Terms Flashcards

Question

ambi-

Answer 1

**around, on both sides, about** Example: Ambidextrous (being able to use both hands)

Answer 2

**dim, dull** Example: Ambyopia (condition of poor vision in one eye because of a disconnect between the eye and the brain)

Answer 3

**amnion** (sac surrounding the embryo)

Answer 4

**around, on both sides** Example: Amphibious (living on both land and water)

Answer 5

**up, backward, against** Example: Anatomy (cutting up or dissection)

Answer 6

**male** Example: Androgen which is the male hormone

Answer 7

**vessel** Example: Angiogram which is an x-ray of the blood vessels

Answer 8

**unequal** Example: Anisocoria (condition of unequal pupils)

Answer 9

**before, forward** Example: Anteflexion (bending forward)

Answer 10

**front** Example: Anterior (in front of)

Answer 11

**man, human being** Example: Anthropogenesis (origin of man)

Answer 12

**aorta** Is the largest artery in the body

Answer 13

**separation, removal** Example: Plasmapheresis (method of removing blood plasma from the body by withdrawing blood)

Answer 14

**ulcer** Example: Aphthous ulcer (canker sore)

Answer 15

**apex** Example:

Answer 16

**away, separation** Example: Apostaxis (slight hemorrhage or trickling of blood)

Answer 17

**water** Example: Aqueous

Answer 18

**first** Example:

Answer 19

**arsenic**

Answer 20

**artery**

Answer 21

**small artery**

Answer 22

**joint** Example: Arthroscopy (a test that involves looking into a joint)

Answer 23

**inhaling, removal** Example: Aspiration (the inhalation of a foreign body or substance)

Answer 24

**weakness** Example: Neurasthenia (nerve weekness)

Answer 25

**star, star-shaped** Example: Astrocytoma (star shaped brain cancer)

Answer 26

**incomplete, imperfect** Example: Atelectasis (incomplete expansion of the alveoli)

Answer 27

**fatty substance or fatty plaque within the blood vessels**

Answer 28

**steam, vapor**

Answer 29

**closure, occlusion** Example: Intestinal atresia (blockage or occlusion of the intestinal tract that is usually congenital)

Answer 30

**closed, lacking an opening** Example: Atresia (refers to the absence of a normal body opening or passage)

Answer 31

**atrium or upper chamber of the heart** Example: Atrioventricular node (node that connects the nerves from the atrium and the ventricle of the heart)

Answer 32

**hearing**

Answer 33

**ear** Example: Aural (pertaining to the ear)

Answer 34

**to listen** Example: Auscultate. This term relies on the root word “ausculto”, which means “to listen”. The suffix “ate” implies an action term.

Answer 35

**self** Example: Autobiography

Answer 36

**axis** Example: An anatomic term referring to the axial, as in the axial skeleton.

Answer 37

**armpit** Example: Axillary

Answer 38

**nitrogen, urea** Example: Azotemia (This is a term that means urea or nitrogen in the blood and is a condition that occurs during renal failure)

Answer 39

**bacteria**

Answer 40

**glans penis** Example: Balanitis (infection or inflammation of this part of the penis)

Answer 41

**weight, pressure** Example: Bariatric surgery

Answer 42

**two** Example: Bilateral (affecting or involving both sides of the body)

Answer 43

**life, living** Example: Biopsy (examination of living tissue)

Answer 44

**early embryonic stage, immature** Example: Blastoma

Answer 45

**mucus** Example: Blennorrhagia (the discharge of mucus, often from the genital organs)

Answer 46

**eyelid** Example: Blepharitis (infection or inflammation of the eyelid)

Answer 47

**arm** Example: Brachial artery (artery in the upper arm)

Answer 48

**short** Example: Brachytherapy (special type of radiation therapy treatment in which the patient is given small radioactive beads that are directed for short distances near the tumor)

Answer 49

**slow** Example: Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Answer 50

**bronchus** related to the bronchial tree in the lungs

Answer 51

**bronchiole or small bronchial tube** Example: Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchioles or small airways)

Answer 52

**cheek** Example: Buccal mucosa (the mucous membrane within the mouth or inside the mouth) The root word is “bucc”, which means mouth and the suffix “al” means “pertaining to”

Answer 53

**fluid-filled sac near a joint or tendon** Example: Bursitis (inflammation of the bursa, which is a fluid-filled sac near a joint or tendon)

Answer 54

**bad, ill** Example: Cachexia (bad habit, wasting or lack of nutrition)

Answer 55

**heel bone** Example: Calcaneus (this is the medical term for the heel bone)

Answer 56

**calcium**

Answer 57

**to compute** Example: Acalculia (psychiatric and neurologic term referring to someone who has lost the ability to do math problems or compute things)

Answer 58

**calyx** Example: Caliceal stone (a kidney stone located in the calyx of the kidney.) The term “cali” refers to the renal calyx, while “eal” means relating to or pertaining to.

Answer 59

**heat** Example: Calorie (measure of heat/energy in the body)

Answer 60

**bent** Example: Camptocormia (refers to a posture with a bent or curved torso)

Answer 61

**carbon dioxide** Example: Capnography (test that measures the carbon dioxide level in the airway)

Answer 62

**capsule, container**

Answer 63

**cancer** Example: Carcinoma

Answer 64

**wrist** Example: Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 65

**down, under** Example: Catatonia (downward tone or stupor)

Answer 66

**cleansing, purging** Example: Cathartic (a drug capable of purging or cleansing the gastrointestinal tract). It can result in vomiting or diarrhea but, based on its root term “cathart,” causes purging or cleansing.

Answer 67

**tail or lower part of the body** Example: Caudal (refers to something closer the tail or the lower part of the body) It takes the “caudo” root word and adds the “al” suffix to it.

Answer 68

**burn, burning** Example: Causalgia (a condition in which the person has burning pain in their extremities)

Answer 69

**cecum or first part of the large bowel**

Answer 70

**hernia, swelling** Example: Hematocele (blood cyst)

Answer 71

**abdomen** Example: Celiac Disease

Answer 72

**surgical puncture of a cavity** Example: Culdocentesis (the removal of blood or fluid from the cul-de-sac behind the uterus)

Answer 73

**center**

Answer 74

**head** Example: Encephalopathy (a disease of the brain. The root word “encephalo” means brain, while the word “pathy” means “disease of”)

Answer 75

**cerebellum** (the back part of the brain)

Answer 76

**brain** Example: Cerebrum (thinking part of the brain)

Answer 77

**neck, cervix**

Answer 78

**relaxation** Example: Achalasia (a condition of the esophagus where the esophagus fails to relax. The term “chalasia” means, by definition “no relaxation”, which results in food building up in the esophagus during eating)

Answer 79

**lip** Example: Cheilitis (inflammation of the lips)

Answer 80

**chemical, chemistry** Example: Chemotherapy

Answer 81

**defecation** Example: Hematochezia (This literally means the defecation or elimination of blood or bleeding in the stools)

Answer 82

**hand** Example: Chiropractor (A person who uses hands-on therapy)

Answer 83

**green** Example: Chlorophyll - like the green pigment in plants

Answer 84

**gall, bile** Example: Cholecystectomy (removal of the gall bladder)

Answer 85

**cartilage** Example: Costochondritis (inflammation of the cartilage in the front of the rib cage)

Answer 86

**common bile duct** Example: Choledocholithiasis. (a stone in the common bile duct)

Answer 87

**colon** Example: Colitis (inflammation of the colon)

Answer 88

**pupil** Example: Cornea (covers the pupil)

Answer 89

**rib** Example: Costochondritis (an inflammation of the costochondral joints and means the joints in the chest related to the ribs)

Answer 90

**hip** Example: Coxofemoral joint. This is another name for the hip joint. It uses the root words “coxo” and “femor” which mean hip and thigh bone, respectively. Together, they define a joint that connects these two structures.

Answer 91

**skull** Example: Cranium

Answer 92

**secrete, separate** Example: Endocrinology This makes use of the prefix “endo”, meaning “in”, “crin”, which means “to secrete” and “ology”, which is the study of something. Together, this means the study of secreting in something or the study of hormones and the endocrine system

Answer 93

**separate** Example: Hematocrit This means “to separate blood” as the term “hemato” means blood and “crit” means to separate. It is a measurement of the number of blood cells in blood separated into plasma and red blood cells.

Answer 94

**crisis, dangerous** Example: Critical care This is a term used to describe the care of a seriously ill patient in the ICU. The root word in this setting is “critic”, which means crisis or dangerous. The suffix is “al”, which means pertaining to.

Answer 95

**cold** Example: cryo sleep

Answer 96

**hidden, concealed** Example: Cryptorchidism (hidden or undescended testicle)

Answer 97

**elbow, forearm** Example: Antecubital fossa. (This is the space in front of the elbow joint. “Ante” means before and “cubital” means pertaining to the elbow or forearm)

Answer 98

**cul-de-sac** Example: Culdocentesis. This is the removal of blood or fluid from the cul-de-sac behind the uterus. It is a gynecological test that relies on the term “culdo,” which means culde-sac, and “centesis,” which means to remove fluid from something.

Answer 99

**wedge, wedge-shaped** Example: the cuneiform bones of the foot are wedge-shaped.

Answer 100

**hearing** Example: Hyperacusis. This is a debilitating disease in which the patient experiences an increased sensitivity to sounds of certain frequencies. It relies on the root word “hyper” which means “high or above” and the suffix “acusis”, which means hearing.

Answer 101

**skin** Example: Cutaneous (pertaining to the skin)

Answer 102

**blue** Example: Cyanosis (blue skin)

Answer 103

**pregnancy** Example: Pseudocyesis. This is a psychiatric condition in which the woman has an imagined or “false” pregnancy. It relies on the root word “cyesis”, which means pregnancy and the prefix “pseudo”, which means false.

Answer 104

**bladder, cyst** Example: Cystitis (bladder inflammation)

Answer 105

**cell** Example: Erythrocyte (red blood cells)

Answer 106

**cartilage** Example: Costochondritis This is an inflammation of the costochondral joints and means the joints in the chest related to the ribs. The root words “chondro” and “costo” are in it, which mean cartilage and rib, respectively

Answer 107

**color** Example: Chromosome

Answer 108

**time, timing** Example: Chronological order

Answer 109

**gold** Example: Chrysler lol

Answer 110

**killing, agent which kills** Example: Suicide This involves killing oneself and relies on the root word for “killing”, which means “killing”. The extended word “suicidal” means “pertaining to kill”.

Answer 111

**movement, the capture of moving images** Example: Cinema

Answer 112

**around** Example: Circumcision (means cutting around) The term “circumocular” means around the eye, while “circumoral” means around the mouth.

Answer 113

**yellow** Example: cirrhosis (means yellowing of the skin due to a disease of the liver characterized by increase of connective tissue and alteration in the gross and microscopic makeup)

Answer 114

**break** Example: Arthroclasia (breaking of a joint or breaking up of adhesions)

Answer 115

**clavicle, collar bone** Example: Sternocleidomastoid muscle. This is a muscle that connects the collar bone to the mastoid process. It makes use of four root words: “sterno”, “cleido”, and “mastoid” in one word and “muscl” in the other word.

Answer 116

**coagulation** the clotting of blood in or out of the blood vessels. It uses the root words “coagul” and the suffix “ation”, which means process or condition.

Answer 117

**tail bone, соссух** Example: Coccygeal This is a word that used “coccyg” and “eal”, which means of or pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx.

Answer 118

**cochlea, inner part of the ear** Example: Cochlear implant This is an artificial implant placed in the cochlea or inner ear for the treatment of deafness. The root word “cochle” means inner ear or cochlea.

Answer 119

**vagina** Example: Colposcopy This is a visual examination of the vagina and cervix. It relies on the root word for “vagina,” which is “colpo,” and the suffix “scopy,” which refers to the visual examination of something

Answer 120

**dust** Example: Pneumoconiosis A lung disease caused by inhaling dust particles.

Answer 121

**against, opposite** Example: Contraception means something that is against conception.

Answer 122

**to bruise** Example: Contusion This means “a bruise” and uses the root word “contus”, which means “to bruise” and the suffix “ion”, meaning “condition of”

Answer 123

**heart** Example: Coronary. here are a number of heart-related terms that use “coronary” in it. It comes from the root word “coron,” which means circle or crown. The coronary arteries encircle the heart like a crown and give the term its meaning.

Answer 124

**body** Example: Extracorporeal (Outside the body)

Answer 125

**cortex** Example: Corticosteroid A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands.

Answer 126

**tear** Example: Words like “lacrimation” mean “tearing,” and words like “dacryocystitis” refer to inflammation of the tear duct sac.

Answer 127

**digit (finger or toe)** Example: Polydactyly (too many fingers or toes)

Answer 128

**tooth** Example: dental

Answer 129

**skin** Example: Dermatology

Answer 130

**to dry** Example: Desiccant An agent used to cause desiccation, like silica gel or other drying agents.

Answer 131

**surgical fixation, fusion** Example: Arthrodesis (Surgical fusion of a joint)

Answer 132

**second, secondary** Example: A word that uses this prefix is “deuteropathy”, which means in pathology, any abnormality that is secondary to another pathological condition

Answer 133

**right** Example: Dexterous (my dominant side)

Answer 134

**through, throughout** Example: Diagnosis (knowing the complete nature of a disease state)

Answer 135

**conjoined twin** Example: epididymis (refers to the coiled tube located on the back of the testis, storing sperm)

Answer 136

**enlarge, expand** Example: being dilated

Answer 137

**thirst** Example: Polydipsia. This is a medical condition that results in excessive thirst. It relies on the prefix “poly”, which means many or much, and “dips”, which means thirst. The suffix “ia” refers to “condition of”

Answer 138

**apart, to separate** Example: a negative prefix used in words such as “disavow”, which means to disclaim knowledge of, connection with, or responsibility for; disown; repudiate

Answer 139

**distant** Example: Distal Refers to the part of a body structure that is farthest from its origin or center.

Answer 140

**long** Example: Dolichofacial (Having a long face)

Answer 141

**back** Example: Dorsal This term can be used instead of posterior and means the back side or upper side of something. The dorsal fin of a fish is located on the upper/back part of the fish as opposed to a ventral fin.

Answer 142

**running** It's often used to indicate a sequence of events or a specific pattern, often related to a medical condition or disease. For example, a "drome" could refer to a syndrome, a group of symptoms that occur together.

Answer 143

**duodenum** The first part of the small intestines

Answer 144

**power, strength** It's used in compound words to indicate the force or ability to do something. For example, a dynamometer is an instrument used to measure force.

Answer 145

**pain** Example: Pleurodynia This is actually a respiratory term meaning pain in the chest wall. The term “pleuro” refers to the chest wall, while the term “dynia” means “pain”

Answer 146

**bad, difficult, painful** Example: Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

Answer 147

**outside, out** Example: Ectopic (out of place) and Eczema (a boiling out)

Answer 148

**spiny, prickly** Example: Echinocyte (A type of red blood cell with spiny projections on its surface)

Answer 149

**dilation, expansion** Example: bronchiectasis (is a dilation of the bronchial tree)

Answer 150

**surgical removal, excision** Example: Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)

Answer 151

**out of place** Example: Nephrectopia (an abnormal mobility of the kidney) Splenectopia (an abnormal mobility of the spleen)

Answer 152

**congenital absence** Example: It specifically refers to the absence of a limb or part of a limb, often in the context of teratology (the study of birth defects).

Answer 153

**swelling** Example: lymphedema (a swelling of the lymph fluid)

Answer 154

**in or within** Example: Embolism (thrown in or the plugging of a blood vessel)

Answer 155

**vomiting** Example: hematemesis (means vomiting of blood)

Answer 156

**blood condition** Example: Hyperemia (increase in blood flow)

Answer 157

**stoppage, obstruction** Example: splenemphraxis refers to splenic congestion, while pylemphraxis refers to occlusion of the portal vein.

Answer 158

**opposite, opposed** It's used to build medical terms related to structures or substances that are mirror images of each other. For example, "enantiomorph" refers to a pair of molecules that are mirror images.

Answer 159

**brain** Example: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrical test of the brain

Answer 160

**intestines** Example: Enteritis (inflammation of the intestines)

Answer 161

**red, rosy, dawn** Example: eosinophils (a type of white blood cell that stain readily with eosin, a red dye used in hematology)

Answer 162

**above, over, upon** Example: Epidermis (outer layer of skin)

Answer 163

**inflammation of the epididymis** It is typically caused by a bacterial infection and can cause pain, swelling, and discharge from the penis.

Answer 164

**vulva** Example: Episiotomy (a surgical incision made in the perineum (the area between the vagina and anus) during childbirth)

Answer 165

**equality, equal** Example: Equilateral

Answer 166

refers to an abnormal or excessive degree of irritability or sensitivity in an organ or tissue. It essentially means an unusual or heightened responsiveness to stimulation.

Answer 167

**work** Example: ergometer refers to a device used to measure work output, while ergonomics is the study of how to design workplaces and tasks to minimize physical stress and injury.

Answer 168

**flushed, redness** Example: Erythema (can be a symptom of many different conditions, including: rosacea, eczema, psoriasis, cellulitis, and fifth disease)

Answer 169

**red** Example: Erythrocyte (red blood cells)

Answer 170

**scab** It's a common finding in various wounds, including pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and burns

Answer 171

**sensation, feeling** Example: Anesthesia (lack of sensation in the body)

Answer 172

**cause** Example: This combining form is used to build medical terms related to the cause or origin of something, especially diseases

Answer 173

**good, normal, well** Example: Eupnea: Normal breathing Euedema: Mild swelling

Answer 174

**wide, broad** Example: Eurytherm (able to tolerate a wide range of temperatures)

Answer 175

**out, away from** Example: Exogenous (originating or occurring outside the body)

Answer 176

**outside** Example: Extraneous (foreign or not belonging to the body)

Answer 177

**face** Example: Facioplegia (paralysis of the facial muscles)

Answer 178

the fascia, a fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and supports muscles, organs, and other structures in the body

Answer 179

**femur** (thigh bone)

Answer 180

**iron** Example: Ferrous Sulfate

Answer 181

**fetus** Example: Fetoscope (a medical instrument used to listen to the fetal heartbeat)

Answer 182

**fibula** (small outer leg bone)

Answer 183

**thread, threadlike** It's commonly used in terms related to structures that resemble or are made of threads, like the filaments in some diseases or the structure of certain tissues

Answer 184

**yellow** It's often used to describe substances that contain flavin, like flavoproteins (proteins containing flavin) or flavobacteria (bacteria producing yellow pigments). Flavacol is yellow.

Answer 185

**to flow** It often implies an excessive or abnormal quantity. The term can describe various conditions, including diarrhea, dysentery, and other excessive discharges

Answer 186

**fluorine** Example: Fluorescein (a fluorescent dye used in ophthalmology and diagnostic imaging)

Answer 187

**small sac, follicle** Example: Follicular cyst (a cyst that develops in a follicle)

Answer 188

**before, in front** Example: Forehead: The front of the head Forearm: The part of the arm between the wrist and elbow

Answer 189

**fungus, mushroom**

Answer 190

**dark brown** Example: fuscosanguineous (something that is dark brown like blood)

Answer 191

**milk** Example: Galactorrhea (excessive milk production)

Answer 192

**gamete** A gamete is a haploid germ cell (like sperm or ovum) that fuses with another germ cell during fertilization.

Answer 193

**ganglion**(a cluster of nerve cells located outside the brain and spinal cord) Example: Ganglioneuroma (a tumor that originates from nerve cells in a ganglion)

Answer 194

**to freeze, congeal** Example: gelatinization (refers to the process of turning something into a gel)

Answer 195

generation or origin. This is used in the word “pathogenesis,” which is the origin or development of a disease state.

Answer 196

**chin** Example: Genioplasty (surgical correction of the chin)

Answer 197

**reproduction** Example: Genitourinary (refers to both the genital and urinary systems) The term "genitourinary" specifically means "of or relating to the genital and urinary organs

Answer 198

the process of gestation, which is the period of development of the fetus within the uterus, from conception to birth. It specifically relates to pregnancy and the development of a baby in the womb

Answer 199

**huge** Example: Gigantic

Answer 200

**gums** Example: Gingivitis

Answer 201

**gray, bluish green** Example: Glaucoma (gray film over eyes)

Answer 202

**glomerulus** (a small ball of capillaries in the kidney that filters waste products from the blood)

Answer 203

**tongue** Example: Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue)

Answer 204

**jaw** (It specifically relates to the bony structure that holds the teeth in place)

Answer 205

**knowledge** Example: Agnosia (lack of ability to perceive sensory input)

Answer 206

**genitals** Example: Gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted infection that affects the reproductive organs)

Answer 207

**angle** Example: Goniometry (refers to the measurement of joint angles, often used in physical therapy or sports medicine to assess range of motion)

Answer 208

**record, image** Example: Mammogram (an X-ray image of the breast)

Answer 209

**instrument for recording** Example: Electrocardiograph (ECG) (an instrument that records the electrical activity of the heart)

Answer 210

**process of recording** Example: Angiography (the process of taking X-ray images of blood vessel)

Answer 211

**pregnant woman**

Answer 212

the total number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of the outcome of the pregnancy

Answer 213

**woman, female** Example: Gynecology

Answer 214

**circle, spiral** Example: Gyrocardiography (analyzes heart contractions in a circular way)

Answer 215

**simple, single** Example: haploid (cell has a single set of chromosomes)

Answer 216

**ulcer** It's a term used to describe a localized break or loss of skin or tissue, often occurring due to pressure, friction, or infection.

Answer 217

**sun** Example: Heliotherapy (the use of sunlight for medical treatment)

Answer 218

**half** Example: Hemishere Think: Earth

Answer 219

**blood** Example: Hematology

Answer 220

**liver** Example: Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)

Answer 221

**heredity**

Answer 222

**different, other** Example: Heterosexuality (sexual or romantic attraction between individuals of different genders)

Answer 223

**sweat** Example: Hidrosis (excessive sweating)

Answer 224

**hairy** Example: Hirsutism is a disorder in women in which there is an overgrowth of black or coarse hair on their bodies in a pattern similar to that of men

Answer 225

**tissue** Example: Histology (study of tissue)

Answer 226

**entire, complete**

Answer 227

**likeness, constant, sameness** Example: Homeostasis (refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, combining "homeo-" (similar) with "stasis" (stable). Examples include the regulation of body temperature and blood glucose levels)

Answer 228

**same, similar** Example: Homograft (a tissue or organ transplant from the same donor to the recipient)

Answer 229

**hormone**

Answer 230

**humerus** Example: Humerus bone (bone in the upper arm)

Answer 231

**resembling glass, glassy** Example: Hyaluronic acid (a substance found in connective tissues, joints, and the vitreous humor, and is also used in cosmetic procedures)

Answer 232

**water, hydrogen** Example: Hydration (the process of taking in fluids)

Answer 233

**hymen** (a thin membrane that partially or completely covers the vaginal opening in some women)

Answer 234

**above, excessive, beyond** Example: hyperactive (kids)

Answer 235

**sleep** Example: Hypnotize

Answer 236

**under, deficient, below** Example: hypotension (low blood sugar)

Answer 237

**hypothalamus** (a small but vital brain region located below the thalamus. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by linking the nervous system to the endocrine system through the pituitary gland)

Answer 238

**high** Example: hypsibrachycephalic (means having a broad and high skull)

Answer 239

**uterus** Example: Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)

Answer 240

**treatment, physician** Example: Pediatrics

Answer 241

**pathological state** Example: Psoriasis (pathological skin disease)

Answer 242

**connotes an adjective** The term “anesthetic” means referring to, or pertaining to, anesthesia. The term “epileptic” refers to epilepsy

Answer 243

**specialist**

Answer 244

**jaundice** (It refers to a yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood)

Answer 245

**idea, mental images** (indicates something related to ideas, mental images, or form)

Answer 246

**individual, distinct, unknown** Example: Idiopathic epilepsy (refers to epilepsy that has an unknown cause)

Answer 247

**ileum** (refers to the ileum, a part of the small intestine)

Answer 248

**ilium** Example: Ilioinguinal nerve (a nerve that supplies the skin and muscles of the groin area)

Answer 249

**protection, immune**

Answer 250

**below, beneath** Example: Infrared (radiation below the red light spectrum)

Answer 251

**groin** Example: Inguinoinguinal hernia (a hernia located in the groin area)

Answer 252

**between** Example: Intervertebral (between vertebrae (spinal bones))

Answer 253

**within** Example: Intravenous (IV) (within a vein)

Answer 254

**iodine** (a nonmetallic element essential for the production of thyroid hormones. It's often used in medical terms related to thyroid function or as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent)

Answer 255

**wandering or traveling** (often used to describe processes or conditions that involve movement or displacement. For example, it can be used in conjunction with other terms to describe the movement of cells or fluids in the body)

Answer 256

**same** It's used to describe things that are located or occur on the same side of the body. For example, "ipsilateral" means "on the same side"

Answer 257

**iris** Example: Iritis (inflammation of the iris)

Answer 258

**suppress, restrain** It's commonly used in terms related to the circulatory system, particularly to describe a condition of reduced blood supply to an organ or part of the body. One example is ischemia, which refers to a blood condition where blood flow is restricted or blocked

Answer 259

**ischium** (a bone in the pelvis) Example: Ischiorectal (relating to the ischium and the rectum)

Answer 260

**specialist**

Answer 261

**erect, straight** Example: Ithyphallia (this term refers to the condition of having an erect penis)

Answer 262

**Denotes some type of condition** Example: Embolism (the plugging of an artery or vein) Hypnotism (condition of artificially-caused sleep)

Answer 263

**a doer or agent of an action** A “hypnotist” is the agent who causes “hypnosis” in an individual. The anesthetist” delivers anesthesia

Answer 264

**a disease state or inflammation** It forms multiple inflammatory words like “arthritis,” “bursitis,” and “conjunctivitis.”

Answer 265

**treatment using a special instrument or drug** One word used with this suffix is “hypnotize,” which means to put to sleep or into a hypnotic state

Answer 266

**jejunum** (the middle section of the small intestine)

Answer 267

**near** Example: Juxtaposition (the act of placing two things side by side)

Answer 268

**potassium** Example: hyperkalemia (indicates high potassium levels) hypokalemia (indicates low potassium levels)

Answer 269

**nucleus** Example: karyocyte (a cell containing a nucleus, and karyogamy refers to the union of cell nuclei)

Answer 270

**tumor, fibrous growth**

Answer 271

**hard** Example: Keratin (protein that hardens the skin tissue)

Answer 272

**lightning** Example: Keraunoparalysis (temporary paralysis following a lightning strike)

Answer 273

**movement** Example: Kinesiology (the study of movement and human motion)

Answer 274

**theft, stealing** Example: kleptomania

Answer 275

**hollow, concave, depressed** Example: Koilonychia (a condition where fingernails are abnormally thin and concave)

Answer 276

**roughness or roughness of the skin** (It is used to describe conditions like keratosis, which involves a roughened, scaly patch or bump on the skin)

Answer 277

**waves** It is a combining form used to build medical terms related to waves or oscillations, often in the context of ultrasound or other imaging techniques

Answer 278

**humpback** typically in reference to the spine

Answer 279

**tear, lacrimal duct** Example: lacrimal gland (refers to the gland that produces tears)

Answer 280

**milk** Example: Lactation (breastfeeding)

Answer 281

**abdomen, abdominal wall** Example: Laparotomy (a surgical procedure in which the abdomen is entered)

Answer 282

**larynx** Example: Laryngitis (inflammation of the throat or larynx)

Answer 283

**side** Example: lateroflexion (bending or curvature to one side)

Answer 284

to slacken, relax, loosen Example: Laxative Think: (you really need to think of this??)

Answer 285

**smooth** For example, "leiomyoma" refers to a benign tumor of smooth muscle, and "leiomyosarcoma" is a cancerous smooth muscle tumor. The term "lei" comes from the Greek word "leios," meaning "smooth".

Answer 286

**flakes, scales** The term refers to the appearance of skin or other structures as being covered in scales, like fish scales or dry, cracked skin.

Answer 287

**seizure** Example: Narcolepsy

Answer 288

**slender, thin, delicate** Example: Leptocyte (an abnormally thin red blood cell)

Answer 289

**drowsiness** Example: Lethargic

Answer 290

**white** Example: Leukocyte (white blood cells)

Answer 291

**left** Example: Levocardia (left heart)

Answer 292

** reading of (such) a kind or with (such) an impairment** Example: dyslexia

Answer 293

refers to the spleen. It's an alternative term for spleen and is sometimes used in medical words, though "spleno/o" is more common

Answer 294

**ligament** A tough, fibrous band of tissue that connects bones together, providing stability and support

Answer 295

referring to lymph or lymphatic tissue. It's used to build words related to the lymphatic system, which plays a key role in the body's immune system.

Answer 296

**tongue** Example: Sublingual (located under the tongue)

Answer 297

**fat** Example: liposuction literally means “fat suction,” and the procedure indeed involves making an incision into the skin and sucking out fat

Answer 298

**stone, calculus** Example: Nephrolithiasis (formation of stones in the kidneys)

Answer 299

refers to a lobe of an organ. A lobe is a distinct, rounded part of an organ, such as the lungs, brain, or liver

Answer 300

**whites of the eyes**

Answer 301

word, speech, thought

Answer 302

**study of** Histology is a study of the tissues of the body under the microscope (makes use of the suffix -ology or -logy, which means the study of)

Answer 303

**ridge** "lophophore" (a tufted feeding structure) and "lophodont" (having molar teeth with transverse ridges).

Answer 304

**curvature, bending** It's used to describe conditions related to abnormal spinal curvature, particularly an increased inward curve, known as lordosis.

Answer 305

**clear** (a return to or a temporary period of mental clarity after a period of confusion or impairment)

Answer 306

refers to the loin or lumbar region of the spine

Answer 307

**light** "luminescence" is formed using "lumin/o" and "-escence" (a suffix indicating the state of being), referring to the emission of light.

Answer 308

**yellow** It's often used in terms related to the corpus luteum, a yellow glandular mass on the ovary formed after ovulation.

Answer 309

**dislocate** It specifically indicates the displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint. A complete dislocation is a luxation, while a partial dislocation is a subluxation

Answer 310

**dissolve, loosen** Lympholysis: Destruction of lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Answer 311

**lymph** Referring to the lymph glands and lymph tissue

Answer 312

**dissolution, breakdown** Example: Thrombolysis (the breakdown of blood clots)

Answer 313

**softening** Example: Chondromalacia (softening of cartilage)

Answer 314

**breast** Example: Mammogram

Answer 315

**madness, obsessive, preoccupation** Mania is a common symptom of bipolar disorder, a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings between mania and depression. It can also occur in other conditions, such as schizoaffective disorder and substance use disorders

Answer 316

**chewing** Example: Mastication (this is the technical term for the mechanical process of chewing food in the mouth)

Answer 317

**breast** Example: Mastitis (infection of the breast)

Answer 318

**maxilla** Maxillotomy (a surgical procedure to cut into the maxilla)

Answer 319

**middle** Example: Mediastinum (a central compartment in the chest cavity that contains various organs and structures)

Answer 320

**medulla, marrow** The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It plays a crucial role in controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

Answer 321

**large** Example: Megalodon

Answer 322

**enlargement** Example: Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)

Answer 323

**black** Example: Melanoma (black death)

Answer 324

**menses, menstruation** Example: Menarche (the beginning of menstruation) Menopause (the cessation of menstruation) Menorrhagia (excessive bleeding during menstruation)

Answer 325

**meninges** Example: Meningitis

Answer 326

**mind** Example: Mentogenesis (the development of the mind)

Answer 327

**part** Example: Merozoite (to a small, individual cell produced by a protozoan parasite during asexual reproduction)

Answer 328

**middle** Example: Mesoderm (the middle layer of the three primary germ layers in an embryo)

Answer 329

**after, beyond, change** Example: Metamorphosis (change in form of something)

Answer 330

**metal** Example: Metallurgy refers to the science and technology of metals, and metalloprotein is a protein containing metal ions.

Answer 331

**instrument for measuring** Example: Glucometer (an instrument for measuring glucose levels in the blood)

Answer 332

**uterus** Example: Endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus)

Answer 333

**process of measuring** Example: Optometry (measurement of eyesight)

Answer 334

**less, smaller**

Answer 335

**imitation, simulation** (the simulation or imitation of one disease by another, or the simulation of organic disease by functional illnesses)

Answer 336

**memory** Example: Amnesia (loss of memory)

Answer 337

**difficult** Example: Mogelalia (difficulty or hesitancy in speaking) Mogi-phonia (difficulty in speaking)

Answer 338

**one** Example: Monopnea (breathing with only one lung)

Answer 339

**shape, form** Morphosis: A change in shape or form

Answer 340

**death** Rigor mortis: Stiffness of the body after death

Answer 341

**movement, motion** Example: Motor Function (which describes the ability to move muscles)

Answer 342

**mucus** gross

Answer 343

**muscle**

Answer 344

**to maim, disfigure** Example: Mutilation

Answer 345

**muscle** Example: Myopathy (disease of the muscle tissue)

Answer 346

**fungus** Mycosis: A fungal infection

Answer 347

**spinal cord** Example: Myelogram (x-ray study of the spinal cord)

Answer 348

**eardrum** Example: Myringotomy (surgical procedure involving the use of a surgical instrument to pierce the eardrum)

Answer 349

**mucus** Myxoid: Resembling mucus

Answer 350

**numbness, stupor** Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep

Answer 351

**nose** Example: Nasal passage

Answer 352

**birth** Natal (pertaining to birth) Prenatal (refers to events occurring before birth)

Answer 353

**sodium** Sodium is an important electrolyte in the body, playing a crucial role in regulating fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.

Answer 354

**death** Example: Necrosis (a disease of a cell)

Answer 355

**new** Example: Neonatal (Babies!)

Answer 356

**kidney** Example: Nephrology (the study of the kidneys)

Answer 357

**nerve** Example: Neuropathy (disease of the nerves)

Answer 358

**mole, birthmark** More specifically, it refers to a nevus, which is a benign growth on the skin, often a dark, raised spot, formed by a cluster of melanocytes (cells that produce melanin).

Answer 359

**to cause harm, injury or pain** Nociceptive pain: Pain caused by tissue damage or inflammation.

Answer 360

**night** Example: Nocturia (a condition where a person frequently needs to urinate during the night)

Answer 361

**knot** Example: Nodule (a small, localized swelling or growth, potentially benign or malignant (cancerous))

Answer 362

**mind, will** Example: Paranoia (a mental condition characterized by irrational suspicion or mistrust, often involving the belief that others are trying to harm one)

Answer 363

**name, naming** Example: Nomenclature (which refers to the system of naming things, including diseases and medical procedures)

Answer 364

**normal, usual** HAHAHAHAHAHA

Answer 365

***disease** Example: Nosology (the study of diseases)

Answer 366

**nucleus** (a membrane-bound organelle within a cell that contains the genetic materia)

Answer 367

**none** Example: Nulligravida (a woman who has never been pregnant) That's me!

Answer 368

**nourish** Example: Nutrition

Answer 369

**night** Example: Nyctophobia (fear of the night or darkness)

Answer 370

**eye** Example: Occular

Answer 371

**tooth** Example: Odontalgia (pain in the teeth)

Answer 372

**resembling** Example: Humanoid (resembling a human)

Answer 373

**little, small** Example: Arteriole (a small artery)

Answer 374

**oil** (It's often used in terms related to fats, oils, or substances with oily characteristics)

Answer 375

**smell** Example: Olfaction (the process of smelling)

Answer 376

**few, little** Example: Oligospermia (no kids for me!)

Answer 377

**tumor, mass** Example: Carcinoma (cancerous tumor)

Answer 378

**shoulder** Example: Omomyalitis (inflammation of the muscles of the shoulder)

Answer 379

**all** Example: Omnivore (since they eat everything)

Answer 380

**navel** Example: “navel”, -ectomy is a suffix that refers to “surgical removal”. Definition: An omphalectomy is the surgical removal of the navel.

Answer 381

**tumor, mass** Example: Oncology (refers to the study and treatment of tumors)

Answer 382

**nail** Example: Onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail)

Answer 383

**ovary** Example: Oophoritis (inflammation of an ovary)

Answer 384

**eyebrow**

Answer 385

**eye** Example: Ophthalmology (the branch of medicine dealing with the eye)

Answer 386

**vision** Example: Diplopia (double vision)

Answer 387

**backward, behind**

Answer 388

**seeing, vision, eye** Example: Opthalmology (the study of the eye)

Answer 389

**to view** Example: Biopsy (examination of a tissue sample removed from a living body to diagnose disease)

Answer 390

**eye, vision** Example: Optometry (the branch of medicine that deals with the examination and correction of refractive errors of the eye)

Answer 391

**mouth** Example: Oral

Answer 392

**testis** Example: Orchitis (inflammation or infection of the testes)

Answer 393

**appetite** Example: Anorexia (a lack of appetite or aversion to food, often associated with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa)

Answer 394

**straight, normal, correct** Example: Orthopedics (the medical specialty that deals with the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles)

Answer 395

**scrotum** The scrotum is the skin pouch that encloses and serves to keep protected the testicles.

Answer 396

**wave, oscillation** Example: Oscillation (a swinging, pendulum-like movement or a vibration)

Answer 397

any production or increase in something. It can be used interchangeably with “iasis.” “Tuberculosis” means an invasion of the tubercle bacillus.

Answer 398

**sense of smell, odor, impulse** Specifically the process of osmosis which involves the movement of fluids across a membrane. The root word "osm-" (meaning "smell") is used to form terms related to smell, like osmia (sense of smell).

Answer 399

**sense of smell, odor** Example: Osphresiometer (is an instrument used to measure the sense of smell)

Answer 400

**bone** Example: Osteoprosis (a bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, making bones weak and more prone to fractures)

Answer 401

**ear** Example: Otalgia (pain in the ear)

Answer 402

**oxygen/ sharp, quick, sour** Example: Oxygen (the most straightforward example, the word itself denotes the vital gas) Oxytone (word or phrase that has an acute accent on the last syllable. In this case, "oxy-" refers to the sharpness or acuteness of the accent, not oxygen) **Context is key: The exact meaning of "oxy-" can vary depending on the specific medical term it's part of. You always need to consider the surrounding root and suffix to understand the complete meaning.**

Answer 403

**thick** Example: Pachyderma (thickening of the skin)

Answer 404

**conjoined twins** Example: Thoracopagus indicates twins joined at the thorax, and Craniopagus indicates twins joined at the cranium. The suffix "-pagus" itself is derived from the Greek word "pagos," meaning "fixed" or "set," reflecting the twins' joined state

Answer 405

**palate, the roof of the mouth** Example: Palatography is a procedure to examine the palate, and palatoplasy is a surgical procedure to repair the palate.

Answer 406

**gray, pale** Example: Paleocytosis, the prefix "paleo" indicates the condition where the cells are pale.

Answer 407

**recurrence, repetition** Example: Palinophobia (refers to a fear of repeating words or syllables)

Answer 408

**soothe, relieve** It's a combining form used to build words related to palliative care, which focuses on relieving pain and suffering without necessarily curing the underlying disease. For example, "palliative care" is a term that uses this combining form.

Answer 409

**to touch gently** Example: Palpitation (the feeling of a rapid, irregular, or strong heartbeat. The term "palpation" specifically refers to a medical exam where a healthcare provider uses their hands to feel a body part)

Answer 410

**eyelid** Example: Blepharoplasty (surgical procedure to repair or improve the eyelids)

Answer 411

**flutter, throbbing** Example: Palpitations (the sensation of feeling the heart beating more strongly or irregularly than usual, sometimes described as racing, pounding, or fluttering)

Answer 412

**pancreas** Example: Pancreatitis (inflammation or infection of the pancreas)

Answer 413

**all, everywhere** Example: Pancytopenia (a deficiency of all types of blood cells)

Answer 414

**nipple-like** Example: Papilla (a small, nipple-shaped projection on the surface of an organ or body part)

Answer 415

**papule (pimple)** Papules can vary in color, ranging from pale to yellow, red, brown, or black. They are often seen in various skin conditions like prickly heat, psoriasis, xanthomatosis, eczema, and skin cancers.

Answer 416

**alongside, near, beyond, abnormal** Example: Paranoia (abnormal in mind)

Answer 417

**parasite** (an organism that lives on or in another organism, deriving its nourishment from that host without benefiting or even harming it)

Answer 418

**parathyroid gland** Example: Hyperparathyroidism (a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much PTH, leading to high calcium levels in the blood)

Answer 419

**childbirth, labor** Example: Postpartum (the period after childbirth, typically lasting around 6 weeks)

Answer 420

**kneecap** Example: Patellar tendinitis (is inflammation of the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the lower leg)

Answer 421

**chest** Example: Pectoral muscle

Answer 422

**foot** Example: Pedometer (tool that measures a person's steps)

Answer 423

**lice or infestation with lice** Example: Pediculosis (an infestation with lice)

Answer 424

**pelvis** (including the pelvic bones and the space within them)

Answer 425

**deficiency, lack of** Example: Leukopenia (deficiency in white blood cells)

Answer 426

**five** Example: Pentagram

Answer 427

**digestion** Example: Dyspepsia (indigestion)

Answer 428

**through, by way of** Example: Percutaneous (through the skin)

Answer 429

**to tap** (to tap on the body, typically with the fingers or a small instrument, to assess underlying structures and tissues. This technique, called percussion, is used to evaluate the size, consistency, and boundaries of organs, as well as the presence or absence of fluid)

Answer 430

**around, surrounding** Example: Pericardium (covering around the heart)

Answer 431

**perineum** (a medical prefix that refers to the perineum, the area of skin and muscle between the anus and the external genitalia in both males and females)

Answer 432

**peritoneum** (is the thin, serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs) Example: Peritoneoscopy (a surgical procedure to examine the peritoneum using a small camera)

Answer 433

**through, around** It can indicate "through" (as in percutaneous - a medical procedure performed through the skin) or "around" (as in perineurium- a layer of connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system)

Answer 434

**fibula** It's the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, located on the outside of the shin. The fibula helps give the calf its structure and forms the top of the ankle.

Answer 435

**sweat** Example: Perspiration (the fluid (sweat) itself that is produced by the sweat glands)

Answer 436

**plague, pests** Can refer to an organism that causes harm or is a nuisance, particularly those that spread disease or damage. It can also refer to a deadly epidemic disease, especially plague. Additionally, "pest" can be used within the PEST model, a four-step approach to therapeutic reasoning for infectious diseases.

Answer 437

**eating, ingestion** Example: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Answer 438

**lens** Example: Phakolymphedema (swelling of the lens due to fluid accumulation)

Answer 439

**phalanges** bones of the fingers and toes Example: Phalangeal fracture (a broken bone in a finger or toe)

Answer 440

**visible, apparent** This term is often used in the context of anatomy, specifically relating to structures that are readily apparent or easily seen.

Answer 441

**drugs** Example: Pharmacy

Answer 442

**speech** Example: Dysphasia (difficulty with speech)

Answer 443

**to show** Example: Phenotype (the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction between its genotype and the environment)

Answer 444

**removal** Example: Plasmapheresis. This is a method of removing blood plasma from the body by withdrawing blood, separating it into plasma and cells, and transfusing the cells back into the bloodstream. It is performed to remove antibodies in treating autoimmune conditions. The term relies on the suffix “apheresis”, which means “remove”.

Answer 445

**gray** Example: Poliomyelitis (virus that attacks the gray matter causing paralysis)

Answer 446

**x-ray, radiation** Example: Radiology (the medical specialty that deals with imaging techniques using radiation)

Answer 447

**nerve root** Example: Radiculopathy (any disease or disorder affecting the nerve roots)

Answer 448

**again** Example: repeat

Answer 449

**receiver** (a specialized protein molecule on or inside a cell that binds to specific substances, called ligands, and triggers a cellular response)

Answer 450

**rectum**

Answer 451

**to slide back** Example: Relapse

Answer 452

**kidney** Example: Renal (kidneys)

Answer 453

**breathe, breathing** Example: Respiratory System (the organs and tissues involved in breathing, like the lungs, airways, and diaphragm)

Answer 454

**revive** Example: Resuscitation (refers to the act of restoring someone to consciousness and life, typically after a cardiac or respiratory arrest)

Answer 455

**netlike** This term is often used to describe structures in the body that have a network-like organization, such as reticular dermis or the reticulum of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 456

**retina** Example: Rentin-A (med for the eyes)

Answer 457

**drawing back** Retraction of a tooth (a process in dentistry where teeth are moved back using braces or other orthodontic appliances)

Answer 458

**behind, backward** Example: Retroactive (effective or occurring after a specified time)

Answer 459

**striated/skeletal muscle** Example: rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and rhabdomyoma (a benign tumor of skeletal muscle

Answer 460

**flow, current, stream** Example: Rheology (the study of the flow of fluids and deformable materials)

Answer 461

**nose** Example: Rhinoplasty (surgical reconstruction of the nose)

Answer 462

**red, rosy** Example: Rhodopsin (a red protein in the retina) uses the "rhod-" root to indicate its reddish color. Other examples include Rhodolite (a red mineral) and Rhodobacteriaceae (a family of bacteria).

Answer 463

**wrinkle** Example: Rhytidoplasty (surgical procedure to remove wrinkles)

Answer 464

**turn, revolve** It's used to form words related to the movement of a body part around an axis. For example, a word using rotat/o might describe the rotation of a joint or the movement of a surgical tool.

Answer 465

**excessive flow, profuse, fluid discharge** Example: Hemorrhage (bleeding from a wound or ruptured blood vessel)

Answer 466

**suture** Example: Herniorrhaphy (surgical repair of a hernia using sutures)

Answer 467

**flow, discharge** Example: Diarrhea (excessive flow of watery stools)

Answer 468

**rupture** Example: Hysterorrhexis (means rupture of the uterus), and Splenorrhexis (means rupture of the spleen)

Answer 469

**rhythm** Dance Dance Dance

Answer 470

**red** Example: Rubric (which can refer to something red or areas marked by red coloration), or in the term Rubella (a viral infection that can cause a red rash)

Answer 471

**sugar** Examples: Saccharin (a sugar substitute), Saccharometer (a device to measure sugar concentration), andSaccharomyces (a type of yeast used in baking and brewing).

Answer 472

**sacrum** Example: Sacroiliac joint: The joint connecting the sacrum to the ilium (pelvis)

Answer 473

**fallopian tube** Example: Salpingitis (infection of the fallopian tubes)

Answer 474

**blood** Example: Sanguine (having a ruddy complexion) or Sanguinary (bloody)

Answer 475

**health, sanitation** Example: sanitary conditions (refers to conditions related to keeping things clean and hygienic)

Answer 476

**rotten, decay** Example: Sapremia (would refer to a condition involving putrid or rotten substances in the blood)

Answer 477

**flesh** Example: Sarcoma (a type of cancerous tumor that arises from connective tissues like muscle or bone)

Answer 478

**scaphoid bone** The scaphoid is a carpal bone located in the wrist, specifically on the thumb side. It is shaped like a boat and is important for wrist movement.

Answer 479

**scapula, commonly known as the shoulder blade** Example: Scapular fracture (a broken shoulder blade)

Answer 480

**feces** I'm not explaining this

Answer 481

**white outer layer of the eyeball** Example: The Sclera (a fibrous, opaque connective tissue layer that covers the posterior five-sixths of the eye, providing protection and maintaining its shape)

Answer 482

**split, cleft** Example: Retinoschisis (separation of the layers of the retina, causing a split in the vision)

Answer 483

**split, division** Example: Schizophrenia (combines schiz/o (split) with "-phrenia" (mind), referring to a fragmented or split mind, not a split personality)

Answer 484

**spark** Example: Scintigraphy This is a medical imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to create images of organs and tissues. The emitted light from the tracers is detected, and the image is formed based on the intensity of the light.

Answer 485

**hard** Example: scirrhous tumor (describes a type of cancer that is characterized by a hard, fibrous tissue)

Answer 486

**hard, hardening or sclera** Examples: Sclerodactyly (localized thickening and tightness of skin, often in fingers), scleroderma (disease of connective tissue with skin hardening), and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) are examples of terms using scler/o

Answer 487

**hardening** Example: Multiple sclerosis (hardening of the protective sheath around nerves)

Answer 488

**worm** Example: Scolecitis (refers to an inflammation of the intestines caused by worms)

Answer 489

**crooked, twisted** Example: Scoliosis (a condition where the spine has an abnormal curve)

Answer 490

**instrument for visual examination** Examples: Endoscopy (examination of the internal organs using an endoscope) and Colonoscopy (examination of the colon using a colonoscope)

Answer 491

**visual examination** Indicates a procedure involving visual examination using a specialized instrument. It is commonly used in medical terms to describe diagnostic tests and procedures

Answer 492

**darkness** Example: Scotoma (refers to a blind spot in the visual field, meaning a localized area of darkness or reduced vision)

Answer 493

**to write** Example: Prescription (referring to a written document of medical instructions)

Answer 494

**sebum, sebaceous gland** Sebaceous glands are small glands in the skin that produce sebum, an oily substance that helps to moisturize and protect the skin.

Answer 495

**to cut** Example: Dissect (to cut apart or separate)

Answer 496

**second** It's used to indicate the presence of a second thing or the second in a sequence. For example, "secundus" is the Latin word for "second." Therefore, in a medical context, you might see it used to describe a second occurrence or a second in a series of events or objects.

Answer 497

**to calm** Example: Sedation

Answer 498

**half** Example: Semiconscious (partially conscious)

Answer 499

**old, old age** Example: senile (a common adjective formed from the root, meaning "belonging to old age" or "characteristic of old age")

Answer 500

**feeling, perception** Example: Sensatometry (the measurement of sensations)

Answer 501

**sensory** Generally refers to a device that detects and responds to a physical stimulus, such as heat, light, or pressure, and transmits a signal for measurement or control. It can also refer to a sense organ or the totality of sensory perception in the brain.

Answer 502

**infection, putrefaction** Example: Sepsis (a life-threatening condition where the body's response to an infection damages its own tissues and organs. It can lead to organ failure, septic shock (a severe drop in blood pressure), and even death)

Answer 503

**the septum** (a dividing wall or membrane in the body. It is commonly used in the context of the respiratory system to describe the nasal septum, which separates the nasal cavity into two halves)

Answer 504

**serum** (the clear, watery part of blood. It's used in creating compound words, like "serology," which is the study of serum and the reactions of antibodies and antigens)

Answer 505

**saliva, salivary gland** Example: Sialadenitis (inflammation of a salivary gland)

Answer 506

**to dry** (It's often used to describe conditions or processes related to the removal of moisture or drying out)

Answer 507

**iron** Example: Siderosis (a condition where iron deposits accumulate in tissues, often in the lungs)

Answer 508

**sigmoid colon** (the portion of the large intestine before the rectum. The sigmoid colon is shaped like the letter "S", hence the name "sigmoid", derived from the Greek letter sigma)

Answer 509

**silicon or it's compounds** Example: Silicosis (a lung disease caused by silica dust inhalation)

Answer 510

**left** Think: it used to be sinister to be left handed

Answer 511

**sinuses** Example: sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses)

Answer 512

**foot** Example: sitotherapy (a method of using heated or medicated baths to treat certain conditions, particularly those involving the lower body)

Answer 513

**skeleton** Spooky Spooky Halloween

Answer 514

**social, society** Example: Sociopath (a mental disorder characterized by extreme antisocial behavior)

Answer 515

**compound containing sodium** Example: sodiferous (containing or secreting sodium)

Answer 516

**dissolved** Example: Solution (refers to a liquid in which a substance has been dissolved)

Answer 517

**body** Example: Somatic (anything related to the body)

Answer 518

**body** Example: Somatropin (human growth hormone, with "somat" referring to the body and "tropin" indicating something that stimulates or influences)

Answer 519

**sleep** Example: insomnia (in-som-nia) means difficulty in sleeping, while hypersomnia (hyp-er-som-nia) means excessive sleepiness

Answer 520

**sound** Sonography: A procedure that uses sound waves to create images of internal organs.

Answer 521

**involuntary contraction**

Answer 522

**image, spectrum** Example: Spectral imaging (a technique that uses energy-resolved X-ray imaging to analyze tissue and materials)

Answer 523

Refers to the sphenoid bone, which is a wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull, behind the eyes. The sphenoid bone contributes to the formation of the eye socket and also contains sinuses.

Answer 524

**round, sphere** Example: Spherocytosis (a blood disorder where red blood cells are abnormally round)

Answer 525

**pulse** Example: Sphygmography (a procedure that records the pulse wave)

Answer 526

**breathe** Example: Spirometer (a device used to measure lung function by recording the volume and speed of breaths)

Answer 527

Refers to the viscera, which are the internal organs, particularly those within the abdominal cavity. Specifically, it pertains to the abdominal organs like the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The term "splanchnic" is also derived from this, meaning "of or relating to the viscera".

Answer 528

**vertebrae, spinal column** Example: Spondylolisthesis (disorder involving slippage of the vertebrae)

Answer 529

**spongelike, spongy** Example: Surgical sponges are absorbent pads, often made of gauze or cotton, used in surgery to absorb fluids and blood.

Answer 530

**spore, seed** Meaning a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism under favorable conditions. It is a root word used to build terms related to spores or spore-forming organisms.

Answer 531

**stable, fixed** Specifically in a patient's context, "stable" can mean their vital signs are steady and not fluctuating significantly.

Answer 532

**contraction** Example: Peristalsis (wave-like contractions that propel food or other substances through tubular organs, such as the digestive tract)

Answer 533

**stapes** (a small bone in the middle ear) Example: Stapedotomy (is a surgical procedure to remove the stapes, while Stapeditis is an inflammation of the stapes)

Answer 534

**uvula, grape-like clusters** This combining form indicates a resemblance to a bunch of grapes or the uvula, a fleshy part of the soft palate.

Answer 535

**standing still, standing** Example: Hemostasis (stopping of blood flow)

Answer 536

**fat** Example: Steatohepatitis (inflammation of the liver due to fat accumulation)

Answer 537

**narrowing** Example: Stenosis (referring to a narrowing of a body part or area)

Answer 538

**solid, three-dimensional** This is often used when referring to procedures that involve precise positioning in three-dimensional space, like stereotactic surgery. For example, stereotactic biopsies, surgery, or radiation therapy can be performed stereotactically, meaning with precise location in three dimensions.

Answer 539

**barren** Specifically relating to sterility or the absence of living organisms (germs or bacteria). It's used to describe a state of infertility or a process that eliminates microorganisms

Answer 540

**sternum or breastbone** Example: Surgeons perform a sternotomy when they open the chest to do heart surgery

Answer 541

**chest** Example: Stethoscope (a medical instrument used to hear sounds within the chest and lungs, such as heart sounds and breath sounds)

Answer 542

**condition of stitch, seam, or line** It is used to describe conditions involving stitches or seams, often in a surgical context

Answer 543

**mark, point** It is used to describe a visible sign, spot, or lesion on the body. For example, a "stigmatoid" lesion might appear as a mark or spot.

Answer 544

**mouth** Example: stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) or stomatoplasty (surgical repair of the mouth)

Answer 545

**surgical opening** Example: Gastrostomy (an opening in the stomach)

Answer 546

**layer** Example: stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) or stratified squamous epithelium (a type of tissue with multiple layers)

Answer 547

**twisted, curved** It's often used to describe bacteria that form chains, like in the case of Streptococcus, which is a group of bacteria that cause various infections including strep throat.

Answer 548

**to tighten, bind** Example: stricture (a permanent narrowing) and stenosis (a temporary narrowing, often caused by swelling).

Answer 549

**supporting tissue of an organ** Example: Stroma is primarily made up of connective tissue, but also includes blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Answer 550

**twisted** Example: Strophodynia (which would refer to pain associated with a turning or twisting motion)

Answer 551

**under, beneath** Example: Subpar (below average)

Answer 552

**sweat** Example: Sudoriferous glands (glands that produce sweat)

Answer 553

**furrow, groove** It is used to describe anatomical structures like the sulcus, which is a furrow or channel found on the surface of various organs and tissues, such as the brain or the skin.

Answer 554

**on top of, resting on** Example: Superclavicular (above the clavicle)

Answer 555

**above but not touching, beyond** Example: Supranational (power that transcends nations boundaries).

Answer 556

1) the act of temporarily ceasing a vital process. 2) a suspension treatment, where a body part is immobilized with a hanging support. 3) a solid state where particles are mixed but not dissolved in a fluid. 4) the temporary halting of a clinical trial.

Answer 557

**with, together** Example: Symbiosis (two or more organisms living together)

Answer 558

**Point of contact, to join** Specifically, it refers to the synapse, which is the junction between two nerve cells where information is transmitted. The root is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," meaning "conjunction" or "joining together".

Answer 559

**ligament, connective tissue** It specifically relates to a joint where contiguous bone surfaces are connected by a ligament

Answer 560

**synovia, synovial membrane** the membrane lining the inner surface of the synovial joint capsule and produces synovial fluid. Synovial fluid is a lubricating fluid within joints, helping to reduce friction between bones.

Answer 561

**Syphilis** A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum

Answer 562

**Contraction phase of the heart muscle** It describes the period when the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart) pump blood out to the body.

Answer 563

**fast** Example: Tachycardia (fast heart rate)

Answer 564

Refers to the talus bone, which is also known as the ankle bone. It is a key bone in the foot and ankle that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula.

Answer 565

Refers to the ankle or tarsal bones. It can also relate to the edge of the eyelid. Specifically, it refers to the group of seven bones located at the hindfoot, forming the ankle.

Answer 566

**arrangement, coordination** It signifies how bodily structures work together in a systematic manner. Therefore, the correct selections include coordination, order, and arrangement.

Answer 567

**skill, art** It's used to describe something that requires expertise or technical proficiency.

Answer 568

**rooflike** It's typically used in terms related to the structure or function of structures that provide protection.

Answer 569

**end, distant** Example: Teloblast (a large cell, often found at the end of an embryo, that divides into smaller cells)

Answer 570

**the temples**

Answer 571

**stretched, strained** Examples: Muscular tension (the tightness or stiffness of muscles) Tension headache (a type of headache caused by muscle contraction)

Answer 572

**monstrous conditions, abnormal** Examples: Teratology (the study of birth defects) Teratogenic (capable of causing birth defects)

Answer 573

**the end, limit** Example: Terminations (the termination of a process, such as the termination of a pregnancy or a treatment) Terminus (a point or end, such as the terminus of a nerve or a vessel)

Answer 574

Generally refers to the third rank, level, or stage, or something related to advanced or specialized medical care. It can also describe a carbon atom attached to three other carbon atoms in a molecule. For example, "tertiary care" is a specialized level of medical care often requiring referrals, and "tertiary syphilis" is a stage of syphilis infection.

Answer 575

**testis** I'm not explaining what these are

Answer 576

**tetanus** (a serious infectious disease characterized by stiff muscles and spasms)

Answer 577

**four** Example: Tetralogy of Fallot (a congenital heart defect involving four structural abnormalities) Tetraplegia (paralysis of all four limbs)

Answer 578

**Thalamus** A large, egg-shaped mass of gray matter located in the center of the brain that acts as a relay center for sensory information

Answer 579

**death** Example: thanatology (the study of death and dying)

Answer 580

**sheath, case** Example: Thecoma (a tumor of the ovary that is made up of cells that resemble the sheath of a nerve fiber) Thecodont (a type of tooth that is set in a socket or sheath)

Answer 581

**nipple** Examples: Theloma (a small, nipple-like tumor) Thelitis (inflammation of the nipple)

Answer 582

**speculation** Example: Theory

Answer 583

**treatment** Example: Chemotherapy (uses drugs for treatment) Cryotherapy (uses cold for treatment)

Answer 584

**heat** Example: Hypothermia (abnormally low body temperature)

Answer 585

**touch** Example: Thigmoreceptor (refers to a receptor that responds to touch)

Answer 586

**presence of sulfur** Example: Thiocyanate (refers to a compound containing a sulfur atom and a cyanide group)

Answer 587

**chest, thorax** Example: Thorax (the thorax is the part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, also known as the chest)

Answer 588

**clot** Example: Thrombophlebitis (clot and inflammation inside a vein)

Answer 589

**mind, emotions** Examples: Dysthymia (achronic, mild form of depression) Cyclothymia (mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of hypomania and depression)

Answer 590

**thymus gland** Located in the superior and anterior part of the upper chest

Answer 591

**thyroid gland**

Answer 592

**tibia** Largest bone in the lower leg area

Answer 593

**childbirth, labor** Example: Tocolysis (to stop the labor or birthing process)

Answer 594

**instrument for cutting** Examples: Appendectomy (removal of the appendix) Colectomy (removal of the colon)

Answer 595

**cut, section, layer** Examples: Tomography (a technique used to create images of a body section by using X-rays or other imaging methods) Microtome (an instrument used to cut thin slices of tissue for microscopic examination)

Answer 596

**surgical incision** Examples: Appendectomy (removal of the appendix) Craniectomy (incision into the skull) Gastrectomy (removal of the stomach) Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)

Answer 597

**tone, tension** Example: Tonometer (an instrument used to measure intraocular pressure (tone of the eye)) Tonography (a test that measures changes in eye pressure over time)

Answer 598

**tonsils**

Answer 599

**sluggish, inactive** It can refer to a state of sleep or a reduced metabolic rate, similar to hibernation in animals. The term can also describe a mental state of apathy or sluggishness.

Answer 600

**poison**

Answer 601

**trachea** the windpipe that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (airways leading to the lungs). Examples: Tracheotomy (a surgical procedure to create an opening in the trachea for breathing) Tracheobronchial (relating to both the trachea and bronchi)

Answer 602

**trachea** (windpipe) Examples: Tracheostomy (surgically created opening into the trachea for breathing) Tracheotomy (surgical incision into the trachea)

Answer 603

**across** Examples: Transurethral (means through the urethra) Transabdominal (through the abdomen)

Answer 604

**trauma, injury, wound** Examples: Traumatology (the study of injuries and their treatment) Traumatopathy (a disease resulting from trauma) Traumatotherapy (the treatment of injuries)

Answer 605

**shaking, trembling** Example: tremulous could be used to describe a shaking voice or a trembling hand

Answer 606

**opening, perforation** Example: Proctotresia (perforation of the rectum) and Sphenotresia (perforation of the sphenoid bone).

Answer 607

**hair** Examples: Trichology (the study of hair and scalp) Trichotillomania (an impulse control disorder that causes compulsive hair pulling)

Answer 608

**to crush, break** Example: Lithotripsy (crushing kidney stones into smaller fragments that can be expelled in the urine) Cholelithotripsy (crushing gallstones into smaller pieces that can be passed through the bile duct)

Answer 609

**nourishment, growth** Examples: Trophoblast (the layer of cells that nourishes the developing embryo in the early stages of pregnancy) Trophic ulcer (a sore that develops on the skin or mucous membranes due to poor blood flow and inadequate nourishment)

Answer 610

indicates a condition where the eyes are misaligned

Answer 611

**tubercle** example: Tuberculosis (meaning "small swelling" or "protuberance". Therefore, tubercul/o relates to bumps, swellings, or nodules)

Answer 612

The quality or state of being swollen or engorged, particularly in relation to the erectile tissues. It commonly describes the normal vascular congestion and swelling of the erectile tissues during sexual arousal or excitation.

Answer 613

**cloudy, confused** In a medical context, turbid fluid can be observed in things like urine, or in some cases, to describe the appearance of a liquid in a lab sample.

Answer 614

**to swell, swollen** It refers to a state where tissues or structures are abnormally enlarged due to excess fluid or inflammation.

Answer 615

**eardrum** Examples: Tympanometry (a test measuring the middle ear's function) Tympanectomy (surgical removal of the eardrum).

Answer 616

**cecum** The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the beginning of the colon, where the small intestine connects.

Answer 617

**typhus, typhoid** Examples: Typhoid fever: is a serious bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, typically transmitted through contaminated food or water. Typhus: is another infectious disease, although it's caused by different bacteria and has different symptoms compared to typhoid fever.

Answer 618

**little, small** Examples: Venule: A small vein Nodule: A small knot or lump Granule: A small grain or particle

Answer 619

**scar, scarring** Example: ulcer (which is a lesion on the surface of an organ or tissue)

Answer 620

**beyond, excess** Example: Ultraviolet (radiation beyond the visible spectrum)

Answer 621

**not, without** Examples: Unconscious (not conscious) Uninfected (not infected) Unstable (not stable) Undiagnosed (not diagnosed)

Answer 622

**nail** Example: Onycho-mycosis (describes a fungal infection of the nails, where "onycho-" is a combining form related to nails (similar to "ungu") and "mycosis" indicates an infection)

Answer 623

**one** Example: Unilateral (affecting or occurring on one side)

Answer 624

**palate** (the roof of the mouth) It specifically indicates the hard and soft tissues forming the upper part of the mouth cavity.

Answer 625

**urination** Example: Enuresis (involuntary urination, such as bedwetting) Diuresis (increased production of urine) Anuresis (inability to urinate)

Answer 626

**ureter** (Connects the kidney to the bladder) Example: Ureteral obstruction (a blockage in the ureter that prevents urine from flowing properly)

Answer 627

**urethra** The tube that connect the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 628

**urine condition** Example: Polyuria (excessive urination)

Answer 629

**uric acid** It's used in terms related to the metabolic waste product uric acid, which is a normal component of urine but can cause health problems when it accumulates in the blood or forms crystals in joints or kidneys.

Answer 630

**urine** Example: Urinary tract (the system of organs that produce, store, and excrete urine, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra)

Answer 631

**uterus** (ya know, your baby holder)

Answer 632

**uvea** a layer of tissue in the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

Answer 633

**uvula** refers to the "uvula," the soft, fleshy tissue that dangles down from the soft palate at the back of the throat

Answer 634

**vaccine**

Answer 635

**vagina** I'm not explaining what this is

Answer 636

**heart valves** Examples: Valvulitis (inflammation of a valve) Valvuloplasty (surgical repair of a valve)

Answer 637

**varicose veins** twisted veins that are often found in the legs, but can also occur in other parts of the body. They are characterized by their visible, enlarged, and sometimes painful appearance. (you see these (blue) on the lower legs usually)

Answer 638

**change, vary** It's a combining form used to indicate a change in form, structure, or function, often implying abnormality or alteration.

Answer 639

**duct, vessel** Example: Vas Deferens (the tube leading out of the testes caring sperm)

Answer 640

**blood vessel** Example: Cardiovascular (refers to the heart and blood vessel system)

Answer 641

**to aerate, ventilation** Example: Ventilator (a medical device used to assist or control breathing, providing ventilation for patients who cannot breathe on their own)

Answer 642

**belly, front of the body** Examples: Ventrotomy (incision into the abdomen) Ventrodorsal (front to back), Ventrolateral (front and side)

Answer 643

**ventricle of the heart or brain** Example: Ventriculotomy (incision into a ventricle) Ventriculoatrial (relating to a ventricle and atrium) Ventriculitis (inflammation of a ventricle)

Answer 644

**venule** refers to a venule, which is a small vein or the smallest of the veins. Venules are structures that collect blood from capillaries and eventually merge to form larger veins.

Answer 645

**wart** A verruca is a small, raised growth on the skin, often caused by a virus (like HPV)

Answer 646

**turn, turning** used to describe actions or conditions involving a change in direction or position. For example, in the word "reverse," "vers" means "turned back"

Answer 647

**vertebra** (the spine) Example: Vertebrolasty (a surgical procedure to repair a fractured vertebra) Vertebrospinal (relating to both the vertebrae and the spinal cord)

Answer 648

**urinary bladder** Example: Vesicular (refers to the bladder)

Answer 649

seminal vesicles or the paired male accessory sex glands located below the bladder and above the prostate gland. These glands produce fluid that contributes significantly to the overall semen volume.

Answer 650

refers to the vestibule of the inner ear. The vestibule is a space within the inner ear that connects the cochlea and semicircular canals, playing a role in balance and equilibrium.

Answer 651

**to quiver, shake** Vibration

Answer 652

**masculine, manly** referring to traits or characteristics associated with males.

Answer 653

**internal organs** (specifically those within the abdominal cavity) Examples: Visceral pain (pain originating from the internal organs) Visceroptosis (the prolapse of an internal organ)

Answer 654

**sticky, glutinous** It specifically relates to the viscosity of fluids, meaning their resistance to flow or movement when forces are applied Example: Viscosimeter (a device to measure viscosity)

Answer 655

**life, vital** Examples: Vitalograph or Vitalometer (measuring vital signs or life functions)

Answer 656

A clear, gel-like fluid, composed of approximately 99% water with trace amounts of hyaluronic acid, proteins, salts, and glucose, located at the back of the eyeball. Along with maintaining the shape of the eye, the vitreous acts as the shock absorber, protecting the lens and retina.

Answer 657

**life, alive** Examples: Vital (this term refers to something essential for life, like vital signs or vital organs) Viability (this term refers to the capacity to live, grow, and develop normally)

Answer 658

**blood volume** Examples: Hypovolemia (indicates a decrease in blood volume) Hypervolemia (indicates an increase)

Answer 659

**to roll, to twist** Example: Volvulus (which refers to a twisting of the intestine)

Answer 660

**vulva** (the external female genitalia)

Answer 661

**yellow** Example: Xanthophyll (yellow pigment in plants)

Answer 662

**strange, foreign matter**

Answer 663

**dry** Example: Xeroderma (a genetic skin disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight and dry, scaly skin)

Answer 664

**sword-shaped, xiphoid** Specifically, it's related to the xiphoid process, the lower part of the sternum, which resembles a small sword.

Answer 665

**union, junction** It signifies the joining of two things, particularly in the context of reproductive biology. Examples: Zygote (the first diploid cell formed when a sperm and egg fuse) Zygomatic Bone (one of a pair of bones that form the cheekbone and contributes to the orbit of the eye)

Answer 666

**enzyme, ferment** It's often used to describe substances that catalyze biochemical reactions, like digestive enzymes.

Answer 667

**to swell, to become swollen** It refers to the condition of tissue becoming swollen or puffy, often due to fluid buildup or inflammation.

Terms Flashcards

(701 cards)