Representations - Gender Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is symbolic annihilation?
A concept where women’s achievements are not reported or are presented as less important than their looks.
Who coined the term ‘symbolic annihilation’?
Tuchman et al.
What does the ‘cult of femininity’ refer to?
A biased representation that encourages women to conform to a patriarchal subordinate position.
What percentage of articles in national newspapers related to women’s sports during the 2012 Olympics?
4.5%
How are women often portrayed in media compared to men?
Women are often portrayed as busy housewives and sex objects, while men are shown as active and in positions of power.
What did the ‘Just the Women’ report in 2012 conclude about women’s portrayal in news?
Over 13,000 news reports portrayed women in limited roles.
What is the ‘Male Gaze’ as described by Mulvey?
A concept where women are reduced to sexual commodities to be consumed by men.
What kind of messages do women’s magazines often send regarding body image?
They encourage girls and women to be unhappy with their bodies and promote a diet culture.
What are some traits associated with being a ‘real man’ in media representations?
- Leaders
- Physical strength
- Competitiveness
- Heterosexuality
- Objectifying women
According to ‘Children Now’ in 1999, what percentage of boys had never seen a man doing house chores on TV?
Over 1/3rd
What did McNamara find about media representations of men?
80% of media representations of men were negative.
What is one way that new media has impacted women’s representation?
Women can create their own identity and express their sexuality.
What does Gauntlett argue about traditional media’s influence on women?
It empowers women and encourages independence.
What are postmodernists’ views on representations of men since the 1980s?
Representations have shifted to celebrate emotional and vulnerable aspects of masculinity.
What is the critique of Gauntlett’s view on media inclusivity?
Hegemonic identity remains dominant, and alternative portrayals can cause confusion or hate.
Fill in the blank: Women’s achievements in media are often _______.
[trivialised or sexualised]
What is feminism?
A movement for advocating women’s rights and equality.
Who are postmodernists?
Thinkers who challenge traditional narratives and ideologies.
What is pluralism?
A theory that acknowledges multiple perspectives and diverse groups within society.
What percentage of those in the lowest socio-economic groups use the internet at home?
94%
What percentage of those in the lowest socio-economic groups have internet access at home?
2%
What do theoretical perspectives of gender representations criticize?
Media representations reinforce gender roles and limit young females’ behavior and aspirations.
What do Liberal Feminists believe about media representations?
They are slowly changing to reflect women’s achievements, but cultural lag exists due to male dominance in media.
What is a key argument of Marxist Feminists regarding media representations?
Stereotypical images are a byproduct of media conglomerates’ profit motives.
