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TxPlan/MedComplex/SpecNeeds > MedComplex-Exam 3 Part 2 (NormoAnemia, ) > Flashcards

MedComplex-Exam 3 Part 2 (NormoAnemia, ) Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of anemia occurs because of METASTATIC tumor cells damaging or replacing bone marrow stem cells?

A

Myelo-Ph-This-tic Anemia

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Normocytic Anemias?

A

1.Acute Blood Loss 2.Myelophthistic Anemia 3.Aplastic Anemia

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3
Q

What are the 5 cancers that spread to the bone (in order) thus causing Myelo-ph-this-tic anemia? What is the final result of this type of anemia?

A

1.breast 2.Prostate3.lung4.kidney5.thyroid…FINAL result: PanCytoPenia

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4
Q

What is the main culprit of Aplastic anemia?

A

Benzene

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of Myelophthistic anemia?

A

Metastatic Cancer

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6
Q

Causes of DIC: What is the most common cause??

A

Gram Negative Sepsis

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7
Q

Causes of DIC: What are 7 possible causes for DIC?

A

1.Trauma 2.Gram-negative sepsis 3.Obstetric emergencies 4.cancer 5.hematapoetic disorder 6.surgery 7.burns

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8
Q

Yes, DIC and artificial heart valves can cause a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia…but what is the TERM for what the cells look like?

A

Schisto-cytes

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9
Q

What type of anemia (cell shape/structure) is an iron deficiency anemia?

A

Microcytic anemia

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10
Q

What type of anemia is the result of a mechanical RBC change with an artificial heart valve?

A

micro-angio-pathic - hemolytic anemia

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11
Q

What is the main cause of intravascular hemolysis?

A

Mismatched blood transfusion

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12
Q

What is the most common sign you look for in a blood draw for acute blood loss?

A

Reticulocyte count is elevated

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13
Q

What type of anemia has Tear Drop cells?

A

Myelophthistic anemia

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14
Q

What are the two possible causes of microangiopathic-hemolytic anemia?

A

1.artificial heart valve 2. DIC

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15
Q

Hemophilia A is a deficiency of:

A

Factor VIII…A=A-ight..EIGHT

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16
Q

Hemophilia B is a deficiency of ________ and is also known as ________ disease

A

Factor IX NINE….Christmas disease

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17
Q

What is the mode of transmission in Hemophilia?

A

X-linked recessive

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18
Q

What does Hemophilia A cause?? (5)

A

1.Bleeding 2.Hematoma 3.hemarthritis 4.Eccemosis 5.Purpura

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19
Q

Which is more severe Hemophilia A or B? What is more common?

A

Hemophilia A is MUCH MORE SEVERE than Hemophilia B…A is 10x more common

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20
Q

What are 3 common infections that Hemophiliacs are susceptible to?

A

Hep B, Hep C, HIV

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21
Q

***Hemophilia A is a lack of Clotting Factor ____ which is a part of the ______ clotting pathway, therefore you will need to be aware of the _____ test

A

VIII…..Intrinsic…PTT (partial thromboplastin time)(also, their bleeding time and PT will be normal!)

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22
Q

***Hemophilia B is a lack of Clotting Factor ____ which is a part of the ______ clotting pathway, therefore you will need to be aware of the ____ test.

A

IX….EXTRINSIC…PT

23
Q

What two places/cells secrete Von Willebrand Factor?

A

1.Endothelial cells 2.MegaKaryoCytes

24
Q

Which clotting factor does vonWillebrand factor bind to and protect?

A

Factor VIII

25
Q

What is the most common route for UTI?

A

It ASCENDS from the vagina to the bladder

26
Q

What are the two reasons for UTIs to be more common in females?

A

Shorter urethra and ESTROGEN/PROGESTERONE (relax the smooth muscle of the urinary tract = easier colonization)

27
Q

What is a complication of acute pyelonephritis seen largely in Diabetics who suffer from repeated UTI’s?

A

Renal Papillary Necrosis

28
Q

***Renal papillary necrosis is a complication of acute pyelonephritis seen largely in ________ who suffer from repeated UTI’s…

A

Diabetics

29
Q

What is the most feared complication of renal papillary necrosis? The ischemic changes in the renal papillae may cause sloughing of the ________.

A

renal pyramids

30
Q

What is the most feared complication of renal papillary necrosis? The necrotic tips of the papillae are sloughed off and discharged into the renal pelvis, usually obstructing the ureter or urethra which can cause ________.

A

renal colic

31
Q

***What is the most feared complication of renal papillary necrosis? ___________ can be a late complication due to dilation of the renal pelvis.

A

Hydronephrosis

32
Q

What are the two most common reasons for CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE leading to Dialysis and Transplant:

A

1.Diabetes 2.HyperTensioN

33
Q

What is the result of complications from immunosuppressive drugs on a transplanted kidney? ***WHAT ARE THE 2 DRUGS THAT CAUSE THIS???

A

NephroToxicity….1.CycloSporine 2.TAC-Ro-Li-mus

34
Q

What disease causes the highest recurrence of kidney failure in a transplanted kidney? What is the term for the outcome?

A

Diabetes…diabetic Glomeruli-Sclerosis

35
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

An RNA retrovirus

36
Q

What type of cell does HIV attack?

A

CD4+ T Cells

37
Q

What 2 fungi cause the most lung disease in AIDS patients?

A

Pneumocystis jervecii and pneumocystis carinii

38
Q

Is AIDS a humoral or cell mediated disease?

A

cell-mediated (humoral cells are fine)

39
Q

According to the CDC any HIV infected person is considered to have AIDS when their CD4+ cell count is below:

A

200

40
Q

How much is the potency and half life of cocaine potentiated when mixed with EtOH?

A

2x

41
Q

Extraction of pure alkaloid from cocaine hydrochloride yields a solid form of “_______” called crack

A

“free base” called crack (more potent)

42
Q

Which has a longer half-life: cocaine or meth?

A

meth

43
Q

What is the key ingredient in meth and where can it be found? (hence the cheapness)..

A

Ephedrine…kerosine, paint, methanol (wood varnish)

44
Q

How is crystal meth made?

A

meth powder put in the refridgerator

45
Q

What does meth get metabolized into? Is this reversible?

A

Meth–>amphetamine….NO! Not reversible

46
Q

Heroin gets VERY quickly gets broken down into which three metabolites?

A

1.Morphine 2.Codine 3.6-MAM

47
Q

Tooth erosion from bulimia is on what surface of which arch?

A

lingual of maxillary

48
Q

What organisms are most responsible for Nursing caries?

A

Street Mutans

49
Q

What is the etiology of pregnancy gingivitis?

A

Estrogen/hormones

50
Q

Pathologists do the grading…how many grades are there? What are they?

A

3….Well differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated

51
Q

How many stages are there?

A

4

52
Q

What does the M in TNM stand for?

A

Metastasis

53
Q

What is the only method of making a definitive diagnosis?

A

histology

TxPlan/MedComplex/SpecNeeds (21 decks)

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