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Media Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Vidrine et al (2007) find?

A

227 student smokers were assessed on need for cognition and it was found that those with a high NFC responded better to a fact based anti-smoking leaflet and those with a low NFC responded better to an emotions based anti-smoking leaflet

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2
Q

When did Vidrine et al take place?

A

2007

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3
Q

What did Haugtvedt et al (1992) find?

A

People with high NFC focus on product attributes and those with low NFC focus on peripheral cues

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4
Q

When did Haugtvedt et al happen?

A

1992

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5
Q

What did Agostinella and Grube (2002) find?

A

The most successful anti-drinking campaigns in the US used celebrities

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6
Q

When did Agostinella and Grube happen?

A

2002

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7
Q

What did Hovland and Weiss (1952) find?

A

Experts are more persuasive than non-experts

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8
Q

Who found that experts were more persuasive than non-experts?

A

Hovland and Weiss (1952)

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9
Q

When did Hovland and Weiss happen?

A

1952

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10
Q

What did Kiesler and Kiesler (1969) find?

A

Attractive and popular communicators are more persuasive

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11
Q

When did Kiesler and Kiesler happen?

A

1969

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12
Q

Who found that attractive and popular communicators are more persuasive?

A

Kiesler and Kiesler (1969)

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13
Q

What did Miller et al (1976) find?

A

Fast speakers are more likely to persuade as they give an impression of expertise

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14
Q

When did Miller et al happen?

A

1976

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15
Q

Who found that fast speakers are more likely to persuade as they give an impression of expertise?

A

Miller et al (1976)

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16
Q

What did Levanthal (1965) find?

A

Arousal of fear aids persuasion, but too much fear creates anxiety which interferes

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17
Q

Who found that moderate fear helps persuade?

A

Levanthal (1965)

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18
Q

When did Levanthal happen?

A

1965

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19
Q

What did Qualls and Moore (1990) find?

A

200 participants watched beer advert and then tasted and rated the beer. Participants were more likely to rate it higher if they’d watched an advert presented by someone of the same ethnicity as them.

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20
Q

When did Qualls and Moore happen?

A

1990

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21
Q

What two things did McGuire (1968) find?

A

Those with moderate self esteem are more easily persuaded than those with high self esteem.

People of high intelligence like to process arguments in more depth whereas people of low intelligent prefer one sided arguments

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22
Q

When did McGuire happen?

A

1968

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23
Q

What studies would you use to evaluate social learning theory as an explanation for the influence of the media on pro-social behaviour?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sprafkin et al (1975) and Ostrov et al (2006)

24
Q

What did Sprafkin et al (1975) find?

Study These Flashcards
A

Children who’d watched a boy risk his life to save a dog saved more virtual puppies than those who’d watched something else

25
What did Ostrov et al (2006) find?
Under observation, children whose parents had reported them to have watched more educational television carried out a higher frequency of pro-social behaviour
26
What study would you use to evaluate sensitisation as an explanation for the influence of media on pro-social behaviour?
Shelton and Rogers (2006)
27
What did Shelton and Rogers (2006) find?
After participants were shown a video of industrial whaling the had a higher empathy for whales
28
What 3 studies would you use to evaluate social learning theory as an explanation for the influence of media on anti-social behaviour?
Philips, Bandura (1965) and Comstock and Paik (1991)
29
What did Phillips find?
Higher incidence of murders of black men in the aftermath of a high profile boxing bout in which the defeated was black. Shows identifying with model and vicarious reinforcement.
30
What did Comstock and Paik (1991) find?
Meta analysis of 1000 findings supports the factors of identifying with model and vicarious reinforcement as motivating imitation.
31
What did Bandura (1965) find?
Lab experiment in which children watched a man carrying out aggressive acts on a bobo doll. Imitation of such acts was more when there was no punishment for the man.
32
What study would you use to support desensitisation as an explanation for the influence of media on anti-social behaviour?
Grafman
33
What did Grafman do and find?
Grafman made participants watch violent video clips in an fMRI scanner. They found reduced activity in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex which is associated with emotional responses.
34
What studies would you use in a question about the positive effects of video games?
Whitaker and Bushman (2011) and Mellecker et al (2008)
35
What did Mellecker et al (2008) find?
451% more calories burnt during an active running game than at rest
36
What did Whitaker and Bushman (2011) find?
Participants played a video game for 20 minutes that was either relaxing, neutral or violent. Those who played the relaxing game reported themselves happier on a questionnaire and sharpened more pencils than the other conditions.
37
What studies might you include in a question about the negative effects of video games?
Anderson and Dill (2000), Anderson and Dill (2000), Padilla-Walker et al (2009) and Weber (2006)
38
What did Padilla-Walker et al (2009) find?
Survey of 813 university student found a negative correlation between time spent playing video games and quality of relationships
39
What did Anderson and Dill (2000) wolfenstein study find?
This lab experiment found that those who had been playing violent video game Wolfenstein blasted virtual opponents with white noise for longer than those who had been playing fast paced thinking game Myst
40
What did Anderson and Dill (2000) questionnaire study find?
Questionnaires found a positive correlation between video game exposure and trait aggression and video game exposure and deliquency
41
What did Weber (2006) find?
Male participants played video games in an MRI scanner which reduced activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, associated with empathy
42
Who developed the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) in 2002?
McCutcheon
43
What percentages did Maltby et al (2004) find for the CAS?
93% entertainment-social, 5% intense-personal, 2% borderline-pathological
44
What did McCutcheon (2006) find?
Alpha reliability coefficients (measure of internal reliability) of 0.9 for entertainment-social, 0.8 for intense-personal and 0.7 borderline-pathological
45
What did Maltby et al (2003) find?
Significant correlations between the CAS and Eysenck's personality traits: 0. 3 between extraversion and entertainment-social 0. 3 between neuroticism and intense-personal 0. 2 between psychoticism and borderline-pathological
46
What did McCutcheon et al (2005) find?
McCutcheon found a high negative correlation between score on the CAS and cognitive ability which she measured with verbal creativity, critical thinking and spatial ability.
47
What did McCutcheon et al (2006) find about celebrity stalking?
A survey of parental bonding and rating how appropriate stalking behaviours were found that those who were insecurely attached were more likely to think that celebrity stalking was acceptable.
48
What did Roberts (2007) find about celebrity stalking?
200 students reported their attempts to contact celebrities and on their tendencies to anxiety and avoidance and they found: positive correlation between anxiety and stalking and negative correlation between avoidance and stalking
49
What did Langhinrischen-Rohling (2000) find?
Stalkers (not of celebrities) are more likely to have pre-occupied attachment (type C for adults)
50
What did Cole and Leets (1999) find?
Type C participants most likely to form parasocial relationships and Type A participants least likely Using Likert scale and Hazan and Shaver's paragraphs
51
What did Cohen (2004) find?
Most negative responses to reaction if taking favourite TV characters off air came from those with resistant (type C) attachment In Israel questionnaires
52
What did Shiraishi et al (2006) find?
A genetic variant of the brain enzyme MAOA correlates with novelty seeking tendencies- suggests neophilia is hardwired
53
What did Duck (1982) find?
Boredom cited as a reason for ending relationships
54
What did Nettle and Clegg (2006) find?
Serious artists and poets had more sexual partners across their lifetime
55
What did Holt and Lewis (2009) find?
2/3 of celebrity gossip magazines are women

Psychology (6 decks)

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