sulfate
205
fet/o
## Footnote
*Fetoscope*
**fetus**
Example: Fetoscope (a medical instrument used to listen to the fetal heartbeat)
206
fibul/o
## Footnote
*small outer leg bone*
**fibula**
(small outer leg bone)
207
fil/o, fil/i, filament/o
**thread, threadlike**
It's commonly used in terms related to structures that resemble or are made of threads, like the filaments in some diseases or the structure of certain tissues
208
flav/o
## Footnote
*Flavacol*
**yellow**
It's often used to describe substances that contain flavin, like flavoproteins (proteins containing flavin) or flavobacteria (bacteria producing yellow pigments).
Flavacol is yellow.
209
flu/o, flux/o
## Footnote
*diarrhea*
**to flow**
It often implies an excessive or abnormal quantity. The term can describe various conditions, including diarrhea, dysentery, and other excessive discharges
210
fluor/o
## Footnote
*Fluorescein*
**fluorine**
Example: Fluorescein (a fluorescent dye used in ophthalmology and diagnostic imaging)
211
follicul/o
## Footnote
*Follicular cyst*
**small sac, follicle**
Example: Follicular cyst (a cyst that develops in a follicle)
212
fore-
## Footnote
*Forehead*
**before, in front**
Example: Forehead: The front of the head
Forearm: The part of the arm between the wrist and elbow
213
fung/i
**fungus, mushroom**
214
fusc/o
## Footnote
*fuscosanguineous*
**dark brown**
Example: fuscosanguineous (something that is dark brown like blood)
215
galact/o
## Footnote
*Galactorrhea*
**milk**
Example: Galactorrhea (excessive milk production)
216
gangli/o, ganglion/o
## Footnote
*Ganglioneuroma*
**ganglion**
(a cluster of nerve cells located outside the brain and spinal cord)
Example: Ganglioneuroma (a tumor that originates from nerve cells in a ganglion)
217
gel/o
## Footnote
*gelatinization*
**to freeze, congeal**
Example: gelatinization (refers to the process of turning something into a gel)
218
-genesis
## Footnote
*Pathogenesis*
**generation or origin**
Example: Pathogenesis (which is the origin or development of a disease state)
219
geni/o
## Footnote
*Genioplasty*
**chin**
Example: Genioplasty (surgical correction of the chin)
220
genit/o
## Footnote
*Genitourinary*
**reproduction**
Example: Genitourinary (refers to both the genital and urinary systems)
The term "genitourinary" specifically means "of or relating to the genital and urinary organs
221
gestat/o
the process of gestation, which is the period of development of the fetus within the uterus, from conception to birth. It specifically relates to pregnancy and the development of a baby in the womb
222
gigant/o
## Footnote
*Gigantic*
**huge**
Example: Gigantic
223
gingiv/o
## Footnote
*Gingivitis*
**gums**
Example: Gingivitis
224
glauc/o
## Footnote
*Glaucoma*
**gray, bluish green**
Example: Glaucoma (gray film over eyes)
225
glomerul/o
**glomerulus**
(a small ball of capillaries in the kidney that filters waste products from the blood)
226
gloss/o
## Footnote
*Glossitis*
**tongue**
Example: Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue)
227
gnath/o
## Footnote
*bony structure that holds the teeth in place*
**jaw**
(It specifically relates to the bony structure that holds the teeth in place)
228
gnos/o
## Footnote
*Agnosia*
**knowledge**
Example: Agnosia (lack of ability to perceive sensory input)
229
gon/o
## Footnote
*Gonorrhea*
**genitals**
Example: Gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted infection that affects the reproductive organs)
230
goni/o
## Footnote
*Goniometry*
**angle**
Example: Goniometry (refers to the measurement of joint angles, often used in physical therapy or sports medicine to assess range of motion)
231
-gram
## Footnote
*Mammogram*
**record, image**
Example: Mammogram (an X-ray image of the breast)
232
-graph
## Footnote
*Electrocardiograph*
**instrument for recording**
Example: Electrocardiograph (ECG) (an instrument that records the electrical activity of the heart)
233
-graphy
## Footnote
*Angiography*
**process of recording**
Example: Angiography (the process of taking X-ray images of blood vessel)
234
gravid/o
**pregnant woman**
235
-gravida
the total number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of the outcome of the pregnancy
236
gynec/o
## Footnote
*Gynecology*
**woman, female**
Example: Gynecology
237
gyr/o
## Footnote
*Gyrocardiography*
**circle, spiral**
Example: Gyrocardiography (analyzes heart contractions in a circular way)
238
hapl/o
## Footnote
*haploid*
**simple, single**
Example: haploid (cell has a single set of chromosomes)
239
helc/o
## Footnote
*localized break or loss of skin or tissue*
**ulcer**
It's a term used to describe a localized break or loss of skin or tissue, often occurring due to pressure, friction, or infection.
240
heli/o
## Footnote
*Heliotherapy*
**sun**
Example: Heliotherapy (the use of sunlight for medical treatment)
241
hemi-
## Footnote
*Earth*
**half**
Example: Hemishere
Think: Earth
242
hem/o, hemat/o
## Footnote
*Hematology*
**blood**
Example: Hematology
243
hepat/o
## Footnote
*Hepatitis*
**liver**
Example: Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)
244
heredo-
**heredity**
245
hetero-
## Footnote
*Heterosexuality*
**different, other**
Example: Heterosexuality (sexual or romantic attraction between individuals of different genders)
246
hidr/o
## Footnote
*Hidrosis*
**sweat**
Example: Hidrosis (excessive sweating)
247
hirsut/o
## Footnote
*Hirsutism*
**hairy**
Example: Hirsutism (a disorder in women in which there is an overgrowth of black or coarse hair on their bodies in a pattern similar to that of men)
248
hist/o
## Footnote
*Histology*
**tissue**
Example: Histology (study of tissue)
249
holo-
## Footnote
*Holistic*
**entire, complete**
Example: Holistic (relating to the whole or to the entire, rather than just a part)
250
homeo-
## Footnote
*Homeostasis*
**likeness, constant, sameness**
Example: Homeostasis (refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, combining "homeo-" (similar) with "stasis" (stable). Examples include the regulation of body temperature and blood glucose levels)
251
homo-
## Footnote
*Homograft*
**same, similar**
Example: Homograft (a tissue or organ transplant from the same donor to the recipient)
252
hormon/o
**hormone**
253
humer/o
## Footnote
*Humerus bone*
**humerus**
Example: Humerus bone (bone in the upper arm)
254
hyal/o
## Footnote
*Hyaluronic acid*
**resembling glass, glassy**
Example: Hyaluronic acid (a substance found in connective tissues, joints, and the vitreous humor, and is also used in cosmetic procedures)
255
hydr/o
## Footnote
Hydration
**water, hydrogen**
Example: Hydration (the process of taking in fluids)
256
hymen/o
**hymen**
(a thin membrane that partially or completely covers the vaginal opening in some women)
257
hyper-
## Footnote
*hyperactive*
**above, excessive, beyond**
Example: hyperactive (kids)
258
hypn/o
## Footnote
*Hypnotize*
**sleep**
Example: Hypnotize
259
hypo-
## Footnote
*hypotension*
**under, deficient, below**
Example: hypotension (low blood sugar)
260
hypothalam/o
## Footnote
*a small but vital brain region*
**hypothalamus**
(a small but vital brain region located below the thalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by linking the nervous system to the endocrine system through the pituitary gland)
261
hypsi-
## Footnote
*hypsibrachycephalic*
**high**
Example: hypsibrachycephalic (means having a broad and high skull)
262
hyster/o
## Footnote
*Hysterectomy*
**uterus**
Example: Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)
263
-ia
## Footnote
*agastria*
**condition**
Example: Agastria (condition of having no stomach)
a- (without)
gastr/o (stomach)
-ia (condition)
264
iatr/o
## Footnote
*Pediatrics*
**treatment, physician**
Example: Pediatrics
265
-iasis
## Footnote
*Psoriasis*
**pathological state**
Example: Psoriasis (pathological skin disease)
266
-ic
## Footnote
*hypodermic*
**pertaining to**
Example: hypodermic (pertaining to below the skin)
hypo- (below)
derm/o (skin)
-ic (pertaining to)
267
-ician
**specialist**
268
-icle
## Footnote
*cuticle*
**small**
Example: Cuticle (small skin surrounding the nail)
cut/o (skin)
-icle (small)
269
icter/o
## Footnote
*yellowing of the skin*
**jaundice**
(It refers to a yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood)
270
ide/o
## Footnote
*indicates something related to ideas*
**idea, mental images**
(indicates something related to ideas, mental images, or form)
271
idi/o
## Footnote
*Idiopathic epilepsy*
**individual, distinct, unknown**
Example: Idiopathic epilepsy (refers to epilepsy that has an unknown cause)
272
ile/o
## Footnote
*a part of the small intestine*
**ileum**
(refers to the ileum, a part of the small intestine)
273
ili/o
## Footnote
*Ilioinguinal nerve*
**ilium**
Example: Ilioinguinal nerve (a nerve that supplies the skin and muscles of the groin area)
274
immun/o
## Footnote
*immune*
**protection, immune**
275
infra-
## Footnote
*Infrared*
**below, beneath**
Example: Infrared (radiation below the red light spectrum)
276
inguin/o
## Footnote
*Inguinoinguinal hernia*
**groin**
Example: Inguinoinguinal hernia (a hernia located in the groin area)
277
inter-
## Footnote
*Intervertebral*
**between**
Example: Intervertebral (between vertebrae (spinal bones))
278
intra-
## Footnote
*Intravenous*
**within**
Example: Intravenous (IV) (within a vein)
279
iod/o
## Footnote
*a nonmetallic element*
**iodine**
(a nonmetallic element essential for the production of thyroid hormones. It's often used in medical terms related to thyroid function or as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent)
280
ion/o
## Footnote
*processes or conditions that involve movement or displacement*
**wandering or traveling**
(often used to describe processes or conditions that involve movement or displacement. For example, it can be used in conjunction with other terms to describe the movement of cells or fluids in the body)
281
ipsi-
## Footnote
*Ipsilateral*
**same**
It's used to describe things that are located or occur on the same side of the body. For example, "ipsilateral" means "on the same side"
282
iri/o, irid/o
## Footnote
*Iritis*
**iris**
Example: Iritis (inflammation of the iris)
283
-is
## Footnote
*hypodermis*
**structure, thing**
Example: Hypodermis (structure under the skin)
hypo- (under)
derm/o (skin)
-is (structure)
284
isch/o
## Footnote
*ischemia*
**suppress, restrain**
It's commonly used in terms related to the circulatory system, particularly to describe a condition of reduced blood supply to an organ or part of the body. One example is ischemia, which refers to a blood condition where blood flow is restricted or blocked
285
ischi/o
**ischium** (a bone in the pelvis)
Example: Ischiorectal (relating to the ischium and the rectum)
286
-ist
**specialist**
287
ithy-
## Footnote
*Ithyphallia*
**erect, straight**
Example: Ithyphallia (this term refers to the condition of having an erect penis)
288
-ismos
-ismus
-ism
## Footnote
*Embolism*
**Denotes some type of condition**
Example: Embolism (the plugging of an artery or vein)
Hypnotism (condition of artificially-caused sleep)
289
-istis
-ist
## Footnote
*hypnotis, anesthetist*
**a doer or agent of an action**
A “hypnotist” is the agent who causes hypnosis in an individual. The anesthetist delivers anesthesia
290
-itis
## Footnote
*Gastroenteritis*
**inflammation**
Example: Gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and small intestine)
gastr/o (stomach)
enter/o (small intestine)
-itis (inflammation)
291
-ize
## Footnote
*hypnotize*
**treatment using a special instrument or drug**
One word used with this suffix is “hypnotize,” which means to put to sleep or into a hypnotic state
292
jejun/o
## Footnote
*the middle section of the small intestine*
**jejunum**
(the middle section of the small intestine)
293
juxta-
## Footnote
*Juxtaposition*
**near**
Example: Juxtaposition (the act of placing two things side by side)
294
kal/i
## Footnote
*hyperkalemia*
**potassium**
Example: hyperkalemia (indicates high potassium levels)
hypokalemia (indicates low potassium levels)
295
kary/o
## Footnote
*karyocyte*
**nucleus**
Example: karyocyte (a cell containing a nucleus, and karyogamy refers to the union of cell nuclei)
296
kel/o
## Footnote
*Keloid*
**tumor, fibrous growth**
Example: Keloid (an abnormal, raised scar that develops around a wound)
297
kerat/o
## Footnote
*Keratin*
**hard**
Example: Keratin (protein that hardens the skin tissue)
298
keraun/o
## Footnote
*Keraunoparalysis*
**lightning**
Example: Keraunoparalysis (temporary paralysis following a lightning strike)
299
kinesi/o, -kinesia, -kinetic
## Footnote
*Kinesiology*
**movement**
Example: Kinesiology (the study of movement and human motion)
300
klept/o
## Footnote
*kleptomania*
**theft, stealing**
Example: kleptomania
301
koil/o
## Footnote
*Koilonychia*
**hollow, concave, depressed**
Example: Koilonychia (a condition where fingernails are abnormally thin and concave)
302
kym/o
## Footnote
*context of ultrasound*
**waves**
It is a combining form used to build medical terms related to waves or oscillations, often in the context of ultrasound or other imaging techniques
303
kyph/o
## Footnote
*typically in reference to the spine*
**humpback**
typically in reference to the spine
304
lacrim/o
## Footnote
*lacrimal gland*
**tear, lacrimal duct**
Example: lacrimal gland (refers to the gland that produces tears)
305
lact/o
## Footnote
*Lactation*
**milk**
Example: Lactation (breastfeeding)
306
lapar/o
## Footnote
*Laparotomy*
**abdomen, abdominal wall**
Example: Laparotomy (a surgical procedure in which the abdomen is entered)
307
laryng/o
## Footnote
*Laryngitis*
**larynx**
Example: Laryngitis (inflammation of the throat or larynx)
308
later/o
## Footnote
*lateroflexion*
**side**
Example: lateroflexion (bending or curvature to one side)
309
laxat/o
## Footnote
*Laxative*
**to slacken, relax, loosen**
Example: Laxative
Think: (you really need to think of this??)
310
lei/o
## Footnote
*leiomyoma*
**smooth**
For example, "leiomyoma" refers to a benign tumor of smooth muscle, and "leiomyosarcoma" is a cancerous smooth muscle tumor. The term "lei" comes from the Greek word "leios," meaning "smooth".
311
lepid/o
## Footnote
*the appearance of skin or other structures*
**flakes, scales**
The term refers to the appearance of skin or other structures as being covered in scales, like fish scales or dry, cracked skin.
312
-lepsy
## Footnote
*Narcolepsy*
**seizure**
Example: Narcolepsy
313
lept/o
## Footnote
*Leptocyte*
**slender, thin, delicate**
Example: Leptocyte (an abnormally thin red blood cell)
314
letharg/o
## Footnote
*Lethargic*
**drowsiness**
Example: Lethargic
315
leuk/o
## Footnote
*Leukocyte*
**white**
Example: Leukocyte (white blood cells)
316
levo-
## Footnote
*Levocardia*
**left**
Example: Levocardia (left heart)
317
-lexia
## Footnote
*dyslexia*
** reading of (such) a kind or with (such) an impairment**
Example: dyslexia
318
lien/o
## Footnote
*spleno/o is more common*
refers to the spleen. It's an alternative term for spleen and is sometimes used in medical words, though "spleno/o" is more common
319
ligament/o
## Footnote
*A tough, fibrous band of tissue that connects bones together*
**ligament**
A tough, fibrous band of tissue that connects bones together, providing stability and support
320
lim/o
## Footnote
*lymphatic system*
referring to lymph or lymphatic tissue. It's used to build words related to the lymphatic system, which plays a key role in the body's immune system.
321
lingu/o
## Footnote
*Sublingual*
**tongue**
Example: Sublingual (located under the tongue)
322
lip/o
## Footnote
*Liposuction*
**fat**
Example: Liposuction literally means “fat suction,” and the procedure indeed involves making an incision into the skin and sucking out fat
323
lith/o
## Footnote
*Nephrolithiasis*
**stone, calculus**
Example: Nephrolithiasis (formation of stones in the kidneys)
324
lob/o
refers to a lobe of an organ. A lobe is a distinct, rounded part of an organ, such as the lungs, brain, or liver
325
log/o, -log, -logue
## Footnote
*Diologue*
word, speech, thought
326
-logy
## Footnote
*Histology*
**study of**
Histology is a study of the tissues of the body under the microscope (makes use of the suffix -ology or -logy, which means the study of)
327
loph/o
## Footnote
*lophophore*
**ridge**
"lophophore" (a tufted feeding structure) and "lophodont" (having molar teeth with transverse ridges).
328
lord/o
## Footnote
*lordosis*
**curvature, bending**
It's used to describe conditions related to abnormal spinal curvature, particularly an increased inward curve, known as lordosis.
329
lucid/o
## Footnote
*Lucid*
**clear**
(a return to or a temporary period of mental clarity after a period of confusion or impairment)
330
lumb/o
## Footnote
*lumbar*
refers to the loin or lumbar region of the spine
331
lumin/o
## Footnote
*luminescence*
**light**
"luminescence" is formed using "lumin/o" and "-escence" (a suffix indicating the state of being), referring to the emission of light.
332
lute/o
## Footnote
*corpus luteum*
**yellow**
It's often used in terms related to the corpus luteum, a yellow glandular mass on the ovary formed after ovulation.
333
luxat/o
## Footnote
*displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint*
**dislocate**
It specifically indicates the displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint. A complete dislocation is a luxation, while a partial dislocation is a subluxation
334
ly/o
## Footnote
*Lympholysis*
**dissolve, loosen**
Lympholysis: Destruction of lymphocytes (white blood cells)
335
lymph/o
## Footnote
*lymph glands and lymph tissue*
**lymph**
Referring to the lymph glands and lymph tissue
336
-lysis
## Footnote
*Thrombolysis*
**dissolution, breakdown**
Example: Thrombolysis (the breakdown of blood clots)
337
-malacia
## Footnote
*Chondromalacia*
**softening**
Example: Chondromalacia (softening of cartilage)
chondr/o (cartilage)
-malacia (softening)
338
mamm/o
## Footnote
*Mammogram*
**breast**
Example: Mammogram
339
-mania
## Footnote
*Mania*
**madness, obsessive, preoccupation**
Mania is a common symptom of bipolar disorder, a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings between mania and depression. It can also occur in other conditions, such as schizoaffective disorder and substance use disorders
340
-masesis
## Footnote
*Mastication*
**chewing**
Example: Mastication (this is the technical term for the mechanical process of chewing food in the mouth)
341
mast/o
## Footnote
*Mastitis*
**breast**
Example: Mastitis (infection of the breast)
342
maxill/o
## Footnote
*Maxillotomy*
**maxilla**
Maxillotomy (a surgical procedure to cut into the maxilla)
343
medi/o, mediastin/o
## Footnote
*Mediastinum*
**middle**
Example: Mediastinum (a central compartment in the chest cavity that contains various organs and structures)
344
medull/o
## Footnote
*part of the brainstem that connects the brain to the spinal cord*
**medulla, marrow**
The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It plays a crucial role in controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.
345
mega-, megalo-
## Footnote
*Megalodon*
**large**
Example: Megalodon
346
-megaly
## Footnote
*Cardiomegaly*
**enlargement**
Example: Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
347
melan/o
## Footnote
*Melanoma*
**black**
Example: Melanoma (black death)
348
men/o
## Footnote
*Menopause*
**menses, menstruation**
Example: Menarche (the beginning of menstruation)
Menopause (the cessation of menstruation)
Menorrhagia (excessive bleeding during menstruation)
349
mening/o
## Footnote
*Meningitis*
**meninges**
Example: Meningitis
350
ment/o
## Footnote
*Mentogenesis*
**mind**
Example: Mentogenesis (the development of the mind)
351
mer/o
## Footnote
*Merozoite*
**part**
Example: Merozoite (to a small, individual cell produced by a protozoan parasite during asexual reproduction)
352
meso-
## Footnote
*Mesoderm*
**middle**
Example: Mesoderm (the middle layer of the three primary germ layers in an embryo)
353
meta-
## Footnote
*Metamorphosis*
**after, beyond, change**
Example: Metamorphosis (change in form of something)
354
metall/o
## Footnote
*Metallurgy*
**metal**
Example: Metallurgy refers to the science and technology of metals, and metalloprotein is a protein containing metal ions.
355
-meter
## Footnote
*Glucometer*
**instrument for measuring**
Example: Glucometer (an instrument for measuring glucose levels in the blood)
356
metr/o
## Footnote
*Endometrium*
**uterus**
Example: Endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus)
357
-metry
## Footnote
*Optometry*
**process of measuring**
Example: Optometry (measurement of eyesight)
358
mi/o
**less, smaller**
359
-mimesis
**imitation, simulation**
(the simulation or imitation of one disease by another, or the simulation of organic disease by functional illnesses)
360
-mnesia
## Footnote
*Amnesia*
**memory**
Example: Amnesia (loss of memory)
361
mogi-
## Footnote
*Mogelalia*
**difficult**
Example: Mogelalia (difficulty or hesitancy in speaking)
Mogi-phonia (difficulty in speaking)
362
mono-
## Footnote
*Monogamy*
**one**
Example: Monopnea (breathing with only one lung)
363
morph/o
## Footnote
*Metamorphis*
**shape, form**
Morphosis: A change in shape or form
364
mort/o
## Footnote
*Rigor mortis*
**death**
Rigor mortis: Stiffness of the body after death
365
muc/o
**mucus**
gross
366
muscul/o
**muscle**
367
mutilat/o
## Footnote
*Mutilation*
**to maim, disfigure**
Example: Mutilation
368
my/o
myos/o
**muscle**
Example: Myopathy (disease of the muscle tissue)
369
myc/o
## Footnote
*Mycosis*
**fungus**
Mycosis: A fungal infection
370
myel/o
## Footnote
*Myelogram*
**spinal cord**
Example: Myelogram (x-ray study of the spinal cord)
371
myring/o
## Footnote
*Myringotomy*
**eardrum**
Example: Myringotomy (surgical procedure involving the use of a surgical instrument to pierce the eardrum)
372
myx/o
## Footnote
*Myxoid*
**mucus**
Myxoid: Resembling mucus
373
narc/o
## Footnote
*Narcolepsy*
**numbness, stupor**
Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep
374
nas/o
## Footnote
*Nasal passage*
**nose**
Example: Nasal passage
375
nat/o
## Footnote
*Prenatal*
**birth**
Natal (pertaining to birth)
Prenatal (refers to events occurring before birth)
376
natr/o
## Footnote
*an important electrolyte in the body*
**sodium**
Sodium is an important electrolyte in the body, playing a crucial role in regulating fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.
377
necr/o
## Footnote
*Necrosis*
**death**
Example: Necrosis (a disease of a cell)
378
neo-
## Footnote
*Neonatal*
**new**
Example: Neonatal (Babies!)
379
nephr/o
## Footnote
*Nephrology*
**kidney**
Example: Nephrology (the study of the kidneys)
380
neur/o
## Footnote
*Neuropathy*
**nerve**
Example: Neuropathy (disease of the nerves)
381
nev/o
## Footnote
*benign growth on the skin*
**mole, birthmark**
More specifically, it refers to a nevus, which is a benign growth on the skin, often a dark, raised spot, formed by a cluster of melanocytes (cells that produce melanin).
382
noci-
## Footnote
*Nociceptive pain*
**to cause harm, injury or pain**
Nociceptive pain: Pain caused by tissue damage or inflammation.
383
noct/i
## Footnote
*Nocturia*
**night**
Example: Nocturia (a condition where a person frequently needs to urinate during the night)
384
nod/o
## Footnote
*Nodule*
**knot**
Example: Nodule (a small, localized swelling or growth, potentially benign or malignant (cancerous))
385
-noia
## Footnote
*Paranoia*
**mind, will**
Example: Paranoia (a mental condition characterized by irrational suspicion or mistrust, often involving the belief that others are trying to harm one)
386
nom/o
## Footnote
*Nomenclature*
**name, naming**
Example: Nomenclature (which refers to the system of naming things, including diseases and medical procedures)
387
norm/o
## Footnote
*HAHAHAHAHAHA*
**normal, usual**
HAHAHAHAHAHA
388
nos/o
## Footnote
*Nosology*
***disease**
Example: Nosology (the study of diseases)
389
nucle/o
**nucleus**
(a membrane-bound organelle within a cell that contains the genetic materia)
390
nulli-
## Footnote
*Nulligravida*
**none**
Example: Nulligravida (a woman who has never been pregnant)
That's me!
391
nutri/o, nutrit/o
## Footnote
*Nutrition*
**nourish**
Example: Nutrition
392
nyct/o
## Footnote
*Nyctophobia*
**night**
Example: Nyctophobia (fear of the night or darkness)
393
ocul/o
## Footnote
*Occular*
**eye**
Example: Occular
394
odont/o
## Footnote
*Odontalgia*
**tooth**
Example: Odontalgia (pain in the teeth)
395
-oid
## Footnote
*Humanoid*
**resembling**
Example: Humanoid (resembling a human)
396
-ole
## Footnote
*Arteriole*
**little, small**
Example: Arteriole (a small artery)
397
ole/o
## Footnote
*fats, oils, or substances with oily characteristics*
**oil**
(It's often used in terms related to fats, oils, or substances with oily characteristics)
398
olfact/o
## Footnote
*Olfaction*
**smell**
Example: Olfaction (the process of smelling)
399
olig/o
## Footnote
*Oligospermia*
**few, little**
Example: Oligospermia (no kids for me!)
400
-oma
## Footnote
*Carcinoma*
**tumor, mass**
Example: Carcinoma (cancerous tumor)
401
om/o
## Footnote
*Omomyalitis*
**shoulder**
Example: Omomyalitis (inflammation of the muscles of the shoulder)
402
omni-
## Footnote
*Omnivore*
**all**
Example: Omnivore (since they eat everything)
403
omphal/o
## Footnote
*omphalectomy*
**navel**
Example: “navel”, -ectomy is a suffix that refers to “surgical removal”. Definition: An omphalectomy is the surgical removal of the navel.
404
onc/o
## Footnote
*Oncology*
**tumor, mass**
Example: Oncology (refers to the study and treatment of tumors)
405
onych/o
## Footnote
*Onychomycosis*
**nail**
Example: Onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail)
406
oophor/o
## Footnote
*Oophoritis*
**ovary**
Example: Oophoritis (inflammation of an ovary)
407
ophry/o
**eyebrow**
408
ophthalm/o
## Footnote
*Ophthalmology*
**eye**
Example: Ophthalmology (the branch of medicine dealing with the eye)
409
-opia
-opsia
## Footnote
*Diplopia*
**vision**
Example: Diplopia (double vision)
410
opisth/o
**backward, behind**
411
op/o
## Footnote
*Opthalmology*
**seeing, vision, eye**
Example: Opthalmology (the study of the eye)
412
-opsy
## Footnote
*Biopsy*
**to view**
Example: Biopsy (examination of a tissue sample removed from a living body to diagnose disease)
413
opt/o
## Footnote
*Optometry*
**eye, vision**
Example: Optometry (the branch of medicine that deals with the examination and correction of refractive errors of the eye)
414
or/o
## Footnote
*Oral*
**mouth**
Example: Oral
415
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
## Footnote
*Orchitis*
**testis**
Example: Orchitis (inflammation or infection of the testes)
416
-orexia
## Footnote
*Anorexia*
**appetite**
Example: Anorexia (a lack of appetite or aversion to food, often associated with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa)
417
orth/o
## Footnote
*Orthopedics*
**straight, normal, correct**
Example: Orthopedics (the medical specialty that deals with the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles)
418
osche/o
**scrotum**
The scrotum is the skin pouch that encloses and serves to keep protected the testicles.
419
oscill/o
## Footnote
*Oscillation*
**wave, oscillation**
Example: Oscillation (a swinging, pendulum-like movement or a vibration)
420
-osis
## Footnote
*Psychosis*
**abnormal condition**
Example: Psychosis (abnormal condition of the mind)
psych/o (mind)
-osis (abnormal condition)
421
osm/o
-osmia
## Footnote
*osmosis*
**sense of smell, odor, impulse**
Specifically the process of osmosis which involves the movement of fluids across a membrane. The root word "osm-" (meaning "smell") is used to form terms related to smell, like osmia (sense of smell).
422
osphresi/o
-osphresia
**sense of smell, odor**
Example: Osphresiometer (is an instrument used to measure the sense of smell)
423
oste/o
## Footnote
*Osteoprosis*
**bone**
Example: Osteoprosis (a bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, making bones weak and more prone to fractures)
424
ot/o
## Footnote
*Otalgia*
**ear**
Example: Otalgia (pain in the ear)
425
-ous
## Footnote
*subcutaneous*
**pertaining to**
Example: Subcutaneous (pertaining to under the skin)
sub- (under)
cutane/0 (skin)
-ous (pertaining to)
426
оху-
## Footnote
*Oxygen*
**oxygen/ sharp, quick, sour**
Example: Oxygen (the most straightforward example, the word itself denotes the vital gas)
Oxytone (word or phrase that has an acute accent on the last syllable. In this case, "oxy-" refers to the sharpness or acuteness of the accent, not oxygen)
**Context is key: The exact meaning of "oxy-" can vary depending on the specific medical term it's part of. You always need to consider the surrounding root and suffix to understand the complete meaning.**
427
pachy-
## Footnote
*Pachyderma*
**thick**
Example: Pachyderma (thickening of the skin)
428
-pagus
## Footnote
*Thoracopagus*
**conjoined twins**
Example: Thoracopagus indicates twins joined at the thorax, and Craniopagus indicates twins joined at the cranium.
The suffix "-pagus" itself is derived from the Greek word "pagos," meaning "fixed" or "set," reflecting the twins' joined state
429
palat/o
## Footnote
*Palatography*
**palate, the roof of the mouth**
Example: Palatography is a procedure to examine the palate, and palatoplasy is a surgical procedure to repair the palate.
430
pale/o
## Footnote
*Paleocytosis*
**gray, pale**
Example: Paleocytosis, the prefix "paleo" indicates the condition where the cells are pale.
431
palin-, pali-
## Footnote
*Palinophobia*
**recurrence, repetition**
Example: Palinophobia (refers to a fear of repeating words or syllables)
432
palliat/o
## Footnote
*palliative care*
**soothe, relieve**
It's a combining form used to build words related to palliative care, which focuses on relieving pain and suffering without necessarily curing the underlying disease. For example, "palliative care" is a term that uses this combining form.
433
palp/o, palpat/o
## Footnote
*Palpitation*
**to touch gently**
Example: Palpitation (the feeling of a rapid, irregular, or strong heartbeat. The term "palpation" specifically refers to a medical exam where a healthcare provider uses their hands to feel a body part)
434
palpebr/o
## Footnote
*Blepharoplasty*
**eyelid**
Example: Blepharoplasty (surgical procedure to repair or improve the eyelids)
435
palpit/o, palpitat/o
## Footnote
*Palpitations*
**flutter, throbbing**
Example: Palpitations (the sensation of feeling the heart beating more strongly or irregularly than usual, sometimes described as racing, pounding, or fluttering)
436
pancreat/o
## Footnote
*Pancreatitis*
**pancreas**
Example: Pancreatitis (inflammation or infection of the pancreas)
437
pant/o
## Footnote
*Pancytopenia*
**all, everywhere**
Example: Pancytopenia (a deficiency of all types of blood cells)
438
papill/o
## Footnote
*Papilla*
**nipple-like**
Example: Papilla (a small, nipple-shaped projection on the surface of an organ or body part)
439
papul/o
## Footnote
*Papules*
**papule (pimple)**
Papules can vary in color, ranging from pale to yellow, red, brown, or black. They are often seen in various skin conditions like prickly heat, psoriasis, xanthomatosis, eczema, and skin cancers.
440
para-
## Footnote
*Paranoia*
**alongside, near, beyond, abnormal**
Example: Paranoia (abnormal in mind)
441
parasit/o
## Footnote
*an organism that lives on or in another organism*
**parasite**
(an organism that lives on or in another organism, deriving its nourishment from that host without benefiting or even harming it)
442
parathyroid/o
## Footnote
*Hyperparathyroidism*
**parathyroid gland**
Example: Hyperparathyroidism (a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much PTH, leading to high calcium levels in the blood)
443
-partum
## Footnote
*Postpartum*
**childbirth, labor**
Example: Postpartum (the period after childbirth, typically lasting around 6 weeks)
444
patell/o
## Footnote
*Patellar tendinitis*
**kneecap**
Example: Patellar tendinitis (is inflammation of the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the lower leg)
445
-pathy
## Footnote
*Gastopathy*
**disease process**
Example: Gastropathy (disease process of the stomach)
gastr/o (stomach)
-pathy (disease process)
446
pector/o
## Footnote
*Pectoral muscle*
**chest**
Example: Pectoral muscle
447
ped/o
## Footnote
*Pedometer*
**foot**
Example: Pedometer (tool that measures a person's steps)
448
pedicul/o
## Footnote
*Pediculosis*
**lice or infestation with lice**
Example: Pediculosis (an infestation with lice)
449
pelo, pelv/i
**pelvis**
(including the pelvic bones and the space within them)
450
-penia
## Footnote
*Leukopenia*
**deficiency, lack of**
Example: Leukopenia (deficiency in white blood cells)
451
pent-, penta-
## Footnote
*Pentagram*
**five**
Example: Pentagram
452
-pepsia
## Footnote
*Dyspepsia*
**digestion**
Example: Dyspepsia (indigestion)
453
per-
## Footnote
*Percutaneous*
**through, by way of**
Example: Percutaneous (through the skin)
454
percuss/o
## Footnote
*percussion*
**to tap**
(to tap on the body, typically with the fingers or a small instrument, to assess underlying structures and tissues. This technique, called percussion, is used to evaluate the size, consistency, and boundaries of organs, as well as the presence or absence of fluid)
455
peri-
## Footnote
*Pericardium*
**around, surrounding**
Example: Pericardium (covering around the heart)
456
perine/o
## Footnote
*sphinxter*
**perineum**
(a medical prefix that refers to the perineum, the area of skin and muscle between the anus and the external genitalia in both males and females)
457
peritone/o
## Footnote
*Peritoneoscopy*
**peritoneum** (is the thin, serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs)
Example: Peritoneoscopy (a surgical procedure to examine the peritoneum using a small camera)
458
per/o
## Footnote
*percutaneous*
**through, around**
It can indicate "through" (as in percutaneous - a medical procedure performed through the skin) or "around" (as in perineurium- a layer of connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system)
459
perone/o
## Footnote
*It's the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg*
**fibula**
It's the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, located on the outside of the shin. The fibula helps give the calf its structure and forms the top of the ankle.
460
perspir/o
## Footnote
*Perspiration*
**sweat**
Example: Perspiration (the fluid (sweat) itself that is produced by the sweat glands)
461
pest/i
## Footnote
*pest*
**plague, pests**
Can refer to an organism that causes harm or is a nuisance, particularly those that spread disease or damage. It can also refer to a deadly epidemic disease, especially plague. Additionally, "pest" can be used within the PEST model, a four-step approach to therapeutic reasoning for infectious diseases.
462
-phagia
## Footnote
*Dysphagia*
**eating, ingestion**
Example: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
463
phak/o
## Footnote
*Phakolymphedema*
**lens**
Example: Phakolymphedema (swelling of the lens due to fluid accumulation)
464
phalang/o
## Footnote
*Phalangeal fracture*
**phalanges**
bones of the fingers and toes
Example: Phalangeal fracture (a broken bone in a finger or toe)
465
phaner/o
## Footnote
*structures that are readily apparent or easily seen*
**visible, apparent**
This term is often used in the context of anatomy, specifically relating to structures that are readily apparent or easily seen.
466
pharmac/o
## Footnote
*Pharmacy*
**drugs**
Example: Pharmacy
467
phas/o, -phasia
## Footnote
*Dysphasia*
**speech**
Example: Dysphasia (difficulty with speech)
468
phen/o
## Footnote
*Phenotype*
**to show**
Example: Phenotype (the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction between its genotype and the environment)
469
-pheresis
## Footnote
*Plasmapheresis*
**removal**
Example: Plasmapheresis.
This is a method of removing blood plasma from the body by
withdrawing blood, separating it into plasma and cells, and transfusing the cells back into the bloodstream. It is performed to remove antibodies in treating autoimmune conditions. The term relies on the suffix “apheresis”, which means “remove”.
470
polio-
## Footnote
*Poliomyelitis*
**gray**
Example: Poliomyelitis (virus that attacks the gray matter causing paralysis)
471
-ptosis
## Footnote
*Hysteroptosis*
**prolapse, drooping**
Example: Hysteroptosis (prolapse of the uterus)
hyster/o (uterus)
-ptosis (prolapse, drooping)
472
radi/o
## Footnote
*Radiology*
**x-ray, radiation**
Example: Radiology (the medical specialty that deals with imaging techniques using radiation)
473
radicul/o
## Footnote
*Radiculopathy*
**nerve root**
Example: Radiculopathy (any disease or disorder affecting the nerve roots)
474
re-
## Footnote
*repeat*
**again**
Example: repeat
475
-receptor, -ceptor
**receiver**
(a specialized protein molecule on or inside a cell that binds to specific substances, called ligands, and triggers a cellular response)
476
rect/o
**rectum**
477
relaps/o
## Footnote
*Relapse*
**to slide back**
Example: Relapse
478
ren/o
## Footnote
*Renal*
**kidney**
Example: Renal (kidneys)
479
respir/o, respirat/o
## Footnote
*Respiratory System*
**breathe, breathing**
Example: Respiratory System (the organs and tissues involved in breathing, like the lungs, airways, and diaphragm)
480
resuscit/o
## Footnote
*Resuscitation*
**revive**
Example: Resuscitation (refers to the act of restoring someone to consciousness and life, typically after a cardiac or respiratory arrest)
481
reticul/o
## Footnote
*reticular dermis*
**netlike**
This term is often used to describe structures in the body that have a network-like organization, such as reticular dermis or the reticulum of the endoplasmic reticulum.
482
retin/o
## Footnote
*Rentin-A*
**retina**
Example: Rentin-A (med for the eyes)
483
retract/o
## Footnote
*Retraction*
**drawing back**
Retraction of a tooth (a process in dentistry where teeth are moved back using braces or other orthodontic appliances)
484
retro-
## Footnote
*Retroactive*
**behind, backward**
Example: Retroactive (effective or occurring after a specified time)
485
rhabdomy/o
## Footnote
*rhabdomyolysis*
**striated/skeletal muscle**
Example: rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and rhabdomyoma (a benign tumor of skeletal muscle)
486
rhe/o
## Footnote
*Rheology*
**flow, current, stream**
Example: Rheology (the study of the flow of fluids and deformable materials)
487
rhin/o
## Footnote
*Rhinoplasty*
**nose**
Example: Rhinoplasty (surgical reconstruction of the nose)
488
rhod/o
## Footnote
*Rhodolite*
**red, rosy**
Example: Rhodopsin (a red protein in the retina) uses the "rhod-" root to indicate its reddish color. Other examples include Rhodolite (a red mineral) and Rhodobacteriaceae (a family of bacteria).
489
rhytid/o
## Footnote
*Rhytidoplasty*
**wrinkle**
Example: Rhytidoplasty (surgical procedure to remove wrinkles)
490
rot/o, rotat/o
## Footnote
*movement of a body part around an axis*
**turn, revolve**
It's used to form words related to the movement of a body part around an axis. For example, a word using rotat/o might describe the rotation of a joint or the movement of a surgical tool.
491
-rrhagia, -rrhage
## Footnote
*Hemorrhage*
**excessive flow, profuse, fluid discharge**
Example: Hemorrhage (bleeding from a wound or ruptured blood vessel)
492
-rrhaphy
## Footnote
*Herniorrhaphy*
**suture**
Example: Herniorrhaphy (surgical repair of a hernia using sutures)
493
-rrhea
## Footnote
*Diarrhea*
**flow, discharge**
Example: Diarrhea (excessive flow of watery stools)
494
-rrhexis
## Footnote
*Hysterorrhexis*
**rupture**
Example: Hysterorrhexis (means rupture of the uterus), and Splenorrhexis (means rupture of the spleen)
495
rrhythm/o
## Footnote
*Dance Dance Dance*
**rhythm**
Dance Dance Dance
496
rubr/o, rubr/i
## Footnote
*Rubella*
**red**
Example: Rubric (which can refer to something red or areas marked by red coloration), or in the term Rubella (a viral infection that can cause a red rash)
497
sacchar/o
## Footnote
*Saccharin*
**sugar**
Examples: Saccharin (a sugar substitute), Saccharometer (a device to measure sugar concentration), and Saccharomyces (a type of yeast used in baking and brewing).
498
sacr/o
## Footnote
*Sacroiliac joint*
**sacrum**
Example: Sacroiliac joint (the joint connecting the sacrum to the ilium (pelvis))
499
salping/o
## Footnote
*Salpingitis*
**fallopian tube**
Example: Salpingitis (infection of the fallopian tubes)
500
sangu/i, sanguin/o
## Footnote
*Sanguinary*
**blood**
Example: Sanguine (having a ruddy complexion) or Sanguinary (bloody)
501
sanit/a
**health, sanitation**
Example: sanitary conditions (refers to conditions related to keeping things clean and hygienic)
502
sapr/o
## Footnote
*Sapremia*
**rotten, decay**
Example: Sapremia (would refer to a condition involving putrid or rotten substances in the blood)
503
sarc/o
## Footnote
*Sarcoma*
**flesh**
Example: Sarcoma (a type of cancerous tumor that arises from connective tissues like muscle or bone)
504
scaph/o
## Footnote
*scaphoid*
**scaphoid bone**
The scaphoid is a carpal bone located in the wrist, specifically on the thumb side. It is shaped like a boat and is important for wrist movement.
505
scapul/o
## Footnote
*Scapular fracture*
**scapula, commonly known as the shoulder blade**
Example: Scapular fracture (a broken shoulder blade)
506
scat/o
## Footnote
*exactally that*
**feces**
I'm not explaining this
507
scel/o
## Footnote
*The Sclera*
**white outer layer of the eyeball**
Example: The Sclera (a fibrous, opaque connective tissue layer that covers the posterior five-sixths of the eye, providing protection and maintaining its shape)
508
schist/o, -schisis
## Footnote
*Retinoschisis*
**split, cleft**
Example: Retinoschisis (separation of the layers of the retina, causing a split in the vision)
509
schiz/o
## Footnote
*Schizophrenia*
**split, division**
Example: Schizophrenia (combines schiz/o (split) with "-phrenia" (mind), referring to a fragmented or split mind, not a split personality)
510
scint/i
## Footnote
*Scintigraphy*
**spark**
Example: Scintigraphy
This is a medical imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to create images of organs and tissues. The emitted light from the tracers is detected, and the image is formed based on the intensity of the light.
511
scirrh/o
## Footnote
*scirrhous tumor*
**hard**
Example: scirrhous tumor (describes a type of cancer that is characterized by a hard, fibrous tissue)
512
scler/o
## Footnote
*atherosclerosis*
**hard, hardening or sclera**
Examples: Sclerodactyly (localized thickening and tightness of skin, often in fingers), scleroderma (disease of connective tissue with skin hardening), and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) are examples of terms using scler/o
513
-sclerosis
## Footnote
*Multiple sclerosis*
**hardening**
Example: Multiple sclerosis (hardening of the protective sheath around nerves)
514
scolec/o
## Footnote
*Scolecitis*
**worm**
Example: Scolecitis (refers to an inflammation of the intestines caused by worms)
515
scoli/o
## Footnote
*Scoliosis*
**crooked, twisted**
Example: Scoliosis (a condition where the spine has an abnormal curve)
516
-scope
## Footnote
*Endoscopy*
**instrument for visual examination**
Examples: Endoscopy (examination of the internal organs using an endoscope)
and Colonoscopy (examination of the colon using a colonoscope)
517
-scopy
## Footnote
*Colonoscopy*
**visual examination**
Example: Colonoscopy (examining the colon using a colonoscope)
Indicates a procedure involving visual examination using a specialized instrument. It is commonly used in medical terms to describe diagnostic tests and procedures
518
scot/o
## Footnote
*Scotoma*
**darkness**
Example: Scotoma (refers to a blind spot in the visual field, meaning a localized area of darkness or reduced vision)
519
scrib/o, script/o
## Footnote
Prescription
**to write**
Example: Prescription (referring to a written document of medical instructions)
520
seb/o
## Footnote
*small glands in the skin that produce sebum*
**sebum, sebaceous gland**
Sebaceous glands are small glands in the skin that produce sebum, an oily substance that helps to moisturize and protect the skin.
521
-sect
## Footnote
*Dissect*
**to cut**
Example: Dissect (to cut apart or separate)
522
secund/i
## Footnote
*secundus*
**second**
It's used to indicate the presence of a second thing or the second in a sequence. For example, "secundus" is the Latin word for "second." Therefore, in a medical context, you might see it used to describe a second occurrence or a second in a series of events or objects.
523
sedat/o
## Footnote
*Sedation*
**to calm**
Example: Sedation
524
semi-
## Footnote
*Semiconscious*
**half**
Example: Semiconscious (partially conscious)
525
semin/i
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**semen**
526
senil/o
## Footnote
*senile*
**old, old age**
Example: senile (a common adjective formed from the root, meaning "belonging to old age" or "characteristic of old age")
527
sens/o, sensat/o
## Footnote
*Sensatometry*
**feeling, perception**
Example: Sensatometry (the measurement of sensations)
528
sensor/i
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**sensory**
Generally refers to a device that detects and responds to a physical stimulus, such as heat, light, or pressure, and transmits a signal for measurement or control. It can also refer to a sense organ or the totality of sensory perception in the brain.
529
sepsis, septic/o
## Footnote
*Sepsis*
**infection, putrefaction**
Example: Sepsis (a life-threatening condition where the body's response to an infection damages its own tissues and organs. It can lead to organ failure, septic shock (a severe drop in blood pressure), and even death)
530
sept/o
## Footnote
*nasal septum*
**the septum**
(a dividing wall or membrane in the body. It is commonly used in the context of the respiratory system to describe the nasal septum, which separates the nasal cavity into two halves)
531
ser/o
## Footnote
*serology*
**serum**
(the clear, watery part of blood. It's used in creating compound words, like "serology," which is the study of serum and the reactions of antibodies and antigens)
532
sial/o
## Footnote
*Sialadenitis*
**saliva, salivary gland**
Example: Sialadenitis (inflammation of a salivary gland)
533
sicc/o
## Footnote
*conditions or processes related to the removal of moisture*
**to dry**
(It's often used to describe conditions or processes related to the removal of moisture or drying out)
534
sider/o
## Footnote
*Siderosis*
**iron**
Example: Siderosis (a condition where iron deposits accumulate in tissues, often in the lungs)
535
sigmoid/o
## Footnote
*the portion of the large intestine before the rectum*
**sigmoid colon**
(the portion of the large intestine before the rectum. The sigmoid colon is shaped like the letter "S", hence the name "sigmoid", derived from the Greek letter sigma)
536
silic/o
## Footnote
*Silicosis*
**silicon or it's compounds**
Example: Silicosis (a lung disease caused by silica dust inhalation)
537
sinistr/o
## Footnote
*it used to be sinister to be this*
**left**
Think: it used to be sinister to be left handed
538
sinus/o, sin/o
## Footnote
*sinusitis*
**sinuses**
Example: sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses)
539
sit/o
## Footnote
*sitotherapy*
**foot**
Example: sitotherapy (a method of using heated or medicated baths to treat certain conditions, particularly those involving the lower body)
540
skelet/o
## Footnote
*Spooky Spooky Halloween*
**skeleton**
Spooky Spooky Halloween
541
soci/o
## Footnote
*Sociopath*
**social, society**
Example: Sociopath (a mental disorder characterized by extreme antisocial behavior)
542
sodi/o
## Footnote
*sodiferous*
**compound containing sodium**
Example: sodiferous (containing or secreting sodium)
543
solut/o
## Footnote
*Solution*
**dissolved**
Example: Solution (refers to a liquid in which a substance has been dissolved)
544
somat/o
## Footnote
*Somatic*
**body**
Example: Somatic (anything related to the body)
545
somn/i, -somnia
## Footnote
*insomnia*
**sleep**
Example: insomnia (in-som-nia) means difficulty in sleeping, while hypersomnia (hyp-er-som-nia) means excessive sleepiness
546
son/o
## Footnote
*Sonography*
**sound**
Sonography: A procedure that uses sound waves to create images of internal organs.
547
-spasm, spasm/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**involuntary contraction**
548
spectr/o
## Footnote
*Spectral imaging*
**image, spectrum**
Example: Spectral imaging (a technique that uses energy-resolved X-ray imaging to analyze tissue and materials)
549
sphen/o
## Footnote
*a wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull, behind the eyes*
Refers to the sphenoid bone, which is a wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull, behind the eyes.
The sphenoid bone contributes to the formation of the eye socket and also contains sinuses.
550
spher/o
## Footnote
*Spherocytosis*
**round, sphere**
Example: Spherocytosis (a blood disorder where red blood cells are abnormally round)
551
sphygm/o
## Footnote
*Sphygmography*
**pulse**
Example: Sphygmography (a procedure that records the pulse wave)
552
spir/o
## Footnote
*Spirometer*
**breathe**
Example: Spirometer (a device used to measure lung function by recording the volume and speed of breaths)
553
splanchn/o
## Footnote
*splanchnic*
Refers to the viscera, which are the internal organs, particularly those within the abdominal cavity.
Specifically, it pertains to the abdominal organs like the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and spleen.
The term "splanchnic" is also derived from this, meaning "of or relating to the viscera".
554
spondyl/o
## Footnote
*Spondylolisthesis*
**vertebrae, spinal column**
Example: Spondylolisthesis (disorder involving slippage of the vertebrae)
555
spongi/o
## Footnote
*often made of gauze or cotton*
**spongelike, spongy**
Example: Surgical sponges are absorbent pads, often made of gauze or cotton, used in surgery to absorb fluids and blood.
556
spor/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**spore, seed**
Meaning a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism under favorable conditions. It is a root word used to build terms related to spores or spore-forming organisms.
557
-stabile
## Footnote
*stable*
**stable, fixed**
Specifically in a patient's context, "stable" can mean their vital signs are steady and not fluctuating significantly.
558
-stalsis
## Footnote
*Peristalsis*
**contraction**
Example: Peristalsis (wave-like contractions that propel food or other substances through tubular organs, such as the digestive tract)
559
staped/o
## Footnote
Stapedotomy
**stapes** (a small bone in the middle ear)
Example: Stapedotomy (is a surgical procedure to remove the stapes, while Stapeditis is an inflammation of the stapes)
560
staphyl/o
## Footnote
*a resemblance to a bunch of grapes*
**uvula, grape-like clusters**
This combining form indicates a resemblance to a bunch of grapes or the uvula, a fleshy part of the soft palate.
561
-stasis
## Footnote
*Hemostasis*
**standing still, standing**
Example: Hemostasis (stopping of blood flow)
562
steat/o
## Footnote
*Steatohepatitis*
**fat**
Example: Steatohepatitis (inflammation of the liver due to fat accumulation)
563
-stenosis, sten/o
## Footnote
*Stenosis*
**narrowing**
Example: Stenosis (referring to a narrowing of a body part or area)
564
stere/o
## Footnote
*stereotactic surgery*
**solid, three-dimensional**
This is often used when referring to procedures that involve precise positioning in three-dimensional space, like stereotactic surgery.
For example, stereotactic biopsies, surgery, or radiation therapy can be performed stereotactically, meaning with precise location in three dimensions.
565
steril/o
## Footnote
*sterility or the absence of living organisms*
**barren**
Specifically relating to sterility or the absence of living organisms (germs or bacteria). It's used to describe a state of infertility or a process that eliminates microorganisms
566
stern/o
## Footnote
*sternotomy*
**sternum or breastbone**
Example: Surgeons perform a sternotomy when they open the chest to do heart surgery
567
steth/o
## Footnote
*Stethoscope*
**chest**
Example: Stethoscope (a medical instrument used to hear sounds within the chest and lungs, such as heart sounds and breath sounds)
568
stich/o, -stichia
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**condition of stitch, seam, or line**
It is used to describe conditions involving stitches or seams, often in a surgical context
569
stigmat/o
## Footnote
*stigmatoid*
**mark, point**
It is used to describe a visible sign, spot, or lesion on the body.
For example, a "stigmatoid" lesion might appear as a mark or spot.
570
stomat/o
## Footnote
*stomatitis*
**mouth**
Example: stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) or stomatoplasty (surgical repair of the mouth)
571
-stomy
## Footnote
*Gastrostomy*
**surgical opening**
Example: Gastrostomy (an opening in the stomach)
572
strat/i
## Footnote
*stratum corneum*
**layer**
Example: stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) or stratified squamous epithelium (a type of tissue with multiple layers)
573
strept/o
## Footnote
*bacteria that form chains*
**twisted, curved**
It's often used to describe bacteria that form chains, like in the case of Streptococcus, which is a group of bacteria that cause various infections including strep throat.
574
strict/o
## Footnote
*stricture*
**to tighten, bind**
Example: stricture (a permanent narrowing) and stenosis (a temporary narrowing, often caused by swelling).
575
-stroma
## Footnote
*primarily made up of connective tissue*
**supporting tissue of an organ**
Example: Stroma is primarily made up of connective tissue, but also includes blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
576
stroph/o
## Footnote
*Strophodynia*
**twisted**
Example: Strophodynia (which would refer to pain associated with a turning or twisting motion)
577
sub-
## Footnote
*Subpar*
**under, beneath**
Example: Subpar (below average)
578
sud/o
## Footnote
*Sudoriferous glands*
**sweat**
Example: Sudoriferous glands (glands that produce sweat)
579
sulc/o
## Footnote
*found on the surface of various organs and tissues, such as the brain or the skin*
**furrow, groove**
It is used to describe anatomical structures like the sulcus, which is a furrow or channel found on the surface of various organs and tissues, such as the brain or the skin.
580
super-
## Footnote
*Superclavicular*
**on top of, resting on**
Example: Superclavicular (above the clavicle)
581
supra-
## Footnote
*Supranational*
**above but not touching, beyond**
Example: Supranational (power that transcends nations boundaries).
582
sym-, syn-
## Footnote
*Symbiosis*
**with, together**
Example: Symbiosis (two or more organisms living together)
583
synaps/o
synapt/o
## Footnote
*the junction between two nerve cells where information is transmitted*
**Point of contact, to join**
Specifically, it refers to the synapse, which is the junction between two nerve cells where information is transmitted. The root is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," meaning "conjunction" or "joining together".
584
syndesm/o
## Footnote
*a joint where contiguous bone surfaces are connected*
**ligament, connective tissue**
It specifically relates to a joint where contiguous bone surfaces are connected by a ligament
585
synov/o
## Footnote
*a lubricating fluid within joints*
**synovia, synovial membrane**
the membrane lining the inner surface of the synovial joint capsule and produces synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid is a lubricating fluid within joints, helping to reduce friction between bones.
586
syphil/o
## Footnote
*A sexually transmitted infection*
**Syphilis**
A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum
587
systol/o
## Footnote
*period when the ventricles pump blood out to the body*
**Contraction phase of the heart muscle**
It describes the period when the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart) pump blood out to the body.
588
tachy-
## Footnote
*Tachycardia*
**fast**
Example: Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
589
tal/o
## Footnote
*also known as the ankle bone*
Refers to the talus bone, which is also known as the ankle bone. It is a key bone in the foot and ankle that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula.
590
tars/o
## Footnote
*the group of seven bones located at the hindfoot, forming the ankle*
Refers to the ankle or tarsal bones.
It can also relate to the edge of the eyelid.
Specifically, it refers to the group of seven bones located at the hindfoot, forming the ankle.
591
-taxia, tax/o
## Footnote
*signifies how bodily structures work together in a systematic manner*
**arrangement, coordination**
It signifies how bodily structures work together in a systematic manner. Therefore, the correct selections include coordination, order, and arrangement.
592
techn/o
## Footnote
*used to describe something that requires expertise or technical proficiency*
**skill, art**
It's used to describe something that requires expertise or technical proficiency.
593
tect/o
## Footnote
*structure or function of structures that provide protection*
**rooflike**
It's typically used in terms related to the structure or function of structures that provide protection.
594
tel/e, tel/o
## Footnote
*Teloblast*
**end, distant**
Example: Teloblast (a large cell, often found at the end of an embryo, that divides into smaller cells)
595
temp/o, tempor/o
**the temples**
596
-tension, tens/o
## Footnote
*Tension headache*
**stretched, strained**
Examples: Muscular tension (the tightness or stiffness of muscles)
Tension headache (a type of headache caused by muscle contraction)
597
terat/o
## Footnote
*Teratology*
**monstrous conditions, abnormal**
Examples: Teratology (the study of birth defects)
Teratogenic (capable of causing birth defects)
598
termin/o
## Footnote
*Terminations*
**the end, limit**
Example: Terminations (the termination of a process, such as the termination of a pregnancy or a treatment)
Terminus (a point or end, such as the terminus of a nerve or a vessel)
599
terti-
## Footnote
*tertiary care*
Generally refers to the third rank, level, or stage, or something related to advanced or specialized medical care. It can also describe a carbon atom attached to three other carbon atoms in a molecule.
For example, "tertiary care" is a specialized level of medical care often requiring referrals, and "tertiary syphilis" is a stage of syphilis infection.
600
test/o, testicul/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**testis**
I'm not explaining what these are
601
tetan/o
## Footnote
*infectious disease characterized by stiff muscles and spasms*
**tetanus**
(a serious infectious disease characterized by stiff muscles and spasms)
602
tetra-
## Footnote
*Tetralogy of Fallot*
**four**
Example: Tetralogy of Fallot (a congenital heart defect involving four structural abnormalities)
Tetraplegia (paralysis of all four limbs)
603
thanat/o
## Footnote
*thanatology*
**death**
Example: thanatology (the study of death and dying)
604
thec/o
## Footnote
*Thecoma*
**sheath, case**
Example: Thecoma (a tumor of the ovary that is made up of cells that resemble the sheath of a nerve fiber)
Thecodont (a type of tooth that is set in a socket or sheath)
605
thel/o
## Footnote
*Theloma*
**nipple**
Examples: Theloma (a small, nipple-like tumor)
Thelitis (inflammation of the nipple)
606
theor/o
## Footnote
*Theory*
**speculation**
Example: Theory
607
-therapy, therapeut/o
## Footnote
*Chemotherapy*
**treatment**
Example: Chemotherapy (uses drugs for treatment)
Cryotherapy (uses cold for treatment)
608
therm/o
## Footnote
*Hypothermia*
**heat**
Example: Hypothermia (abnormally low body temperature)
609
thigm/o
## Footnote
*Thigmoreceptor*
**touch**
Example: Thigmoreceptor (refers to a receptor that responds to touch)
610
thio-
## Footnote
*Thiocyanate*
**presence of sulfur**
Example: Thiocyanate (refers to a compound containing a sulfur atom and a cyanide group)
611
thorac/o
## Footnote
*Thorax*
**chest, thorax**
Example: Thorax (the thorax is the part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, also known as the chest)
612
thromb/o
## Footnote
*Thrombophlebitis*
**clot**
Example: Thrombophlebitis (clot and inflammation inside a vein)
613
-thymia
## Footnote
*Dysthymia*
**mind, emotions**
Examples: Dysthymia (achronic, mild form of depression)
Cyclothymia (mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of hypomania and depression)
614
thym/o
## Footnote
*Located in the superior and anterior part of the upper chest*
**thymus gland**
Located in the superior and anterior part of the upper chest
615
thyr/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**thyroid gland**
616
tibi/o
## Footnote
*Largest bone in the lower leg area*
**tibia**
Largest bone in the lower leg area
617
toc/o, -tocia
## Footnote
*Tocolysis *
**childbirth, labor**
Example: Tocolysis (to stop the labor or birthing process)
618
-tome
**instrument for cutting**
619
tom/o
## Footnote
*Microtome*
**cut, section, layer**
Example: Microtome (an instrument used to cut thin slices of tissue for microscopic examination)
620
-tomy
## Footnote
*Appendectomy (removal of the appendix)*
**surgical incision**
Examples: Appendectomy (removal of the appendix)
Craniectomy (incision into the skull)
Gastrectomy (removal of the stomach)
Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)
621
ton/o
## Footnote
*Tonometer*
**tone, tension**
Example: Tonometer (an instrument used to measure intraocular pressure (tone of the eye))
Tonography (a test that measures changes in eye pressure over time)
622
tonsill/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**tonsils**
623
torpid/o
## Footnote
*a state of sleep or a reduced metabolic rate*
**sluggish, inactive**
It can refer to a state of sleep or a reduced metabolic rate, similar to hibernation in animals. The term can also describe a mental state of apathy or sluggishness.
624
tox/o, toxic/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**poison**
625
trache/o
## Footnote
*Tracheotomy*
**trachea**
the windpipe that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (airways leading to the lungs).
Examples: Tracheotomy (a surgical procedure to create an opening in the trachea for breathing)
Tracheobronchial (relating to both the trachea and bronchi)
626
trachy-
## Footnote
*Tracheostomy*
**trachea** (windpipe)
Examples: Tracheostomy (surgically created opening into the trachea for breathing)
Tracheotomy (surgical incision into the trachea)
627
trans-
## Footnote
*Transurethral*
**across**
Examples: Transurethral (means through the urethra)
Transabdominal (through the abdomen)
628
traumat/o
## Footnote
*Traumatology*
**trauma, injury, wound**
Examples: Traumatology (the study of injuries and their treatment)
Traumatopathy (a disease resulting from trauma)
Traumatotherapy (the treatment of injuries)
629
trem/o, tremul/o
## Footnote
*tremulous*
**shaking, trembling**
Example: tremulous could be used to describe a shaking voice or a trembling hand
630
-tresia
## Footnote
*Proctotresia*
**opening, perforation**
Example: Proctotresia (perforation of the rectum) and Sphenotresia (perforation of the sphenoid bone).
631
trich/o
## Footnote
*Trichology*
**hair**
Examples: Trichology (the study of hair and scalp)
Trichotillomania (an impulse control disorder that causes compulsive hair pulling)
632
-tripsy
## Footnote
*Lithotripsy*
**to crush, break**
Example: Lithotripsy (crushing kidney stones into smaller fragments that can be expelled in the urine)
Cholelithotripsy (crushing gallstones into smaller pieces that can be passed through the bile duct)
633
-trophy, troph/o
## Footnote
*Trophoblast*
**nourishment, growth**
Examples: Trophoblast (the layer of cells that nourishes the developing embryo in the early stages of pregnancy)
Trophic ulcer (a sore that develops on the skin or mucous membranes due to poor blood flow and inadequate nourishment)
634
-tropia
indicates a condition where the eyes are misaligned
635
tubercul/o
## Footnote
*Tuberculosis*
**tubercle**
example: Tuberculosis (meaning "small swelling" or "protuberance". Therefore, tubercul/o relates to bumps, swellings, or nodules)
636
-tumescence
## Footnote
*vascular congestion and swelling of the erectile tissues during sexual arousal or excitation*
The quality or state of being swollen or engorged, particularly in relation to the erectile tissues. It commonly describes the normal vascular congestion and swelling of the erectile tissues during sexual arousal or excitation.
637
turbid/i
## Footnote
*to describe the appearance of a liquid in a lab sample*
**cloudy, confused**
In a medical context, turbid fluid can be observed in things like urine, or in some cases, to describe the appearance of a liquid in a lab sample.
638
turg/o, turgid/o
## Footnote
*refers to a state where tissues or structures are abnormally enlarged due to excess fluid or inflammation*
**to swell, swollen**
It refers to a state where tissues or structures are abnormally enlarged due to excess fluid or inflammation.
639
tympan/o
## Footnote
*Tympanometry*
**eardrum**
Examples: Tympanometry (a test measuring the middle ear's function)
Tympanectomy (surgical removal of the eardrum).
640
typhl/o
## Footnote
*the first part of the large intestine*
**cecum**
The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the beginning of the colon, where the small intestine connects.
641
typh/o
## Footnote
*Typhoid fever*
**typhus, typhoid**
Examples: Typhoid fever: is a serious bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, typically transmitted through contaminated food or water.
Typhus: is another infectious disease, although it's caused by different bacteria and has different symptoms compared to typhoid fever.
642
-ule
## Footnote
*Nodule*
**little, small**
Examples: Venule: A small vein
Nodule: A small knot or lump
Granule: A small grain or particle
643
ul/o
## Footnote
*ulcer*
**scar, scarring**
Example: ulcer (which is a lesion on the surface of an organ or tissue)
644
ultra-
## Footnote
*Ultraviolet*
**beyond, excess**
Example: Ultraviolet (radiation beyond the visible spectrum)
645
-um
## Footnote
*endocardium*
**structure, thing, membrane**
Example: Endocardium (structure within the heart)
endo- (within)
cardi/o (heart)
-um (structure)
646
un-
## Footnote
*Unconscious*
**not, without**
Examples: Unconscious (not conscious)
Uninfected (not infected)
Unstable (not stable)
Undiagnosed (not diagnosed)
647
ungu/o
## Footnote
*Onycho-mycosis*
**nail**
Example: Onycho-mycosis (describes a fungal infection of the nails, where "onycho-" is a combining form related to nails (similar to "ungu") and "mycosis" indicates an infection)
648
uni-
## Footnote
*Unilateral*
**one**
Example: Unilateral (affecting or occurring on one side)
649
uran/o
## Footnote
*the roof of the mouth*
**palate**
(the roof of the mouth)
It specifically indicates the hard and soft tissues forming the upper part of the mouth cavity.
650
-uresis
## Footnote
*Enuresis*
**urination**
Example: Enuresis (involuntary urination, such as bedwetting)
Diuresis (increased production of urine)
Anuresis (inability to urinate)
651
ureter/o
## Footnote
*Ureteral obstruction*
**ureter**
(Connects the kidney to the bladder)
Example: Ureteral obstruction (a blockage in the ureter that prevents urine from flowing properly)
652
urethr/o
## Footnote
*The tube that connect the urinary bladder to the outside of the body*
**urethra**
The tube that connect the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
653
-uria
## Footnote
*Polyuria*
**urine condition**
Example: Polyuria (excessive urination)
654
uric/o
## Footnote
*related to the metabolic waste product*
**uric acid**
It's used in terms related to the metabolic waste product uric acid, which is a normal component of urine but can cause health problems when it accumulates in the blood or forms crystals in joints or kidneys.
655
ur/o, urin/o
## Footnote
*Urinary tract*
**urine**
Example: Urinary tract (the system of organs that produce, store, and excrete urine, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra)
656
uter/o
## Footnote
*ya know, your baby holder*
**uterus**
(ya know, your baby holder)
657
uve/o
## Footnote
*a layer of tissue in the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid*
**uvea**
a layer of tissue in the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
658
uvul/o
## Footnote
*the soft, fleshy tissue that dangles down from the soft palate at the back of the throat*
**uvula**
refers to the "uvula," the soft, fleshy tissue that dangles down from the soft palate at the back of the throat
659
vaccin/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**vaccine**
660
vagin/o
## Footnote
*what it sounds like*
**vagina**
I'm not explaining what this is
661
valv/o, valvul/o
## Footnote
*Valvulitis*
**heart valves**
Examples: Valvulitis (inflammation of a valve)
Valvuloplasty (surgical repair of a valve)
662
varic/o
## Footnote
*twisted veins that are often found in the legs*
**varicose veins**
twisted veins that are often found in the legs, but can also occur in other parts of the body. They are characterized by their visible, enlarged, and sometimes painful appearance.
(you see these (blue) on the lower legs usually)
663
vari/o, variat/o
## Footnote
*variation*
**change, vary**
It's a combining form used to indicate a change in form, structure, or function, often implying abnormality or alteration.
664
vas/o
## Footnote
*Vas Deferens (the tube leading out of the testes caring sperm)*
**duct, vessel**
Example: Vas Deferens (the tube leading out of the testes caring sperm)
665
vascul/o
## Footnote
*Cardiovascular*
**blood vessel**
Example: Cardiovascular (refers to the heart and blood vessel system)
666
ven/o
**vein**
667
ventil/o
## Footnote
*Ventilator*
**to aerate, ventilation**
Example: Ventilator (a medical device used to assist or control breathing, providing ventilation for patients who cannot breathe on their own)
668
ventr/o
## Footnote
*Ventrotomy*
**belly, front of the body**
Examples: Ventrotomy (incision into the abdomen)
Ventrodorsal (front to back), Ventrolateral (front and side)
669
ventricul/o
## Footnote
*Ventriculotomy*
**ventricle of the heart or brain**
Example: Ventriculotomy (incision into a ventricle)
Ventriculoatrial (relating to a ventricle and atrium)
Ventriculitis (inflammation of a ventricle)
670
venul/o
## Footnote
*a small vein or the smallest of the veins*
**venule**
refers to a venule, which is a small vein or the smallest of the veins. Venules are structures that collect blood from capillaries and eventually merge to form larger veins.
671
verruc/i
## Footnote
*a small, raised growth on the skin, often caused by a virus (like HPV)*
**wart**
A verruca is a small, raised growth on the skin, often caused by a virus (like HPV)
672
vers/o, -verse
## Footnote
*reverse*
**turn, turning**
used to describe actions or conditions involving a change in direction or position.
For example, in the word "reverse," "vers" means "turned back"
673
vertebr/o
## Footnote
*Vertebrolasty*
**vertebra** (the spine)
Example: Vertebrolasty (a surgical procedure to repair a fractured vertebra)
Vertebrospinal (relating to both the vertebrae and the spinal cord)
674
vesic/o
## Footnote
*Vesicular*
**urinary bladder**
Example: Vesicular (refers to the bladder)
675
vestibul/o
## Footnote
*vestibule*
refers to the vestibule of the inner ear. The vestibule is a space within the inner ear that connects the cochlea and semicircular canals, playing a role in balance and equilibrium.
676
vibr/o, vibrat/o
## Footnote
*Vibration*
**to quiver, shake**
Vibration
677
viril/o
## Footnote
*referring to traits or characteristics associated with males*
**masculine, manly**
referring to traits or characteristics associated with males.
678
viscer/o
## Footnote
*Visceral pain*
**internal organs** (specifically those within the abdominal cavity)
Examples: Visceral pain (pain originating from the internal organs)
Visceroptosis (the prolapse of an internal organ)
679
viscid/o, viscos/o
## Footnote
*Viscosimeter*
**sticky, glutinous**
It specifically relates to the viscosity of fluids, meaning their resistance to flow or movement when forces are applied
Example: Viscosimeter (a device to measure viscosity)
680
vit/o, vital/o
## Footnote
*Vitals*
**life, vital**
Examples: Vitalograph or Vitalometer (measuring vital signs or life functions)
681
viv/i
## Footnote
*Vitals*
**life, alive**
Examples: Vital (this term refers to something essential for life, like vital signs or vital organs)
Viability (this term refers to the capacity to live, grow, and develop normally)
682
-volemia
## Footnote
*Hypovolemia*
**blood volume**
Examples: Hypovolemia (indicates a decrease in blood volume) Hypervolemia (indicates an increase)
683
volv/o, volut/o
## Footnote
*Volvulus*
**to roll, to twist**
Example: Volvulus (which refers to a twisting of the intestine)
684
vulv/o
## Footnote
*the external female genitalia*
**vulva**
(the external female genitalia)
685
xanth/o
## Footnote
*Xanthophyll*
**yellow**
Example: Xanthophyll (yellow pigment in plants)
686
xen/o
**strange, foreign matter**
687
xer/o
## Footnote
*Xeroderma*
**dry**
Example: Xeroderma (a genetic skin disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight and dry, scaly skin)
688
xiph/o
## Footnote
*the lower part of the sternum, which resembles a small sword*
**sword-shaped, xiphoid**
Specifically, it's related to the xiphoid process, the lower part of the sternum, which resembles a small sword.
689
-y
## Footnote
*polydactyly*
**condition, process of**
Example: Polydactyly (condition of excessive fingers or toes)
poly- (many, much, excessive, frequent)
dactyl/o (digitus (finger or toe))
-y (condition, process of)
690
zyg/o
## Footnote
*Zygote*
**union, junction**
It signifies the joining of two things, particularly in the context of reproductive biology.
Examples: Zygote (the first diploid cell formed when a sperm and egg fuse)
Zygomatic Bone (one of a pair of bones that form the cheekbone and contributes to the orbit of the eye)
691
zym/o
## Footnote
*used to describe substances that catalyze biochemical reactions*
**enzyme, ferment**
It's often used to describe substances that catalyze biochemical reactions, like digestive enzymes.
692
tumesc/o
## Footnote
*condition of tissue becoming swollen or puffy*
**to swell, to become swollen**
It refers to the condition of tissue becoming swollen or puffy, often due to fluid buildup or inflammation.
