media and propoganda

Question 2

Lenin Media and propoganda - summary

Answer 2

Lenin established media controls in the Soviet Union to advance the revolution and assert government authority,, and promoted propaganda highlighting revolutionary goals and his leadership.

Question 3

Lenin Media and propoganda - success

Answer 3

Implement early measures to control the press
- establish state control over information distribution
= Early propaganda began to build an image of Lenin

Question 4

Implement early measures to control the press - Lenin

Answer 4

• Decree on the press, Nov 1917 -> gov pwr to close any newspapers that supported ‘counter revolution’
• Revolution Tribunal of the Press, 1918 -> state pwr to censor press -> Journalists/editors who committed ‘crimes against the people’ could be punished by rhe cheka

Question 5

• establish state control over information distribution - lenin

Answer 5

• ROSTA, 1918)
  All-Russia Telegraph agency, state control of all advertising and all news reporting
• By the mid-1920s, the Bolsheviks had firm control over publications. -> close down Tsarist + Prov. Gov supporter papers
  -> mid-1918 outlawed opposition socialist papers

Question 6

= Early propaganda began to build an image of Lenin

Answer 6

• (first photo published Jan 1918).
• Klutsis Photomontage -> posters advertise Lenins plan
• Lissitzky ‘Beat the whites with the red wedge’
• ROSTA -> cartoon films support rev.

Question 7

Lenin Media and propoganda - failure

Answer 7

Difficult to suppress all opposition immediately
Initial cult of lenin took time to develop

Question 8

Lenin Media and propoganda - change

Answer 8

radical shift from Tsarist censorship to centralized, ideologically driven state control (Decree on the Press).
Beginning of leader-focused propaganda.

Question 9

Lenin Media and propoganda - continuity

Answer 9

The underlying principle of the state needing to guide and control information for its political goals.

Question 10

Stalin Media And propoganda - success

Answer 10

• near-total control over all forms of media, eliminating virtually all dissenting voices and ensuring strict adherence to the party line.
• absolute personal control over the narrative, shaping propaganda to create a powerful cult of personality.
• control the perception
  of reality within the Soviet Union, suppressing negative information and promoting a glorified image.
• subordinated artistic and intellectual output to the dictates of the state and his personal ideology.

Question 11

near-total control over all forms of media, eliminating virtually all dissenting voices and ensuring strict adherence to the party line.

Answer 11

mid -30s works of Zinoviec Kamenev, Trotsky, and other leading revolutionaries from 1920;s purged from soviet libraries

Question 12

absolute personal control over the narrative, shaping propaganda to create a powerful cult of personality.

Answer 12

• Portrayed as a divine figure, whose unique wisdom would lead to nation of socialism
• Stalins works edited to remove any indication he had been close to anyone purged + soviet history rewrittten

Question 13

• control the perception
  of reality within the Soviet Union, suppressing negative information and promoting a glorified image.

Answer 13

• 1928 + Glavlit controlled access to economic data
• Soviet media forbidden from publishing stories about natural disaster, suicides, industrial accidents/bad weather

Question 14

• subordinated artistic and intellectual output to the dictates of the state and his personal ideology.

Answer 14

Propaganda focused on idealised images of workers and peasants happily building socialism in modern factories and farms - i.e ‘ The worker and the collective farm women’

Question 15

Stalin Media And propoganda - failure

Answer 15

need for constant suppression and manipulation of information

Question 16

Stalin Media And propoganda - summary

Answer 16

Tightening of media control and use of propaganda.

Question 17

Stalin Media And propoganda - change

Answer 17

Significant intensification of state media control compared to Lenin, evolving into a totalitarian system centered on a single leader’s cult of personality.

Question 18

Stalin Media And propoganda - continuity

Answer 18

Continued the fundamental principle of state control over information and the use of media to promote the ruling ideology, but at a much more extreme level than under Lenin.

Question 19

khrushchev Media And propoganda - summary

Question 20

khrushchev Media And propoganda -successy

Answer 20

Overall state control over media

Shift the focus of control -> ltd discussion of social issues allow
Popular magazines encouraged to publish readers letters -> allow Soviet citizen to express thoughts on ‘non-political’ subjects i,e Rabotnisa (the woman worker) exposed social problems such as DV, Alcoholism, inequality
rise of television to disseminate state-approved messages to a wider audience.
Between 1960 + 64 successful -> celebrate SU success in space race
1961 million watched 5-hr programme celebrating Gagarin’s space flight

Question 21

khrushchev Media And propoganda -failure y

Answer 21

Magazines -> led to awareness of profound issues

Question 22

khrushchev Media And propoganda -change

Answer 22

Some relaxation
- reduced focus on single leader’s glorification
Growth of YV

Question 23

khrushchev Media And propoganda - continuity

Answer 23

= core principle of state control over all media outlets
- the use of media to promote the Communist Party’s agenda remained. - Political criticism was still not tolerated.

Question 24

Brezhnev Media And propoganda - summary

Answer 24

Continued media control, handling of the Soviet War in Afghanistan, and trends in cinema and television

Question 25

Brezhnev Media And propoganda -success

Answer 25

reasserted firm state control d maintained a tightly controlled information environment d controlled the narrative surrounding the Soviet War in Afghanistan Tight control of the footage of the war in Afghanistan, and could kep the truth about the scale and horrors of the war by use of TV

Question 26

Brezhnev Media And propoganda - failure

Answer 26

By late 1970s technique to ensure that B speeches were transmitted in full w/ great deal of domestic media coverage backfired, since it showed a clearly physically and mentally incapactitated -> unable to make speeches, confused mid sentence, and difficulty speakin Lost control of print media -> KGB continued to police political publications but western magazines such as vogue -> undermine faith by showing quality of western goods and the luxury

Question 27

Brezhnev Media And propoganda - continuity

Answer 27

- the fundamental principles of state ownership - control of all media, - strict censorship, and - the use of media as a tool for propaganda - continued.

Question 28

Brezhnev Media And propoganda - continuity

Answer 28

- shift back towards a more conservative and less tolerant approach to media compared to Khrushchev. - Active concealment of negative information about the Afghanistan War was a notable change in media management