Media Flashcards
Traditional vs new media
Bauman 2009
during the last thirty years more information has been produced in the world than during the previous 5,000 years, while a single copy of the Sunday edition of New York Times contains more information than a cultivated person in the 18th century would consume in a lifetime
what did ofcom say/do?
- they were The UK government approved regulatory and competition authority for broadcasting
- They have wide ranges of powers across Tv, and radio and help stop private radios from happening e.g. Kurupt
What does IPSO and IBA stand for
- IPSO = independent Press Standards Organisation. They were the main industry regulator of the press in the uk scene since 1990
- IBA = Independent Broadcasting Authority. They were the regulatory body in the Uk for commercial television
Lords of the Global Village
what did Bagdikian say
- Lords of the Global village was where they dominated the worlds mass media and controlled every step of information process
- Bagdikian said that there was a concentration of media ownership and that there was a handful of companies.
- He identified a number of features of media ownership and that there was a handful of companies.
- He identified a number of features of media ownership: GE, News corp, Disney, Viacom, Time warner and CBS
- Essentially these companies ruled world media and controlled mot of it.
What were the features that Bagdikian identified of these companies
- Concentration of ownership (few companies)
- Vertical Integration (own all aspects of production)
- Horizontal integration (range of media)
- Global Ownership
- diversification (diversity of products)
- Global conglomeration
- Synergy - where a media product is sold in several different -fin is then made into computer game
- Technological convergence - several media technologies in one device.
Marxists - what is the Glasgow Media Group
what does Althusser say
- GMG believe media play important role in spreading dominant ideology
- The media control access to knowledge and encourage them to accept unequal society
- Some stories deliberately excluded
- Althusser believes dominant ideology is spread through ideological state apparatuses.
- E.g mass media and education system induce people into false consciousness
Manipulative/instrumentalist approach
what does Morley say (1999) say?
What does Miliband say?
What does Philo say
- Morley (1999) ‘preferred reading’ when the audience responds to the ideas in the way the media producer wants them to
- Miliband is a traditional Marxist, audience directly manipulated by owners who directly control media content, also says media editors, managers and journalists have little choice
- Audience is passive and easily manipulated
- Philo talks about the banking crisis of 2008 - only views of bankers and main parties considered
Pluralist approach, what is it?
what does Bivens say
what does McLuhan say
- power in society spread among a wide variety of competing interest groups.
People who own not driven by ideology but to gain audience numbers
Bivens - three significant changes in journalism of old media
- Shifts in traditional news flow cycles
- Heightened accountability
- Evolving news values (pluralism)
McLuhan - Global village, how digitized new media is and the collapse of space and time barriers, thus shrinking the world and making it like a village/community
3 Criticisms to Pluralism
- Media owners sack editors who don’t push their agenda and hire those with similar outlook
- managers and editors have very little freedom within companies
- Only rich and powerful have resources to launch media e.g. rich and right wing - still dominant agenda.
Pluralism Percy
P- Audience are free to pick and chose
E- Media owners aren’t driven by the ideology but audience numbers
R- Bivens, 3 significant changes to journalism in old media
C- Pluralism has led to tabloidization or ‘dumbing down’
P- power in society spread among variety of competing interest groups
E- Variety of channels, new media
R- Neophiliacs (someone that constantly uses new tech and quickly adapts to it)
C- Most media outlets are owned by a narrow sub-section of society i.e rich and right wing
Ethnicity
Hargrave (2002)
Beattle et al (1999)
Cohen
Hargrave (2002) - Black people more than 2x likely as white people to be portrayed as criminals on tv
Cohen - Mods and Rockers, deviancy amplification
Beattle et al (1999) - Black and Asian more likely to be guests on a show, Ethnic minorities are ‘ghettoized’ in mainstream media
Globalisation, how is culture going to be effected by globalisation
Fenton (1999)
- Technology is the vehicle that has made it possible for mass cultures to see high cultured products and have them in their own homes
- cultural and media imperialism - a process where Western values are imposed on non Western cultures, undermining local cultures and independence
- Fenton (1999) - Term global rarely means universal and that normally disguises the domination of Western culture over others.
Global culture
Ritzer
Sklair
Kellner
Ritzer - sees American food industry as perfect example of global culture (McDonald’s 33,000 restaurants in 119 countries)
Sklair(2010) - media (American) spreads information, news, ideas and entertainment. However it blurs the distinctions and sells the American lifestyle as the ideal
Kellner(1995) - media has power to globally produce images of lifestyle the become part of everyday life. People form their identites based of this
Post modernist
Baudrillard
Strinati
Baudrillard - Media images saturated society, media images distort reality (hyperreality)
Simulacra - replaces reality with its representation
Strinati - importance and power of media in shaping consumer choice, helps us define our identity
social construction of the news
- influence of owners
- Making a profit - Bagdikian advertising means news reporting will avoid offending advertisers
- Globalisation - Bivens, citizen journalism changed journalism making activities more accountable
- Gatekeeping media power to cover some and let other stories go - Philo bank crisis no other representation
- The presentation of the news - images create bias
