Media Globalisation and Popular Culture

Question 1

How has media impacted culture positivity

Answer 1

Media conglomerates create and spread popular culture across the globe - entertaining to the majority & easy to understand
People can merge popular culture with their own to create hybridity & choice
Also promote high culture by making it more accessible to all (Strinati).

Question 2

How has media impacted culture negatively

Answer 2

Reduces cultural diversity by spreading one global culture that often promotes consumerism and inequality
By making high culture accessible has it undermined it and made it less prestigious?​

Question 3

How is the media linked to globalisation

Answer 3

Allows for mass communication and information – shrinks time and space barriers

Question 4

What is the definition of popular culture

Answer 4

Easy to follow, understand and is entertaining to the majority

Question 5

How does global media link to popular culture

Answer 5

Many people around the world have access to and consume the same global culture​

Question 6

What are the two perspectives we look at for media globalisation and popular culture

Answer 6

Cultural Imperialists
Postmodernists

Question 7

Which perspective views media globalisation and popular culture as a negative

Answer 7

Cultural Imperialists

Question 8

What is a brief summary of Cultural imperialists ideas

Answer 8

The global media spreads a homogenised popular culture based on western values - bad -as it is often imposed on less powerful nations, undermining local cultures & diversity. ​
Global popular culture is: “Superficial candy floss culture” which lacks any real merit and prevents critical thinking – creating an uncritical passive audience
Involves the promotion of values such as consumption (Barnett & Seymour) ​
Ideological function: Distracts poor groups from exploitation and inequality ​

Question 9

Which perspective views media globalisation and popular media as a positive

Answer 9

Postmodernists

Question 10

What is a breif summary of postmodernists views (media globalisation)

Answer 10

Global media spreads a popular culture, however this encourages hybridity not homogenisation - gives greater choice to local and global cultures - pick n mix between both
New Media has extended global popular culture to include: Information as well as entertainment (Twitter etc) and opportunities to consume cultural products to construct and display identity (eg TikTok) - people are no longer restricted to traditional ascribed sources of identity

Question 11

What is media imperialism

Answer 11

Western media is replacing local media

Question 12

What is cultural homogenisation

Answer 12

People’s culture and consumption habits, wherever they are in the world, have become very similar

Question 13

What are the 4 key areas looked at by cultural imperialists

Answer 13

Promotes mass consumption, prevents critical thinking, capitalism inequality through fcc - Marcuse and Sklair
Americanisation = less diversity and low quality goods
Risk society
Civic disengagement

Question 14

What does Marcuse discuss

Answer 14

Global media promotes mass culture and consumerism through: False needs - cant cope without it in modern lifestyle
Commodity Fetishism - change your life ‘drastically’
Conspicous consumption - trends keep us looking so we have tio keep buying to stay uptodate

Question 15

How does Marcuses arguement (false needs, conspicous consumption, commodity fetishism) maintain inequality

Answer 15

Creates a ‘diversion from economic reality’: ​
False class consciousness​
Maintains inquality – Bourgousie make more profit, whilst workers & auidences are exploited:​
Products have a short lifespan & are based on trends – guarantees constant consumption. ​

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Question 16

What does Sklair say about Global media creating popular culture

Answer 16

More problomatic as adds blur the difference between entertainment, info or promtions - we can no longer tell the difference

Question 17

What kind of life style does the media sell - Sklair

Answer 17

Idealised western lifestyle

Question 18

What is one criticim to Sklairs talk about popular culture bluring the lines between entertinment, information or promotion

Answer 18

Regulations require celebs to distinguish this ins their content
TikTok pages now have - ‘paid commercial’ on the bottom of the video

Question 19

How has globalisation created americanisation

Answer 19

Media is held in the hands of the few - located in America
America impose their popular culture on less powerful nations making american culture and norms ubiquitos (everywhere)

Question 20

What is Coca-colerisation

Answer 20

American films feature american brands to convince lesser developed countries to conume american pop culture and product associated with it

Question 21

What are 3 negative impacts of americanisation

Answer 21

Destruction of local diverse cultures and identities
Individuality and creativity is no longer rewarded/ encourages
Suggests american culture is superior

Question 22

What do Late modernists say about media globalisation and popular culture

Answer 22

It contributes to a risk society
Promotion of consumption harms the environment
Barber: Rise in Fundamentalism - spread of american culture leads to other cultures feeling threatened and retaliate with voilence

Question 23

What is Mcdonalisation

Answer 23

The idea of three main principle originated from americans fast food chains which has allowed to happen through technology and media:
Predictability
Efficiency
Calculable - mass consumption

Question 24

Why is Mcdonalisation a negative

Answer 24

Results in higher levels of consumption and mass production of low quality goods = less individuality as we all want the same things

Question 25

What is Civic disengagement

Answer 25

People prefer to spend time online and with online interactions rather than real life relations creates people becoming less involved in communities

Question 26

How does Thomspon: Cultural Response criticise cultural imperialists

Answer 26

Deterministic - audiences are not passive, different cultures exposed to same media but will respond differently Glocalisation: american products globally but adopted to fit local areas (Mcdonalds menus)

Question 27

How does National and Regional Broadcasting criticise the cultural imperialists view

Answer 27

Increase in local broadcasting - public still watch local tv and means not overwhelmed by western media and dont to take on popular culture (USA Latinos have own radio station)

Question 28

How does the Flow of culture criticise the cultural imperialists view

Answer 28

Reverse cultural flows - cultures transmitted both ways, not just global transmitting to local cultures Suggests not homogenisation but cultural hybridity More possible by new media, citizen journalism

Question 29

Generally what do Postmodernists view about Media globalisation and popular culture

Answer 29

It encourages diversity and hybridity of cultures Allows for greater choice - pick n mix identities Means we are no longer bound by traditional features of identity (CAGE)

Question 30

What are the four main points from postmodernists for media globalisation and popular culture

Answer 30

Increase consumer choice Cultural hybridity Rejection of meta-narratives Participatory culture

Question 31

What is meant by Increase consumer choice as a point from the postmodernist perspective

Answer 31

Strinati: global media has blurred boundary between high and low culture and has made it accessible to all - free on smartphones New media: interactivity allows people from all over the world to post & share their own culture

Question 32

How has increased consumer choice had a positive effect on popular culture - PM

Answer 32

Increased awareness of cultural diversity and has made different types of culture more accessible - greater freedoms to pick n mix identity

Question 33

What are two criticism that say that increase consumer choice does not positively benefit popular culture

Answer 33

Digital divide: Some groups lack access to the popular culture available on media platforms - not more choice for everyone and may feel excluded restricted by structural inequality: Poverty may prevent the WC creating their identity through consuming cultural products or may feel pressured to purchase things they cannot afford

Question 34

What is meant by Cultural Hybridity as a positive part of media globalisation - PM

Answer 34

It encourages awareness of diversity and encourages cultural hybridity Local/folk cultures are not swallowed up by global media - it is modified to make sense to local community (Bollywood) People do not abandon cultural traditions but mix elements of global culture to elements of own culture

Question 35

How does Cultural hybridity create a positive impact on popular culture

Answer 35

Different cultures can be explored and learnt about, but not in a way that feels too unfamiliar or forced which can create cultural appreciation Strengthen relationships between people from different cultures and reduce hate crime as it is creating culture based on awareness and acceptance

Question 36

What is the main evaluation to Cultural hybridity not making a positive impact on popular culture

Answer 36

Cultural Appropriation could occur: means taking something from somebody without their permission, and not taking the time to learn the history behind it

Question 37

What is meant by Rejection of meta-narratives as a positive impact on popular cultures

Answer 37

Globalisation of media contributed to a critical culture Media saturation: High level of media output from around the globe has resulted in a diverse range of views This challenges traditional ‘metanarratives': Audiences have become media literate – aware there is no such thing as one truth and that knowledge is about diversity of ideas

Question 38

How does the Rejection of meta-narratives make a positive impact on popular culture

Answer 38

Popular culture being spread allows audiences to have a range of information to view before making informed decisions. It also promotes a culture based on critical thinking which can prevent the powerful from spreading one view

Question 39

How do Marxists criticism the PM view that Rejection of meta-narratives is a positive for popular culture

Answer 39

Globalised media has increased media concentration (many platforms owned by a few). This has given more power to the Bourgeoisie who can now spread popular culture across the globe

Question 40

What is meant by Participatory culture which creates a positive impact on popular culture

Answer 40

Jenkins: global media has created a popular culture that represents a variety of views and makes more diversity and democracy Platforms more participatory Audiences can now contribute and create culture themselves by uploading content and can change cultured based on lobbying to cancel shows People feel more connected to a community Popular culture encourages audiences to be active and use the media to challenge oppression - increased political awareness

Question 41

What is an evaluation point to show how Participatory culture has not benefitted popular culture

Answer 41

Governments & media owners have the power to censor global media – limiting the contribution the public can make to culture & threatening the extent to which it represents a variety of views

Question 42

What are two general evaluation points against the PM view of media globalisation and popular culture

Answer 42

Digital Divide/Censorshoip: Prevents some groups from benefitting from globalised media and the popular culture it creates. Eg in North Korea residents cannot access popular media. ​ Cultural imperialists would argue: Post-modernists ignore the capitalist motivation of the global media and the exploitation that it maintains