Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: the thymus extends into both the superior and anterior mediastinums?

A

True

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2
Q

At what vertebral level does the IVC exit the diaphragm?

A

T8

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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the aorta exit the diaphragm?

A

T12

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4
Q

At what vertebral level does the esophagus exit the diaphragm?

A

T10

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5
Q

Where does the esophagus start?

A

inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

What is a hiatal hernia? What are the different types?

A

stomach herniates into esophageal hiatus
Type I - often asymptomatic; stomach slides freely into thorax; most common
Type II- fundus is fixed in place in diaphragm; risks gastric blood

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7
Q

Where can you find the retropharyngeal space?

A

Between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia

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8
Q

The retropharyngeal space extends into what mediastinal division?

A

superior mediastinum

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9
Q

The danger space extends into what mediastinal division?

A

posterior mediastinum

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10
Q
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the posterior mediastinum?
esophagus & esophageal plexus
azygos system of vv.
phrenic n.
descending aorta
thoracic duct
throacic splanchnic nn.
A

phrenic n.

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11
Q

The left vagus n. becomes what vagal trunk of the esophagus?

A

anterior

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12
Q

The right vagus n. becomes what vagal trunk of the esophagus?

A

posterior

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13
Q

T/F: the phrenic n. forms the esophageal plexus.

A

False. It is the Vagus n. that forms this plexus

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14
Q

Where is the vagus n. ultimately going?

A

anterior 2/3 of the transverse colon (hindgut)

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15
Q

in order to drain into the SVC, the azygos vein must cross over what structure?

A

the right superior bronchus

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16
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal aa. come from?

A

the descending thoracic aorta

17
Q

Where is the thoracic duct located. What does it drain into?

A

thoracic duct is between the azygos v. and the descending aorta. Posterior to the esophagus, anterior to the vertebral body
it drains the left venous angle (IJV & left subclavian v.)

18
Q

What is the name for accumulation of lymph in the pleural cavity?

A

chylothorax

19
Q

Are the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves pre- or postganglionic sympathetic?

A

preganglionic sympathetic. They travel with the sympathetic trunk, but do not synapse there

20
Q

What vertebral levels does the greater splancnic n. carry?

21
Q

What vertebral levels does the lesser splancnic n. carry?

22
Q

What vetebral levels does the least splancnic n. carry?

23
Q

What plexus does the greater splancnic n. contribute to?

A

celiac trunk plexus

24
Q

What plexuses do the lesser and least splancnic nn contribute to?

A

SMA

aorticorenal

25
What are the three plexuses found in the thorax?
cardiac plexus esophageal plexus pulmonary plexus
26
Are the sympathetics going to the thoracic viscera pre- or postganglionic?
postganglionic