MEDIA - Representations of Ethnicity in the Media Flashcards
What Perspective would say this is, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘It isn’t really about racism, it is all about economics. The majority of the population are white, therefore White opinion is reflected. Large audiences attract large advertising profits.’
Hegemonic Marxism and Pluralism!
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘Hall (1978) states that ethnic minorities are criminalised in the media and the folk devils of moral panics’.
Traditional Marxism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘Newspapers act in the interest of the readers by demanding that those in power take action to control ethnic minority groups’.
Pluralism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘The media presents ethnic minorities as more problematic than extreme inequalities in income distribution or poverty.’
Traditional Marxism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘The media is an ideological state apparatus which functions to divide and rule the working class.’
Traditional Marxism - Althusser
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘White experts are seen as the most credible. Also, the tabloidisation of news leads to highlighting issues of race, but does not examine the full complexity of the issues.’
Hegemonic Marxism / Neo-Marxists, like Stuart Hall
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘This consensus approach means that White experts and sources are at the top of the hierarchy of credibility. This means that journalists ignore non-institutional or ethnic minority sources in their reporting.’
Hegemonic Marxism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘One criticism of this theory is evidenced by Cottle (2000) who notes that papers such as The Guardian are anti-racist.’
Traditional Marxism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘Because media owners are generally White, they produce stories for their white readers.’
Hegemonic Marxism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘Media content is shaped by the market.
If they do not give the audience what they want, they will go out of business.’
Pluralism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘The consensual approach means that media professionals do not want to risk alienating their White audience. This means that Muslims and Blacks are marginalised (symbolic annihilation)’
Hegemonic Marxism
What Perspective would say this, in regards to representations of Ethnicity in the Media?
‘Representations of ethnic minorities in the media reflect real fears in society.’
Pluralism
In terms of the New Media, how is Ethnicity portrayed and represented in the Media?
Representations can be challenged by citizen journalists –> Movements, such as BLM and participatory media; institutional racism in the police and the Macpherson Report!
There can be toxic, hate speech towards BAME people in society!
In terms of News values, how is Ethnicity portrayed and represented in the Media?
Negative → ‘Stop the Boats’ + Celebrities and ‘White woman syndrome’ vs other ethnicities and individuals being seen on the news!
Conflict → Ethnic-minority and refugees portrayed as ‘dangerous’ (Moral panic - Cohen); may lead to over-representation of ethnicity!
In terms of Culture and Globalisation, who is Ethnicity portrayed and represented in the Media?
Online culture and groups; hybridity of culture (Flew - Postmodernism), such as Bollywood! Cultural Imperialism in the West and Coca-colonisation (Fenton) and Symbolic Annihilation (links to homogenisation)!
